1,588
Views
79
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

A review of gliptins for 2014

Bibliography

  • Scheen AJ. A review of gliptins in 2011. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012;13:81-99
  • Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, et al. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia 2012;55:1577-96
  • Plosker GL. Sitagliptin: a review of its use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs 2014;74:223-42
  • Keating GM. Vildagliptin: a review of its use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs 2014;74:587-610
  • Ali S, Fonseca V. Saxagliptin overview: special focus on safety and adverse effects. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2013;12:103-9
  • Lajara R. Use of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin in combination therapy for type 2 diabetes. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012;13:2663-71
  • Jarvis CI, Cabrera A, Charron D. Alogliptin: a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Pharmacother 2013;47:1532-9
  • Kakuda H, Kobayashi J, Kakuda M, et al. The effect of anagliptin treatment on glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress in fasting and postprandial states using a test meal in Japanese men with type 2 diabetes. Endocrine 2014; [Epub ahead of print]
  • Goda M, Kadowaki T. Teneligliptin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Drugs Today (Barc) 2013;49:615-29
  • Kim SH, Lee SH, Yim HJ. Gemigliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor: first new anti-diabetic drug in the history of Korean pharmaceutical industry. Arch Pharm Res 2013;36:1185-8
  • Scheen AJ. Pharmacokinetics of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors. Diabetes Obes Metab 2010;12:648-58
  • Golightly LK, Drayna CC, McDermott MT. Comparative clinical pharmacokinetics of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Clin Pharmacokinet 2012;51:501-14
  • Baetta R, Corsini A. Pharmacology of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: similarities and differences. Drugs 2011;71:1441-67
  • Scheen AJ. Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors (gliptins): focus on drug-drug interactions. Clin Pharmacokinet 2010;49:573-88
  • Scheen AJ. Pharmacokinetic considerations for the treatment of diabetes in patients with chronic kidney disease. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013;9:529-50
  • Scheen AJ. Pharmacokinetics and clinical use of incretin-based therapies in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. Clin Pharmacokinet 2014;53(9):773-85
  • Craddy P, Palin HJ, Johnson KI. Comparative effectiveness of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and mixed treatment comparison. Diabetes Ther 2014;5:1-41
  • Scheen AJ, Charpentier G, Ostgren CJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin in combination with metformin compared with sitagliptin in combination with metformin in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2010;26:540-9
  • Rhee EJ, Lee WY, Min KW, et al. Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor gemigliptin compared with sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013;15:523-30
  • Guerci B, Monnier L, Serusclat P, et al. Continuous glucose profiles with vildagliptin versus sitagliptin in add-on to metformin: results from the randomized Optima study. Diabetes Metab 2012;38:359-66
  • Sakamoto M, Nishimura R, Irako T, et al. Comparison of vildagliptin twice daily vs. sitagliptin once daily using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM): crossover pilot study (J-VICTORIA study). Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012;11:92
  • Gross JL, Rogers J, Polhamus D, et al. A novel model-based meta-analysis to indirectly estimate the comparative efficacy of two medications: an example using DPP-4 inhibitors, sitagliptin and linagliptin, in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMJ open 2013. 3(3) pii: e001844. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001844
  • Li CJ, Liu XJ, Bai L, et al. Efficacy and safety of vildagliptin, saxagliptin or sitagliptin as add-on therapy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with dual combination of traditional oral hypoglycemic agents. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014;6:69
  • Farngren J, Persson M, Schweizer A, et al. Glucagon dynamics during hypoglycaemia and food-re-challenge following treatment with vildagliptin in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014;16:812-18
  • Farngren J, Persson M, Schweizer A, et al. Vildagliptin reduces glucagon during hyperglycemia and sustains glucagon counterregulation during hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:3799-806
  • Vardarli I, Arndt E, Deacon CF, et al. Effects of sitagliptin and metformin treatment on incretin hormone and insulin secretory responses to oral and “isoglycemic” intravenous glucose. Diabetes 2014;63:663-74
