639
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Treating epilepsy in pregnant women

, AO MD BS PhD FRCPEd FRACP

Bibliography

  • Vajda FJE, Horgan D, Hollingworth S, et al. The prescribing of antiepileptic drugs for pregnant Australian women. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol 2011;52:49-53
  • Bobo WV, Davis RL, Toh S, et al. Trends in the use of antiepileptic drugs among pregnant women in the US, 2001-2007: a medication exposure in pregnancy risk evaluation study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2012;26:578-88
  • Man S-L, Petersen I, Thompson M, Nazareth I. Antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy in primary care: a UK population based study. PLoS One 2012;7:e52339
  • Knight AH, Rhind EG. Epilepsy and pregnancy: a study of 153 pregnancies in 59 patients. Epilepsia 1975;16:99-110
  • Schmidt D. The effect of pregnancy on the natural history of epilepsy: review of the literature. In: Janz D, Bossi L, Dam M, Helge H, Richens A, Schmidt D, editors, Epilepsy, pregnancy, and the child. Raven Press, New York; 1982. p. 3-14
  • Locock C. Discussion following Dr Sieveking `Analysis of fifty-two cases of epilepsy observed by the author'. Med Times Gazette 1857;1:524-6
  • Mygind KI, Dam M, Christiansen J. Phenytoin and phenobarbitone plasma clearance during pregnancy. Acta Neurol Scand 1976;54:160-6
  • Lander CM, Edwards VE, Eadie MJ, Tyrer JH. Plasma anticonvulsant concentrations during pregnancy. Neurology 1977;27:128-31
  • Pirie DAJ, Al Watter BH, Pirie AM, et al. Effect of monitoring strategies on seizures in pregnant women on lamotrigine: a meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.10.021
  • Harden C, Hopp J, Ting TY, et al. Management issues for women with epilepsy - focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): 1. Obstetrical complications and changes in seizure frequency. Epilepsia 2009;50:1229-36
  • Pennell P. Antiepileptic drug pharmacokinetics during pregnancy and lactation. Neurology 2003;61(Suppl 2):S35-42
  • Lopez-Fraile IP, Cid AO, Juste AO, Modrego PJ. Levetiracetam plasma level monitoring during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum: clinical and outcome implications. Epilepsy Behav 2009;15:372-5
  • Tomson T, Landmark CJ, Battino D. Antiepileptic drug treatment in pregnancy: changes in drug disposition and their clinical implications. Epilepsia 2013;54:405-14
  • Reisinger TL, Newman M, Loring DW, et al. Antiepileptic drug clearance and seizure frequency during pregnancy in women with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2013;20:13-18
  • Sabers A, Petrenaite V. Seizure frequency in pregnant women treated with lamotrigine monotherapy. Epilepsia 2009;50:2163-6
  • Patsalos PN, Berry DJ, Bourgeois BFD, et al. Antiepileptic drugs - best practice guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring: a position paper by the subcommission in therapeutic drug monitoring, ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies. Epilepsia 2008;49:1239-76
  • Pennell PB, Klein AM, Browning N, et al. Differential effects of antiepileptic drugs on neonatal outcomes. Epilepsy Behav 2012;24:449-56
  • Artamo M, Gissler M, Malm H, et al. Effect of maternal epilepsy and antiepileptic drug use during pregnancy on perinatal health in offspring. Nationwide, retrospective cohort study in Finland. Drug Saf 2013;36:359-69
  • Rauchenzauner M, Ehrensberger M, Prieschl M, et al. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures and antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy - a matter of importance for the baby? J Neurol 2013;260:484-8
  • Holst AG, Winkel BG, Risgaard B, et al. Epilepsy and risk of death and sudden unexpected death in the young. A nationwide study. Epilepsia 2013;54:1613-20
  • Meadow SR. Congenital abnormalities and anticonvulsant drugs. Proc R Soc Med 1970;63:48-9
  • Hill DS, Wlodarczyk BJ, Palacios AM, Finnell RH. Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs. Expert Rev Neurother 2010;10:943-59
  • Tomson T, Battino D. Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs. Lancet Neurol 2012;11:803-13
