Antifungal therapy for keratomycoses

Bibliography

• WHITCHER JP, SRINIVASAN M, UPADHYAY MP: Prevention of corneal ulceration in the developing world. Int. Ophthalmol Clin. (2002) 42(1):71–77.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'DAY DM: New antifungal drugs in ophthalmology. hat. Ophthalmol Clin. (1996) 36(2):45–51.
   Google Scholar
• THOMAS PA: Mycotic keratitis: an underestimated mycosis. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. (1994) 32:295–297.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LEBER TH: Keratomycosis aspergillina als ursache von hypopyon keratitis. Craefes. Arch. Ophthalmol (1879) 25:285–301.
   Google Scholar
• MICHELE M: Fungal keratitis. Review. Int. Ophthalmol Clin. (1998) 38:115–123.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GOPINATHAN U, GARG P, FERNANDES M, SHARMA S, ATHMANATHAN S, RAO GN: The epidemiological features and laboratory results of fungal keratitis.Cornea (2002) 21(6):555–559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •The paper describes the presentation of a large series of mycotic keratitis and demonstrates the usefulness of laboratory methods in the diagnosis.
   Google Scholar
• SRINIVASAN M, GONSALES CA, GEORGE C et al.: Epidemiology and aetiological diagnosis of corneal ulceration in Madurai, south India.Br: J. Ophthalmol (1997) 81:965–971.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROSA RH Jr, MILLER D, ALFONSO EC: The changing spectrum of fungal keratitis in south Florida. Ophthalmology(1994) 101:1005–1013.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HAGAN M, WRIGHT E, NEWMAN M, JOHNSON G: Causes of suppurative keratitis in Ghana. Br. J. Ophthalmol (1995) 79:1024–1028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TANURE MAG, COHEN EJ, SUDESH S, RAPUANO CJ, LAIBSON PR. Spectrum of fungal keratitis at Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Cornea (2000) 19(3): 307–312.
   Google Scholar
• KARP CL, TULI SS, Y00 SH et al: Infectious keratitis after LASIK. Ophthalmology (2003) 110:503–510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAMCELIK N, OZDAMAR A, KIZILKAYA M, DEVRANOGLU K, USTUNDAG C, DEMIRKESEN C: Fungal keratitis after nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery. Cornea (2002) 21(5):532–534.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SRIDHAR MS, GOPINATHAN U,RAO GN: Fungal keratitis associated with vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Cornea (2003) 22(1):80–81.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KISLA TA, CU-UNJIENG A, SIGLER L, SUGAR J: Medical management of Beauveria bassiana keratitis.Cornea (2000) 19(3):405–406.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SHIN JY, KIM HM, HONG JW: Keratitis caused by Verticillium species. Cornea (2002) 21(2):240–242.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WU Z, YING H, YIU S, IRVINE J, SMITH R: Fungal keratitis caused by Scedosporium apiospermum. Report of two cases and review of treatment. Cornea (2002) 21(5):519–523.
   Google Scholar
• WEICHEL ED, BOWER KS, WARD TP, HIDAYAT A: Epicorneal aspergilloma after penetrating keratoplasty. Cornea (2002) 21(8):825–827.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DURSUN D, FERNANDEZ V, MILLER D, ALFONSO EC: Advanced Fusarium keratitis progressing to endophthalmitis. Cornea (2003) 22(4):300–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SRIDHAR MS, SHARMA S, GOPINATHAN U, RAO GN: Anterior chamber tap. Diagnostic and therapeuticindications in the management of ocular infections. Cornea (2002) 21(7):718–722.
   Google Scholar
• GAUDIO PA, GOPINATHAN U, SANGWAN V, HUGHES TE: Polymerase chain reaction based detection of fungi in infected corneas. Br. J. Ophthalmol (2002) 86:755–760.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •Highlights an important emerging new modality for the diagnosis of fungal corneal infections.
   Google Scholar
• FERRER C, MUNOZ G, ALIO JL, COLOM F: Polymerase chain reaction diagnosis in fungal keratitis caused by Alternaria alternata. Am. J. Ophthalmol (2002) 133:398–399.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• AVUNDUK AM, BEUERMAN RW, VARNELL ED, KAUFMAN HE: Confocal microscopy of Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis. Br. J. Ophthalmol (2003) 87:409–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Demonstrates the usefulness of the confocal microscope in detecting the presence of fungi in the cornea in vivo.