  • Wu T, Ma J, Bound MJ, et al. Effects of sitagliptin on glycemia, incretin hormones, and antropyloroduodenal motility in response to intraduodenal glucose infusion in healthy lean and obese humans and patients with type 2 diabetes treated with or without metformin. Diabetes 2014;63:2776-87
  • Aulinger BA, Bedorf A, Kutscherauer G, et al. Defining the role of GLP-1 in the enteroinsulinar axis in type 2 diabetes using DPP-4 inhibition and GLP-1 receptor blockade. Diabetes 2014;63:1079-92
  • Campbell JE, Drucker DJ. Pharmacology, physiology, and mechanisms of incretin hormone action. Cell Metab 2013;17:819-37
  • Aaboe K, Akram S, Deacon CF, et al. Restoration of the insulinotropic effect of GIP contributes to the antidiabetic effect of DPP-4-inhibitors. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014; Epub ahead of print
  • Omar B, Ahren B. Pleiotropic mechanisms for the glucose-lowering action of DPP-4 inhibitors. Diabetes 2014;63:2196-202
  • Scheen AJ. DPP-4 inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes: a critical review of head-to-head trials. Diabetes Metab 2012;38:89-101
  • Park H, Park C, Kim Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis. Ann Pharmacother 2012;46:1453-69
  • Scheen AJ, Paquot N. Metformin revisited: a critical review of the benefit-risk balance in at-risk patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab 2013;39:179-90
  • Imai C, Saito M, Mochizuki K, et al. Cotreatment with the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol and DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin improves glycemic control and reduces the expressions of CVD risk factors in type 2 diabetic Japanese patients. Metabolism 2014;63:746-53
  • Karagiannis T, Paschos P, Paletas K, et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the clinical setting: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2012;344:e1369
  • Scheen AJ, Paquot N. Gliptin versus a sulphonylurea as add-on to metformin. Lancet 2012;380:450-2
  • Esposito K, Cozzolino D, Bellastella G, et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and HbA1c target of <7% in type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011;13:594-603
  • Scheen AJ. Controversy about the relative efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitors. Diabetologia 2012;55:2848-9
  • Zhang Y, Hong J, Chi J, et al. Head-to-head comparison of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors and sulfonylureas - a meta-analysis from randomized clinical trials. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2014;30:241-56
  • Derosa G, Bonaventura A, Bianchi L, et al. Vildagliptin compared to glimepiride on post-prandial lipemia and on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. Metabolism 2014;63:957-67
  • Derosa G, Bonaventura A, Bianchi L, et al. Comparison of vildagliptin and glimepiride: effects on glycaemic control, fat tolerance and inflammatory markers in people with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2014; Epub ahead of print
  • Wu D, Li L, Liu C. Efficacy and safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and metformin as initial combination therapy and as monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014;16:30-7
  • Pratley RE, Fleck P, Wilson C. Efficacy and safety of initial combination therapy with alogliptin plus metformin versus either as monotherapy in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, 6-month study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014;16:613-21
  • Scheen AJ. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of sitagliptin plus metformin. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010;6:1265-76
  • Forst T, Bramlage P. Vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor for the twice-daily treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without metformin. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2014;15:1299-313
  • Scheen AJ. Metformin + saxagliptin for type 2 diabetes. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012;13:139-46
  • Scheen AJ. Linagliptin plus metformin : a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013;9:363-77
  • Scheen AJ. Efficacy and safety of Jentadueto(R) (linagliptin plus metformin). Expert Opin Drug Saf 2013;12:275-89
  • Holland DQ, Neumiller JJ. Alogliptin in combination with metformin and pioglitazone for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2014;7:277-88
  • Liu SC, Chien KL, Wang CH, et al. Efficacy and safety of adding pioglitazone or sitagliptin to patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled with metformin and a sulfonylurea. Endocr Pract 2013;19:980-8
  • Schernthaner G, Gross JL, Rosenstock J, et al. Canagliflozin compared with sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who do not have adequate glycemic control with metformin plus sulfonylurea: a 52-week randomized trial. Diabetes Care 2013;36:2508-15
  • Lukashevich V, Prato SD, Araga M, et al. Efficacy and safety of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with dual combination of metformin and sulphonylurea. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014;16:403-9
  • Moses RG, Kalra S, Brook D, et al. A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of saxagliptin as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control on metformin plus a sulphonylurea. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014;16:443-50
  • Owens DR, Swallow R, Dugi KA, et al. Efficacy and safety of linagliptin in persons with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by a combination of metformin and sulphonylurea: a 24-week randomized study(1). Diabet Med 2011;28:1352-61
  • Fonseca V, Staels B, Morgan JDII, et al. Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin and pioglitazone combination therapy in a randomized, placebo-controlled, 26-week trial in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2013;27:177-83
  • Derosa G, Cicero AF, Franzetti IG, et al. A randomized, double-blind, comparative therapy evaluating sitagliptin versus glibenclamide in type 2 diabetes patients already treated with pioglitazone and metformin: a 3-year study. Diabetes Technol Ther 2013;15:214-22
  • Bosi E, Ellis GC, Wilson CA, et al. Alogliptin as a third oral antidiabetic drug in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control on metformin and pioglitazone: a 52-week, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, parallel-group study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011;13:1088-96
  • DeFronzo RA, Burant CF, Fleck P, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of the DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin combined with pioglitazone, in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:1615-22
  • Charbonnel B, Schweizer A, Dejager S. Combination therapy with DPP-4 inhibitors and insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: what is the evidence? Hosp Pract (1995) 2013;41:93-107
  • Hong ES, Khang AR, Yoon JW, et al. Comparison between sitagliptin as add-on therapy to insulin and insulin dose-increase therapy in uncontrolled Korean type 2 diabetes: CSI study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012;14:795-802
  • Mori Y, Taniguchi Y, Miyazaki S, et al. Effects of add-on treatment with sitagliptin on narrowing the range of glucose fluctuations in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients receiving insulin therapy. Diabetes Technol Ther 2013;15:237-40
  • Kothny W, Foley J, Kozlovski P, et al. Improved glycaemic control with vildagliptin added to insulin, with or without metformin, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013;15:252-7
  • Schweizer A, Foley JE, Kothny W, et al. Clinical evidence and mechanistic basis for vildagliptin’s effect in combination with insulin. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2013;9:57-64
  • Barnett AH, Charbonnel B, Li J, et al. Saxagliptin add-on therapy to insulin with or without metformin for type 2 diabetes mellitus: 52-week safety and efficacy. Clin Drug Investig 2013;33:707-17
  • Yki-Jarvinen H, Rosenstock J, Duran-Garcia S, et al. Effects of adding linagliptin to basal insulin regimen for inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: a >/=52-week randomized, double-blind study. Diabetes Care 2013;36:3875-81
  • Kaku K, Kanoo T, Katou M, et al. Efficacy and safety of alogliptin added to insulin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes : a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an open-label, long-term extension. Exp Opin Pharmacother 2014;15(15):2121-30
  • Ahren B. Insulin plus incretin: a glucose-lowering strategy for type 2-diabetes. World journal of diabetes 2014;5:40-51
  • Hansen HH, Hansen G, Paulsen S, et al. The DPP-IV inhibitor linagliptin and GLP-1 induce synergistic effects on body weight loss and appetite suppression in the diet-induced obese rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2014;741:254-63
  • Jones RB, Vickers SP, Cheetham SC, et al. Effect of linagliptin, alone and in combination with voglibose or exendin-4, on glucose control in male ZDF rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2014;729:59-66
  • Burcelin R, Gourdy P, Dalle S. GLP-1-based strategies: a physiological analysis of differential mode of action. Physiology (Bethesda) 2014;29:108-21
  • Violante R, Oliveira JH, Yoon KH, et al. A randomized non-inferiority study comparing the addition of exenatide twice daily to sitagliptin or switching from sitagliptin to exenatide twice daily in patients with type 2 diabetes experiencing inadequate glycaemic control on metformin and sitagliptin. Diabet Med 2012;29:e417-24
  • Brunton S. GLP-1 receptor agonists vs. DPP-4 inhibitors for type 2 diabetes: is one approach more successful or preferable than the other? Int J Clin Pract 2014;68:557-67
  • Russell-Jones D, Cuddihy RM, Hanefeld M, et al. Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus metformin, pioglitazone, and sitagliptin used as monotherapy in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-4): a 26-week double-blind study. Diabetes Care 2012;35:252-8