  • Wlodarczyk BJ, Palacios AM, George TM, Finnell RH. Antiepileptic drugs and pregnancy outcomes. Am J Med Genet A 2012;158A:2071-90
  • Molgaard-Nielsen D, Hviid A. Newer-generation antiepileptic drugs and the risk of major birth defects. J Am Med Assoc 2011;305:1996-2002
  • Werler M, Ahrens KA, Bosco JLF, et al. Use of antiepileptic medications in pregnancy in relation to risk of birth defects. Ann Epidemiol 2011;21:842-50
  • Hernandez-Diaz S, Smith CR, Shen A, et al. Comparative study of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy. Neurology 2012;78:1692-9
  • Cassina M, Dilaghi A, Di Gianantonio E, et al. Pregnancy outcome in women exposed to antiepileptic drugs: teratogenic role of maternal epilepsy and its pharmacologic treatment. Reprod Toxicol 2013;39:50-7
  • Vajda FE, O'Brien TJ, Hitchcock A, et al. Critical relationship between sodium valproate dose and human teratogenesis: results of the Australian register of anti-epileptic drugs in pregnancy. J Clin Neurosci 2004;11:854-8
  • Tomson T, Battino D, Bonizzoni E, et al. Dose-dependent risk of malformation with antiepileptic drugs: an analysis of data from the EURAP epilepsy and pregnancy registry. Lancet Neurol 2011;10:609-17
  • Vajda FJE, O'Brien TJ, Graham J, et al. Dose-dependency of fetal malformations associated with valproate. Neurology 2013;81:999-1003
  • Vajda FJE, O'Brien TJ, Graham J, et al. Associations between particular types of fetal malformation and antiepileptic drug exposure in utero. Acta Neurol Scand 2013;128:228-34
  • Morrow J, Russell A, Guthrie E, et al. Malformation risk of antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy: a prospective study from the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006;77:193-8
  • Vajda FJE, Graham JE, Hitchcock AA, et al. Is lamotrigine a significant human teratogen? Observations from the Australian Pregnancy Register. Seizure 2010;19:558-61
  • Vajda FJE, Graham J, Roten A, et al. Teratogenicity of the newer antiepileptic drugs - the Australian experience. J Clin Neurosci 2012;19:57-9
  • Vajda FJE, Hitchcock A, Graham J, et al. The teratogenic risk of antiepileptic drug polytherapy. Epilepsia 2010;51:805-10
  • Mawwer G, Briggs M, Baker GA, et al. Pregnancy with epilepsy: obstetric and neonatal outcome of a controlled study. Seizure 2010;19:112-19
  • Holmes LB, Mittendorf R, Shen A, et al. Fetal effects of anticonvulsant polytherapies. Arch Neurol 2011;68:1275-81
  • Mahwinney E, Craig J, Morrow J, et al. Levetiracetam in pregnancy. Results from the UK and Ireland epilepsy and pregnancy registers. Neurology 2013;80:401-5
  • Montouris G. Safety of the newer antiepileptic drug oxcarbazepine during pregnancy. Curr Med Res Opin 2005;21:693-701
  • Fujii H, Goel A, Bernard N, et al. Pregnancy outcomes following gabapentin use. Results of a prospective comparative study. Neurology 2013;80:1565-70
  • Adab N, Kini U, Ayres J, et al. The longer term outcome of children born to mothers with epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:1575-83
  • Vinten J, Adab N, Kini U, et al. Neuropsychological effects of exposure to anticonvulsant medication in utero. Neurology 2005;64:949-54
  • Meador KJ, Baker GA, Browning N, et al. Cognitive function at 3 years after fetal exposure to antiepileptic drugs. N Engl J Med 2009;360:1587-605
  • Bromley RL, Leeman BA, Baker GA, Meador KJ. Cognitive and developmental effects of antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy Behav 2011;22:9-16
  • Bromley RL, Mawer GE, Briggs M, et al. The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children exposed prenatally to antiepileptic drugs. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013;84:637-43
  • Veiby G, Daltvelt AK, Schjelberg S, et al. Exposure to antiepileptic drugs in utero and child development: a prospective population-based study. Epilepsia 2013;54:1462-72
  • Cummings C, Stewart M, Stevenson M, et al. Neurodevelopment of children exposed in utero to lamotrigine, sodium valproate and carbamazepine. Arch Dis Child 2011;96:643-7