   Google Scholar
• LECK AK, THOMAS PA, HAGAN M et al.: Aetiology of suppurative corneal ulcers in Ghana and south India, and epidemiology of fungal keratitis.Br. J. Ophthalmol (2002) 86:1211–1215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEMP MA, BLACKMAN HJ,KOFFLER BH: Therapy for bacterial and fungal infections. hat. Ophthalmol Clin.(1980) 20(3):135–147.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MANZOURI B, VAFIDIS GC,WYSE RKH: Pharmacotherapy of fungaleye infections. Expert. Opin. Pharmacother.(2001) 2(11):1849–1857.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'BRIEN TP, GREEN WR: Fungus infections of the eye and periocular tissues. In: Pathobiology of ocular disease: a dynamic approach, Part A (2'd edit). Garner A, Klintworth GK (Eds), Marcel Dekker, New York, USA (1994):299–333.
   Google Scholar
• BEHRENS-BAUMANN W: Topical antimycotics in ophthalmology.Ophthalmologica (1997) 211\(Supp1.1):33–38.
   Google Scholar
• BEHRENS-BAUMANN W: Mycosis of the eye and its adnexa. Dev. Ophthalmol. (1999) 32.
   Google Scholar
• NULENS E, EGGINK C, VERWEIJ PE: Combination therapy for keratitis by the fungus Scedosporium. Cornea (2003) 22(1):92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MARTIN MJ, RAHMAN MR, JOHNSON GJ, SRINIVASAN M, CLAYTON YM: Mycotic keratitis: susceptibility to antiseptic agents.Int. Ophthalmol. (1996) 19:299–302.
   Google Scholar
• PERRY HD, DOSHI SJ,DONNENFELD ED, BAI GS: Topical cyclosporine A in the management of therapeutic keratoplasty for mycotic keratitis. Cornea (2002) 21(2):161–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •The use of cydosporin A may help salvage corneal grafts performed for therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty.
   Google Scholar
• BRAITBERG J, ELBERG S,MADDOCK J, KOBAYASHI G, SCHLESINGER D, MADDOCK G: Stimulatory, permeabilizing, and toxic effects of amphotericin B on L-cells. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. (1984) 26:892–897.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BOLARD J, LEGRAND P, HEITZ F, CYBULSKA V: One-sided action of amphotericin B on cholesterol-containing membranes is determined by its self-association in the medium.Biochemistry (Most) (1991) 30:5707–5715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SANDRA FS, RUSSEL LJ: Immunopotentiating effects of amphotericin B: 1. Enhanced contact sensitivity in mice. J. Immunol.(1979) 123:2878–2882.
   Google Scholar
• MARTIN E, STUBEN A, GORZ A, WELLER U, BHAKDI S: Novel aspect of amphotericin B action: accumulation in human monocytes potentiates killing of phagocytosed Candida albicans. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother: (1994) 38:13–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HO PC, TOLENTINO Fl, BAKER AS: Successful treatment of exogenous Aspergillus endophthalmitis: a case report. Br. J. Ophthalmol. (1984) 68:412–415.
   Google Scholar
• KURIAKOSE T, KOTHARI M, PAUL P, JACOB P, THOMAS R: Intracameral amphotericin B injection in the management of deep keratomycosis. Cornea (2002) 21(7):653–656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Promising new approach to the treatmentof advanced mycotic keratitis.
   Google Scholar
• KAUSHIK S, RAM J, BRAR GS, JAIN AK, CHAKRABORTI A, GUPTA A: Intracameral amphotericin B. Initial experience in severe keratomycosis. Cornea (2001) 20(7):715–719.
   Google Scholar
• ••Promising new approach to the treatmentof advanced mycotic keratitis.
   Google Scholar
• MADDUX MS, BARRIERE SL: A review of complications of amphotericin B therapy: recommendations for prevention and management. Drug. Intell. Clin. Pharm.(1980) 177–181.
   Google Scholar
• BUTLER WT, BENNETT JE, ALLING DW, WERTLAKE PT, UTZ JP, HILL GJ: Nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B: early and late effects in 81 patients. Ann. Intern. Med. (1964) 61:175–187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOLDBLUM D, FRUEH BE,ZIMMERLI S, BOHNKE M: Treatment of postkeratitis Fusarium endophthalmitis with amphotericin B lipid complex. Cornea (2000) 19(6):853–856.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEDOFF G: Antifungal action of rifampin. Rev Infect. Dis. (1983) 5 (Suppl. 3):5614–5619.
   Google Scholar
• EDWARDS J, MORRISON J,HENDERSON D, MONTGOMERIE J. Combined effective amphotericin B and rifampin on Candida species. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. (1980) 17:484–487.
