Bibliography
- MAYBERRY JF: Epidemiology and demographics of achalasia. Gasmointest. Endos. Clin. N Am. (2001) 11:235–247.
- WONG RKH, MAYDONOVITCH CL: Achalasia. In: The Esophagus (..?-d edit), Castell DO, Richter JE (Eds), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA (1999):185–213.
- VAEZI MF, RICHTER JE: Diagnosis and management of achalasia. Am. J. Gastroenterol (1999) 94:3406–3412.
- VELA ME RICHTER JE: Presentation and management of achalasia at a tertiary center - a complicated disease. Gastroenterolgy (2003) 124:A–236.
- VVEINSTEIN MC, STASON WB:Foundations of cost-effectiveness analysis for health and medical practices.N Engl. I Med. (1977) 296:716–721.
- PROVENZALE D, LIPS COM J:Cost-effectiveness: definitions and use inthe gastroenterology literature. Am. J.Gastroenterol (1996) 91:1488–1493.
- PARKMAN H, REYNOLDS J,OUYANG A et al.: Pneumatic dilatation or esophagomyotomy treatment for idiopathic achalasia: clinical outcomes and cost analysis. Dig. Dis. Sci. (1993) 38:75–85.
- SPECHLER SJ: AGA technical review on treatment of patients with dysphagia caused by benign disorders of the distal esophagus.Gastroenterology (1999) 117:223–254.
- VAEZI ME RICHTER JE: Current therapies for achalasia: comparison and efficacy.' Clin. Gastroenterol (1998) 27:21–35.
- •A good review of treatments for achalasia.
- GELFOND M, ROZEN P, GILAT T:Isosorbide dinitrate and nifedipine treatment of achalasia: a clinical, manometric and radionuclide evaluation.Gastroenterology (1982) 83:963–969.
- BORTOLOTTI M, MARI C,LOPILATO C et al: Effects of sildenafil on esophageal motility of patients with idiopathic achalasia. Gastroenterology (2000) 118:253–257.
- BANBURY MK, RICE TW,GOLDBLUM JR et al.: Esophagectomywith gastric reconstruction for achalasia.Thome. Cardiovasc. &lig. (1999) 117:1077–1085.
- PASRICHA PJ, RAVICH WJ, HENDRIX TR et al.: Intrasphincteric botulinum toxin for the treatment of achalasia. N Engl. J. Med. (1995) 322:774–778.
- PASRICHA PJ, RUDRA R, RAVICH WJet al.: Botulinum toxin for achalasia: long-term outcome and predictors of response. Gastroenterology (1996) 110:1410–1415.
- VAEZI MJ, RICHTER JE, WILCOX CMet al.: Botulinum toxin versus pneumaticdilation in the treatment of achalasia: a randomized trial. Gut (1999) 44:231–239.
- •A randomised, controlled trial.
- ANNESE V, BASCIANI M, PERRI F et al:Controlled trial of botulinum toxin injection versus placebo and pneumatic dilation in achalasia. Gastroenterology (1996) 111:1418–1424.
- MIKAELI J, FAZEL A, MONTAZERI Get al.: Randomized controlled trial comparing botulinum toxin injection to pneumatic dilatation for the treatment of achalasia. Aliment. Pharmacol Titer. (2001) 15:1389–1396.
- WEST RL, HIRSCH DP,BATELSMAN JF et al.: Long term results of pneumatic dilatation in achalasia followed for more than 5 years. Am. J. Gastroenterol (2002) 97:1346–1351.
- ••A retrospective review of PD withlong-term follow-up.
- KADAKIA SC, WONG RKH: Pneumatic balloon dilation for esophageal achalasia. Gastrointest. Endosc. Clin. North Am. (2001) 11:325–345.
- AMJAD A, PELLEGRINI CA: Laparoscopic myotomy: technique and efficacy in treating achalasia. Gastrointest. Endosc. Clin. North Am. (2001) 11:347–357.
- RICHTER JE: Oesophageal motility disorders. Lancet (2001) 358:823–828.
- SPIESS AE, KAHRILAS PJ: Treating achalasia: from whalebone to laparoscope. JAMA (1998) 280:638–642.
- •A good review of the treatments for achalasia.
- CSENDES A, BRAGHETTO I, HENRIQUEZ A et al.: Late results of a prospective randomized study comparing forceful dilatation and esophagomyotomy in patients with achalasia. Gut (1989) 30:299–304.
- KJELLIN AP, GRANQUIST S, RAMEL S,THOR KBA: Laparoscopic myotomy without fundoplication in patients with achalasia. Ear: J. Sing. (1999) 165:1162–1166.
- SWANSTROM LL, PENNINGS J: Laparoscopic esophagomyotomy for achalasia. Slug. Endosc. (1995) 9:286–272.
- VELA MF, RICHTER JE: Treatment of esophageal motility disorders: achalasia, and spastic motor disorders. In: Evidence Based Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2'd ed.& Burroughs A, Feagan B, McDonald J (Eds), London: Br. Med. I Books, (2003) (In Press).
- •A good review with an evidence-based approach.
- DI SIMONE P, FELICE V, D'ERRICO A et al: Onset timing of delayed complications and criteria of follow-up after operation for esophageal achalasia. Ann. Thorne. Surg. (1996) 61:1106–1111.
- PANACCIONE T, GREGOR JC, REYNOLDS RPE, PREIKSAITIS HG: Intrasphincteric botulinum toxin versus pneumatic dilatation for achalasia: a cost minimization analysis. Gastrointest. Enclose. (1999) 50:492–298.
- ••A decision model cost-analysis.
- GHOSHAL UC, AGGARWAL R, KUMAR S, NAIK SR: Pneumatic dilatation versus intrasphincteric botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of achalasia cardia in India: an economic analysis. Indian .1. Gastroenterol (2002) 21:193–196.
- ZARATE N, MEARIN F, BALD OVINO Fet al.: Achalasia treatment in the elderly: is botulinum toxin injection the best option? Eur. Gastroenterol Hepatol (2002) 14:285–290.
- ALLESCHER HD, STORR M, SEIGE M et al.: Treatment of achalasia: botulinumtoxin injection versus pneumatic balloon dilation. A prospective study with long-term follow-up. Endoscopy (2001) 31:1007–1017.
- ANCONA E, ANSELMINO M, ZANINOTTO G et al.: Esophageal achalasia: laparoscopic versus conventional open Heller-Dor operation. Am.' Surg. (1995) 170:265–270.
- IMPERIALE TF, O'CONNOR JB, VAEZI MF et al.: A cost analysis of alternative treatment strategies for achalasia. Am.j Gastroenterol (2000) 85:2737–2745.
- ••A cost-minimisation model.
- O'CONNOR JB, SINGER ME, IMPERIALE TF, VAEZI MERICHTER JE: The cost-effectiveness of treatment strategies for achalasia. Dig. Dis. ScL (2002) 47(7):1516–1525.
- ••A cost-effectiveness model with quality oflife assessment.
Websites
- http://www.uptodate.com/index.asp BONIS PAL, WONG JB: A short primer on cost-effectiveness analysis. UpToDate (2003). Acessed August 30, 2003.