  • Meador KJ, Baker GA, Browning N, et al. Effect of fetal antiepileptic drug exposure: outcomes at age 4.5 years. Neurology 2012;78:1207-14
  • Meador KJ, Baker GA, Browning N, et al. Fetal antiepileptic drug exposure and cognitive outcomes at age 6 years (NEAD study): a prospective observational study. Lancet Neurol 2013;12:244-52
  • Christensen J, Gronborg TK, Sorensen MJ, et al. Prenatal valproate exposure and risk of autism spectrum disorders and childhood autism. J Am Med Assoc 2013;309:1696-703
  • Cohen MJ, Meador KJ, Browning N, et al. Fetal antiepileptic drug exposure: adaptive and emotional/behavioral functioning at 6 years. Epilepsy Behav 2013;29:308-15
  • Veiby G, Engelsen BA, Gilhus NE. Early child development and exposure to antiepileptic drugs prenatally and through breastfeeding. A prospective cohort study on children of women with epilepsy. JAMA Neurol 2013;70:1367-74
  • Hunt S, Russell A, Smithson WH, et al. Topiramate in pregnancy. Preliminary experience from the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register. Neurology 2008;71:272-6
  • Holmes LB, Hernandez-Diaz S. Newer anticonvulsants: lamotrigine, topiramate and gabapentin. Birth Defects Res A 2012;94:599-606
  • Margulis AV, Mitchell AA, Gilboa SM, et al. Use of topiramate in pregnancy and risk of oral clefts. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012;207:292; 405.e1-7
  • Green MW, Seeger JD, Peterson C, Bhattacharyya A. Utilization of topiramate during pregnancy and risk of birth defects. Headache 2012;52:1070-84
  • Matalon S, Schectman S, Goldzweig G, Ornoy A. The teratogenic effect of carbamazepine: a meta-analysis of 1255 exposures. Reprod Toxicol 2002;16:9-17
  • Campbell E, Devenney E, Morrow J, et al. Recurrence risk of congenital malformations in infants exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero. Epilepsia 2013;54:165-71
  • Vajda FJE, O'Brien TJ, Lander CM, et al. Tetratogenesis in repeated pregnancies in antiepileptic drug-treated women. Epilepsia 2013;54:181-6
  • Begum S, Sarma SP, Thomas SV. Malformation in index pregnancy in women with epilepsy is not followed by recurrence in subsequent pregnancy. Epilepsia 2013;54:e163-7
  • Shallcross R, Bromley RL, Irwin B, et al. Child development following in utero exposure: levetiracetam vs sodium valproate. Neurology 2011;76:383-9
  • Vajda FJE, Hitchcock A, Graham J, et al. Seizure control in antiepileptic drug-treated pregnancy. Epilepsia 2008;49:172-5
  • Moore JL, Aggarwal P. Lamotrigine use in pregnancy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012;13:1213-16
  • Berkovic SF, Scheffer IE. Genetics of human partial epilepsy. Curr Opin Neurol 1997;10:110-14
  • Battino D, Tomson T, Bonizzoni E, et al. Seizure control and treatment changes in pregnancy: observations from the EURAP epilepsy pregnancy registry. Epilepsia 2013;54:1621-7
  • Thomas SV, Syam U, Devi JS. Predictors of seizures during pregnancy in women with epilepsy. Epilepsia 2012;53:e85-8
  • Eadie MJ, Tyrer JH. Anticonvulsant therapy: pharmacological basis and practice. 3rd edition. Churchill-Livingstone, Edinburgh; 1989
  • Yerby M. Management issues for women with epilepsy: neural tube defects and folic acid supplementation. Neurology 2003;61(Suppl 2):S23-6
  • Lindhout D. Antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy and cognitive outcomes. Lancet Neurol 2013;13:219-20
  • Shorvon SD, Tomson T, Cock HR. The management of epilepsy during pregnancy - progress is painfully slow. Epilepsia 2009;50:973-4
  • Levy RH, Mattson RH, Meldrum BH, Perucca E, editors. Antiepileptic drugs. 5th edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia; 2002
  • Shorvon SD, Perucca E, Fish DR, Dodson WE, editors. The treatment of epilepsy. 2nd edition. Blackwell Science, Oxford; 2004
  • Tomson T, Palm R, Kallen K, et al. Pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam during pregnancy, delivery, in the neonatal period, and lactation. Epilepsia 2007;48:1111-16
  • Davanzo R, Bo SD, Bua J, et al. Antiepileptic drugs and breastfeeding. Ital J Pediatr 2013;39:50

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.