   Google Scholar
• BRAITBERG J, KOBAYASHI D, MEDOFF J, KOBAYASHI G. Antifungal action of amphotericin B in combination with other polyene or imidazole antibiotics..1. Infect. Dis. (1982) 146:138–146.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MASON J, PARKER J: Subconjunctival miconazole and anterior segment blastomycosis. Am. J. Ophthalmol. (1993) 116:506–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'DAY DM, ROBINSON R, HEAD WS: Efficacy of antifungal agents in the corneaInvest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (1983) 24:1098–1102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'DM DM. Selection of appropriate antifungal therapy. Cornea (1987) 6:235–245.
   Google Scholar
• BOSSCHE VH, MARICHAL P: Mode of action of anti-Candida drugs: focus on terconazole and other ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors. Am. J. Obstet. Cynecol. (1991) 165:1193–1199.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• YAMAGUCHI H, ABE S, TOKUDA Y: Immunomodulating activity of antifungal drugs. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (1993) 685:447–457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PRAJNA NV, JOHN RK,NIRMALAN PK, LALITHA P, SRINIVASAN M: A randomized clinical trial comparing 2% econazole and 5% natamycin for the treatment of fungal keratitis. Br. J. Ophthalmol. (2003) 87:1235–1237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAO SK, MADHAVAN HN, RAO G, PADMANABHAN P: Fluconazole in filamentous fungal keratitis.Cornea (1997) 16:700.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •Emphasises that fluconazole may not be suitable as the primary antifungal agent in the treatment of fungal keratitis.
   Google Scholar
• SHAH KB, WU TG, WILHELMUS KR, JONES DB: Activity of voriconazole against corneal isolates of Scedosporium apiospermum. Cornea (2003) 22(1):33–36.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SPONSEL WE, GRAYBILL JR, NEVAREZ HL, DANG D: Ocular and systemic posaconazole (SCH-56592) treatment of invasive Fusarium solani keratitis and endophthalmitis.Br. J. Ophthalmol. (2002) 86(7):829–30
   Google Scholar
• SCHREIBER W, OLBRISCH A, VORWERK CK, KONIG W, BEHRENS-BAUMANN W: Combinedtopical fluconazole and corticosteroid treatment for experimental Candida albicans keratomycosis. Invest. Ophthalmol. 1/is. Sci. (2003) 44:2634–2643.
   Google Scholar
• BELL NP, KARP CL, ALFONSO EC, SCHIFFMAN J, MILLER D:Effects of methylprednisolone and cyclosporine A on fungal growth in vitro. Cornea (1999) 18(3):306–313.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• INOUE T, INOUE Y, ASARI S et al: Utility of Etest in choosing appropriate agents to treat fungal keratitis.Cornea (2001) 20(0607–609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •This test has promise in the detection of antifungal drug sensitivity, which may improve the specificity of antifungal treatment.
   Google Scholar
• Y00 SH, DURSUN D, DUBOVY S et al:Iontophoresis for the treatment of Paecilomyces keratitis.Cornea (2002) 21(1):131–132.
   Google Scholar
• GARG P, GOPINATHAN U, NUTHETI R, RAO GN: Clinicalexperience with n-butyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive in fungal keratitis.Cornea (2003) 22(5):405–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •A useful modality in the treatment of fungal keratitis resulting in loss of corneal integrity.
   Google Scholar
• KIM JS, KIM JC, HAHN TW, PARK WC: Amniotic membrane transplantation in infectious corneal ulcer. Cornea (2001) 20(7):720–726.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MA DHK, WANG SF, SU WY, TSAI RJF: Amniotic membrane graft for the management of scleral melting and corneal perforation in recalcitrant infectious scleral and corneo-scleral ulcers.Cornea (2002) 21(3):275–283.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• XIE L, SHI W, LIU Z, LI S: Lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of fungal keratitis. Cornea (2002) 21(1):33–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Describes the outcomes of a large series of patients undergoing lamellar corneal surgery for the eradication of fungal keratitis.
   Google Scholar
• KILLINGS WORTH DW, STERN GA,DRIEBE WT, KNAPP A, DRAGON DM: Results of therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty. Ophthalmology (1993) 100:534–541.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WONG TY, NG TP, FONG KS, TAN DT:Risk factors and clinical outcomes between fungal and bacterial keratitis: a comparative study. CLAW. (1997) 23:275–281.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• VEMUGANTI GK, GARG P,GOPINATHAN U, NADUVILATH et al: Evaluation of agent and host factors in progression of mycotic keratitis. A. Histologic and microbiologic study of
   Google Scholar
• corneal buttons. Ophthalmology (2002) 109:1538–1546.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar