Bibliography
- BRAUNWALD E: The open artery theory is alive and well again. N Engl. J. Med. (1993) 329:1650–1652.
- The effects of tissue plasminogen activator, streptokinase, or both on coronary-artery patency, ventricular function, and survival after acute myocardial infarction. The GUSTO Angiographic Investigators. N. Engl. J. Med. (1993) 329:1615–1622.
- A clinical trial comparing primary coronary angioplasty with tissue plasminogen activator for acute myocardial infarction. GUSTO IIb investigators. N. Engl. J. Med. (1997) 336:1621–1628.
- GRINES CL, BROWNE KF, MARCO J et al.: A comparison of immediate angioplasty with thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. The Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction Study Group. N Engl. J. Med. (1993) 328:673–679.
- DE BOER MJ, HOORNTJE JC, OTTERVANGER JP, REIFFERS S, SURYAPRANATA H: Immediate coronary angioplasty versus intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction: left ventricular ejection fraction, hospital mortality and reinfarction. film. Coll Cardiol. (1994) 23:1004–1008.
- WEAVER WD, SIMES RJ, BETRIU A et al.: Comparison of primary coronary angioplasty and intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a quantitative review. JAMA (1997) 278:2093–2098.
- RYAN TJ, ANTMAN EM, BROOKS NHet al: 1999 update: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction). J. Am. Coll Cardiol (1999) 34:890–911.
- Indications for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: collaborative overview of early mortality and major morbidity results from all randomised trials of more than 1000 patients. Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialists' (FTT) Collaborative Group. Lancet (1994) 343:311–322.
- BERKOWITZ SD, GRANGER CB, PIEPER KS et al: Incidence and predictors of bleeding after contemporary thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction: The Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded coronary arteries (GUSTO) I investigators. Circulation (1997) 95:2508–2516.
- An international randomized trial comparing four thrombolytic strategies for acute myocardial infarction. The GUSTO investigators. N Engl. J. Med. (1993) 329:673–682.
- LLEVADOT J, GIUGLIANO RP, ANTMAN EM: Bolus fibrinolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. JAMA (2001) 286:442–449.
- KEYT BA, PAONI NE REFINO CJ et al: A faster-acting and more potent form of tissue plasminogen activator. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1994) 91:3670–3674.
- PAONI NE KEYT BA, REFINO CJ et al: A slow clearing, fibrin-specific, PAI-1 resistant variant of tPA (T103N, KHRR 296-299 AAAA). Thromb. Haemost. (1993) 70:307–312.
- GIBSON CM, MARBLE SJ: Issues in theassessment of the safety and efficacy of tenecteplase (TNK-tPA). Chit. Cardiol. (2001) 24:577–584.
- BENEDICT CR, REFINO CJ, KEYT BA et al.: New variant of human tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) with enhanced efficacy and lower incidence of bleeding compared with recombinant human TPA. Circulation (1995) 92:3032–3040.
- CANNON CP, MCCABE CH, GIBSON CM et al.: TNK-tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction. Results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 10A dose-ranging trial. Circulation (1997) 95:351–356.
- MUELLER HS, RAO AK, FORMAN SA: Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI): comparative studies of coronary reperfusion and systemic fibrinogenolysis with two forms of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator. J. Am. Coll Cardiol. (1987) 10:479–490.
- VANDESCHUEREN S, BARRIOS L, KERDSINCHAI P et al: A recombinant trial of recombinant staphylokinase versus alteplase for coronary artery patency in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation (1995) 92:2044–2049.
- MODI NB, FOX NL, CLOW FW et al:Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tenecteplase: results from a Phase II study in patients with acute myocardial infarction. J. Chit. Pharmacol. (2000) 40:508–515.
- CANNON CP, GIBSON CM, MCCABE CH et al: TNK-tissue plasminogen activator compared with front-loaded alteplase in acute myocardial infarction: results of the TIMI 10B trial. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 10B Investigators. Circulation (1998) 98:2805–2814.
- GIUGLIANO RP, CANNON CP, MCCABE CH, VAN DE WERF F, BRAUNWALD E: Lower-dose heparin with thrombolysis is associated with lower rates of intracranial hemorrhage: results from TIMI 10B and ASSENT 1. Circulation (1997) 96:1–535.
- GIBSON CM, CANNON CP, MURPHY SA et al.: Weight-adjusted dosing of TNK-tissue plasminogen activator and its relation to angiographic outcomes in the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 10B trial. TIMI 10B Investigators. Am. J. Cardiol (1999) 84:976–980.
- GIBSON CM, MURPHY SA, RIZZO MJ et al.: Relationship between TIMI frame count and clinical outcomes after thrombolytic administration. Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Study Group. Circulation (1999) 99:1945–1950.
- WANG-CLOW F, FOX NL, CANNON CP et al.: Determination of a weight-adjusted dose of TNK-tissue plasminogen activator. Am. Heart. 1 (2001) 141:33-40.
- GIBSON CM, CANNON CP MURPHY SA, MARBLE SJ, BARRON HV, BRAUNWALD E: Relationship of the TIMI myocardial perfusion grades, flow grades, frame count, and percutaneous coronary intervention to long-term outcomes after thrombolytic administration in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation (2002) 105:1909–1913.
- VAN DE WERF E CANNON CP, LUYTEN A et al.: Safety assessment of single-bolus administration of TNK tissue-plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction: the ASSENT-1 trial. The ASSENT-1 Investigators. Am. Heart 1. (1999) 137:786–791.
- Single-bolus tenecteplase compared with front-loaded alteplase in acute myocardial infarction: the ASSENT-2 double-blind randomised trial. Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Thrombolytic Investigators. Lancet (1999) 354:716–722.
- A comparison of reteplase with alteplase for acute myocardial infarction. The Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO III) Investigators. N Engl. I Med. (1997) 337:1118–1123.
- CANNON CP: Thrombolysis medication errors: benefits of bolus thrombolytic agents. Am. J. Cardiol (2000) 85:17C–22C.
- ALEXANDER J, LI X, CHIN R: Safety and efficacy of 50 mg of TNK-tPA in patients with acute myocardial infarction: results from ASSENT-2. Circulation (2000) 102:11–258.
- Efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in combination with enoxaparin, abciximab, or unfractionated heparin: the ASSENT-3 randomised trial in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet (2001) 358:605–613.
- ANTMAN EM, LOUWERENBURG HW, BAARS HF et al.: Enoxaparin as adjunctive antithrombin therapy for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: results of the ENTIRE-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 23 trial. Circulation (2002) 105: 1642-1649.
- Prehospital thrombolytic therapy in patientswith suspected acute myocardial infarction. The European Myocardial Infarction Project Group. N Erigl. J. Med. (1993) 329:383–389.
- RAWLES J, FOR THE GREAT GROUP: Halving of mortality at one year by domiciliary thrombolysis in the Grampian Region Early Anistreplase Trial (GREAT). J. Am. Coll Cardiol (1994) 23:1–5.
- WALLENTIN L: The ASSENT-3 pre-hospitalization satellite study, presented on behalf of ASSENT-3 PLUS investigators. 79' Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association, Chicago, USA (2002).
- ARMSTRONG PW, GRANGER C, VAN DE WERF F: Bolus fibrinolysis: risk, benefit, and opportunities. Circulation (2001) 103:1171–1173.
- Randomised, double-blind comparison of reteplase double-bolus administration with streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction (INJECT): trial to investigate equivalence. International Joint Efficacy Comparison of Thrombolytics. Lancet (1995) 346:329–336.
- GURWITZ JH, GORE JM, GOLDBERG RJ et al: Risk for intra-cranial hemorrhage after tissue plasminogen activator treatment for acute myocardial infarction. Participants in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2. Ann. Intern. Med. (1998) 129:597–604.
- VAN DE WERF F, BARRON HV, ARMSTRONG PW et al.: Incidence and predictors of bleeding events after fibrinolytic therapy with fibrin-specific agents: a comparison of TNK-tPA and rt-PA. Eur. Heart J. (2001) 22:2253–2261.
- THIEMANN DR, CORESH J, SCHULMAN SP, GERSTENBLITH G: Lack of benefit for intravenous thrombolysis in patients with myocardial infarction who are older than 75 years. Circulation (2000) 101:2239–2246.
- AYANIAN JZ, BRAUNWALD E: Thrombolytic therapy for patients with myocardial infarction who are older than 75 years: do the risks outweigh the benefits? Circulation (2000) 101:2224.
- ANTMAN EM, WILCOX RG, GIUGLIANO RP et al: Long-Term comparison of lanoteplase and alteplase in ST elevation myocardial infarction: 6 Month follow-up in the TIME-II trial. Circulation (1999) 100:1–498.
- MURPHY SA, GIBSON CM, VAN DE WERF F: Comparison of errors in estimating weight and in dosing of single-bolus tenecteplase with tissue plasminogen activator (TIMI 10B and ASSENT-1). Am. J. Cardiol (2002) 90:51–54.
- GIBSON CM: Weight-adjusted dosing of fibrinolytic agents. The good and the bad. 73m Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association, New Orleans, USA (2000).
- ANGEJA BG, ALEXANDER JH, CHIN R et al.: Safety of the weight-adjusted dosing regimen of tenecteplase in the ASSENT-Trial. Am. 1. Cardiol (2001) 88:1240–1245.
Websites
- www.americanheartorg/downloadable/heart/ 1023898043312CVD_stats.pdf American Heart Association website (2002).
- http://www.gene.com/gene/products/ information/cardiovascularhnkase/insertjsp TNKase prescribing information. Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.