  • Pratley R, Nauck M, Bailey T, et al. One year of liraglutide treatment offers sustained and more effective glycaemic control and weight reduction compared with sitagliptin, both in combination with metformin, in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, parallel-group, open-label trial. Int J Clin Pract 2011;65:397-407
  • Charbonnel B, Steinberg H, Eymard E, et al. Efficacy and safety over 26 weeks of an oral treatment strategy including sitagliptin compared with an injectable treatment strategy with liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin: a randomised clinical trial. Diabetologia 2013;56:1503-11
  • Ahren B, Johnson SL, Stewart M, et al. HARMONY 3: 104-week randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of albiglutide compared with placebo, sitagliptin, and glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes taking metformin. Diabetes Care 2014;37:2141-8
  • Scheen AJ, Radermecker RP. Addition of incretin therapy to metformin in type 2 diabetes. Lancet 2010;375:1410-12
  • Scheen AJ. GLP-1 receptor agonists or DPP-4 inhibitors: how to guide the clinician? Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2013;74:515-22
  • Scheen AJ. Pharmacodynamics, efficacy and safety of SGLT2 Inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Drugs 2014; In press
  • Friedrich C, Metzmann K, Rose P, et al. A randomized, open-label, crossover study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of empagliflozin and linagliptin after coadministration in healthy male volunteers. Clin Ther 2013;35:A33-42
  • Philis-Tsimikas A, Del Prato S, Satman I, et al. Effect of insulin degludec versus sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on oral antidiabetic agents. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013;15:760-6
  • Kim YG, Hahn S, Oh TJ, et al. Differences in the glucose-lowering efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors between Asians and non-Asians: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia 2013;56:696-708
  • Kim YG, Hahn S, Oh TJ, et al. Differences in the HbA1c-lowering efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues between Asians and non-Asians: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014;16(10):900-9
  • Iwasaki M, Hoshian F, Tsuji T, et al. Predicting efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes: association of glycated hemoglobin reduction with serum eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid levels. J Diabetes Invest 2012;3:464-7
  • Barzilai N, Guo H, Mahoney EM, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of sitagliptin monotherapy in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Curr Med Res Opin 2011;27:1049-58
  • Round EM, Engel SS, Golm GT, et al. Safety of sitagliptin in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a pooled analysis of 25 clinical studies. Drugs Aging 2014;31:203-14
  • Strain WD, Lukashevich V, Kothny W, et al. Individualised treatment targets for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes using vildagliptin add-on or lone therapy (INTERVAL): a 24 week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Lancet 2013;382:409-16
  • Schweizer A, Dejager S. Experience with vildagliptin in patients >/=75 years with type 2 diabetes and moderate or severe renal impairment. Diabetes Ther 2013;4:257-67
  • Pratley RE, Rosenstock J, Pi-Sunyer FX, et al. Management of type 2 diabetes in treatment-naive elderly patients: benefits and risks of vildagliptin monotherapy. Diabetes Care 2007;30:3017-22
  • Karyekar CS, Ravichandran S, Allen E, et al. Tolerability and efficacy of glycemic control with saxagliptin in older patients (aged >/= 65 years) with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Interv Aging 2013;8:419-30
  • Barnett AH, Huisman H, Jones R, et al. Linagliptin for patients aged 70 years or older with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with common antidiabetes treatments: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2013;382:1413-23
  • Schernthaner G, Barnett AH, Patel S, et al. Safety and efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a comprehensive analysis of data from 1331 individuals aged >/= 65 years. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014;16(11):1078-86
  • Rosenstock J, Wilson C, Fleck P. Alogliptin versus glipizide monotherapy in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with mild hyperglycaemia: a prospective, double-blind, randomized, 1-year study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013;15:906-14
  • Rathmann W, Kostev K, Gruenberger JB, et al. Treatment persistence, hypoglycaemia and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and sulphonylureas: a primary care database analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013;15:55-61
  • Ahren B. Avoiding hypoglycemia: a key to success for glucose-lowering therapy in type 2 diabetes. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2013;9:155-63
  • Graefe-Mody U, Friedrich C, Port A, et al. Effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011;13:939-46
  • Scheen AJ. Linagliptin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (pharmacokinetic evaluation). Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2011;7:1561-76
  • Shon JH, Kim N, Park SJ, et al. Effect of renal impairment and haemodialysis on the pharmacokinetics of gemigliptin (LC15-0444). Diabetes Obes Metab 2014;16(10):1028-31
  • Chan JC, Scott R, Arjona Ferreira JC, et al. Safety and efficacy of sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic renal insufficiency. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008;10:545-55
  • Arjona Ferreira JC, Marre M, Barzilai N, et al. Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin versus glipizide in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate-to-severe chronic renal insufficiency. Diabetes Care 2013;36:1067-73
  • Arjona Ferreira JC, Corry D, Mogensen CE, et al. Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes and ESRD receiving dialysis: a 54-week randomized trial. Am J Kidney Dis 2013;61:579-87
  • Lukashevich V, Schweizer A, Shao Q, et al. Safety and efficacy of vildagliptin versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate or severe renal impairment: a prospective 24-week randomized placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011;13:947-54
  • Kothny W, Shao Q, Groop PH, et al. One-year safety, tolerability and efficacy of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate or severe renal insufficiency. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012;14(11):1032-9
  • Lukashevich V, Schweizer A, Foley JE, et al. Efficacy of vildagliptin in combination with insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes and severe renal impairment. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2013;9:21-8
  • Ito M, Abe M, Okada K, et al. The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis. Endocr J 2011;58:979-87
  • Nowicki M, Rychlik I, Haller H, et al. Saxagliptin improves glycaemic control and is well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and renal impairment. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011;13:523-32
  • Nowicki M, Rychlik I, Haller H, et al. Long-term treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor saxagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and renal impairment: a randomised controlled 52-week efficacy and safety study. Int J Clin Pract 2011;65:1230-9
  • McGill JB, Sloan L, Newman J, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of linagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes and severe renal impairment: a 1-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Diabetes Care 2013;36:237-44
  • Groop PH, Del Prato S, Taskinen MR, et al. Linagliptin treatment in subjects with type 2 diabetes with and without mild-to-moderate renal impairment. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014;16:560-8
  • Fujii Y, Abe M, Higuchi T, et al. The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2013;14:259-67
  • Nakamura Y, Inagaki M, Shimizu T, et al. Long-term effects of alogliptin benzoate in hemodialysis patients with diabetes: a 2-year study. Nephron Clin Pract 2013;123:46-51
  • Sakai Y, Suzuki A, Mugishima K, et al. Effects of alogliptin in chronic kidney disease patients with type 2 diabetes. Intern Med 2014;53:195-203
  • Mikhail N. Use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. Postgrad Med 2012;124:138-44
  • Ramirez G, Morrison AD, Bittle PA. Clinical practice considerations and review of the literature for the use of DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Endocr Pract 2013;19:1025-34
  • Giorda CB, Nada E, Tartaglino B. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and renal or hepatic impairment. A systematic review of the literature. Endocrine 2014;46:406-19
  • Davis TM. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: pharmacokinetics, efficacy, tolerability and safety in renal impairment. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014;16(10):891-9
  • Scheen AJ. Pharmacokinetics in patients with chronic liver disease and hepatic safety of incretin-based therapies for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Pharmacokinet 2014;53:773-85
  • Kanazawa I, Tanaka K, Sugimoto T. DPP-4 inhibitors improve liver dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Med Sci Monit 2014;20:1662-7
  • Itou M, Kawaguchi T, Taniguchi E, et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4: a key player in chronic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19:2298-306
  • Monami M, Dicembrini I, Kundisova L, et al. A meta-analysis of the hypoglycaemic risk in randomized controlled trials with sulphonylureas in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014;16:833-40
  • Gitt AK, Bramlage P, Binz C, et al. Prognostic implications of DPP-4 inhibitor vs. sulfonylurea use on top of metformin in a real world setting - results of the 1 year follow-up of the prospective DiaRegis registry. Int J Clin Pract 2013;67:1005-14
  • Al-Arouj M, Hassoun AA, Medlej R, et al. The effect of vildagliptin relative to sulphonylureas in Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes fasting during Ramadan: the VIRTUE study. Int J Clin Pract 2013;67:957-63
  • Drucker DJ. Incretin action in the pancreas: potential promise, possible perils, and pathological pitfalls. Diabetes 2013;62:3316-23
  • Butler PC, Elashoff M, Elashoff R, et al. A critical analysis of the clinical use of incretin-based therapies: are the GLP-1 therapies safe? Diabetes Care 2013;36:2118-25
  • Singh S, Chang HY, Richards TM, et al. Glucagonlike peptide 1-based therapies and risk of hospitalization for acute pancreatitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based matched case-control study. JAMA internal medicine 2013;173:534-9
  • Elashoff M, Matveyenko AV, Gier B, et al. Pancreatitis, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer with glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies. Gastroenterology 2011;141:150-6
  • Butler AE, Campbell-Thompson M, Gurlo T, et al. Marked expansion of exocrine and endocrine pancreas with incretin therapy in humans with increased exocrine pancreas dysplasia and the potential for glucagon-producing neuroendocrine tumors. Diabetes 2013;62:2595-604
  • Bonner-Weir S, In’t Veld PA, Weir GC. Reanalysis of study of pancreatic effects of incretin therapy: methodological deficiencies. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014;16:661-6
  • Nauck MA. A critical analysis of the clinical use of incretin-based therapies: the benefits by far outweigh the potential risks. Diabetes Care 2013;36:2126-32
  • Scheen A. Gliptins (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors) and risk of acute pancreatitis. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2013;12:545-57
  • Scirica BM, Bhatt DL, Braunwald E, et al. Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1317-26
  • Raz I, Bhatt DL, Hirshberg B, et al. Incidence of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer in a randomized controlled multicenter trial (SAVOR-TIMI 53) of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor saxagliptin. Diabetes Care 2014;37(9):2435-41
  • White WB, Cannon CP, Heller SR, et al. Alogliptin after acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1327-35
  • Li L, Shen J, Bala MM, et al. Incretin treatment and risk of pancreatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and non-randomised studies. BMJ 2014;348:g2366
  • Meier JJ, Nauck MA. Risk of pancreatitis in patients treated with incretin-based therapies. Diabetologia 2014;57:1320-4
  • Ryder RE. The potential risks of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer with GLP-1-based therapies are far outweighed by the proven and potential (cardiovascular) benefits. Diabet Med 2013;30:1148-55
  • Egan AG, Blind E, Dunder K, et al. Pancreatic safety of incretin-based drugs–FDA and EMA assessment. N Engl J Med 2014;370:794-7
  • Scheen AJ, Charbonnel B. Effects of glucose-lowering agents on vascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a critical reappraisal. Diabetes Metab 2014;40:176-85
  • Holman RR, Sourij H, Califf RM. Cardiovascular outcome trials of glucose-lowering drugs or strategies in type 2 diabetes. Lancet 2014;383:2008-17
  • Ussher JR, Drucker DJ. Cardiovascular biology of the incretin system. Endocr Rev 2012;33:187-215
  • Scheen AJ. Cardiovascular effects of gliptins. Nat Rev Cardiol 2013;10:73-84
  • Scheen AJ. Cardiovascular effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: from risk factors to clinical outcomes. Postgrad Med 2013;125:7-20
  • Ussher JR, Drucker DJ. Cardiovascular actions of incretin-based therapies. Circ Res 2014;114:1788-803
  • Monami M, Lamanna C, Desideri CM, et al. DPP-4 inhibitors and lipids: systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Ther 2012;29:14-25
  • Monami M, Vitale V, Ambrosio ML, et al. Effects on lipid profile of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, pioglitazone, acarbose, and sulfonylureas: meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials. Adv Ther 2012;29:736-46
  • Nakamura K, Oe H, Kihara H, et al. DPP-4 inhibitor and alpha-glucosidase inhibitor equally improve endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes: EDGE study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014;13:110
  • Ayaori M, Iwakami N, Uto-Kondo H, et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors attenuate endothelial function as evaluated by flow-mediated vasodilatation in type 2 diabetic patients. J Am Heart Assoc 2013;2:e003277
  • Wu S, Hopper I, Skiba M, et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and cardiovascular outcomes: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials with 55,141 participants. Cardiovasc Ther 2014;32:147-58
  • Goldfine AB. Assessing the cardiovascular safety of diabetes therapies. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1092-5
  • Scirica BM, Braunwald E, Raz I, et al. Heart failure, saxagliptin and diabetes mellitus: observations from the SAVOR - TIMI 53 randomized trial. Circulation 2014; Epub ahead of print
  • Green JB, Bethel MA, Paul SK, et al. Rationale, design, and organization of a randomized, controlled Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS) in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease. Am Heart J 2013;166:983-9 e7
  • Rosenstock J, Marx N, Kahn SE, et al. Cardiovascular outcome trials in type 2 diabetes and the sulphonylurea controversy: rationale for the active-comparator CAROLINA trial. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2013;10:289-301
  • Mita T, Katakami N, Shiraiwa T, et al. Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of a clinical trial for prevention of atherosclerosis in patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus using DPP-4 inhibitor: the Sitagliptin Preventive study of Intima-media thickness Evaluation (SPIKE). Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014;6:35
  • Katakami N, Mita T, Yoshii H, et al. Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of a trial for the prevention of diabetic atherosclerosis using a DPP-4 inhibitor: the Study of Preventive Effects of Alogliptin on Diabetic Atherosclerosis (SPEAD-A). J Atheroscler Thromb 2013;20:893-902
  • van Genugten RE, van Raalte DH, Diamant M. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and preservation of pancreatic islet-cell function: a critical appraisal of the evidence. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012;14(2):101-11
  • Lee YS, Jun HS. Anti-diabetic actions of glucagon-like peptide-1 on pancreatic beta-cells. Metabolism 2014;63:9-19
  • Gallwitz B, Rosenstock J, Rauch T, et al. 2-year efficacy and safety of linagliptin compared with glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin: a randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2012;380:475-83
  • Esposito K, Chiodini P, Maiorino MI, et al. Glycaemic durability with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of long-term randomised controlled trials. BMJ open 2014;4:e005442
  • Del Prato S, Foley JE, Kothny W, et al. Study to determine the durability of glycaemic control with early treatment with a vildagliptin-metformin combination regimen vs. standard-of-care metformin monotherapy-the VERIFY trial: a randomized double-blind trial. Diabet Med 2014;31(10):1178-84
  • Schernthaner G, Schernthaner GH. Diabetic nephropathy: new approaches for improving glycemic control and reducing risk. J Nephrol 2013;26:975-85
  • Muskiet MH, Smits MM, Morsink LM, et al. The gut-renal axis: do incretin-based agents confer renoprotection in diabetes? Nature reviews Nephrology 2014;10:88-103
  • Tani S, Nagao K, Hirayama A. Association between urinary albumin excretion and low-density lipoprotein heterogeneity following treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin: a pilot study. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2013;13:443-50
  • Fujita H, Taniai H, Murayama H, et al. DPP-4 inhibition with alogliptin on top of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade ameliorates albuminuria via up-regulation of SDF-1alpha in type 2 diabetic patients with incipient nephropathy. Endocr J 2014;61:159-66
  • Goncalves A, Leal E, Paiva A, et al. Protective effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor sitagliptin in the blood-retinal barrier in a type 2 diabetes animal model. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012;14:454-63
  • Avogaro A, Fadini GP. The effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition on microvascular diabetes complications. Diabetes Care 2014;37:2884-94
  • Monami M, Dicembrini I, Mannucci E. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014;24:689-97
  • Krum H, Skiba M, Wu S, et al. Heart failure and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Eur J Heart Fail 2014;16:603-7
  • Scheen AJ. Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are favourable to glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists: yes. Eur J Intern Med 2012;23:126-31
  • Madsbad S. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are favourable to glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists: no. Eur J Intern Med 2012;23:132-6
  • Wang T, Gou Z, Wang F, et al. Comparison of GLP-1 analogues versus sitagliptin in the management of Type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of head-to-head studies. PLoS One 2014;9:e103798
  • Cornell S. Differentiating among incretin therapies: a multiple-target approach to type 2 diabetes. J Clin Pharm Ther 2012;37:510-24
  • Scheen AJ. Which incretin-based therapy for type 2 diabetes? Lancet 2014;384(9951):1325-7
  • Brown DX, Evans M. Choosing between GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors: a pharmacological perspective. J Nutr Metab 2012;2012:381713

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.