Bibliography
- WITTCHEN H-U, ZHAO S, KESSLER RC, EATON WW: DSM-III-R generalized anxiety disorder in the national comorbidity survey. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (1994) 51:355–364.
- KATON W, VON KORFF M, LINE E et al.: Distressed high utilizers of medical care DSM-III-R diagnoses and treatment needs. Gen Hosp. Psychiatry (1990) 12:355–362.
- BALLENGER JC, DAVIDSON JRT LECRUBIER Y et al.: Consensus Statement on Generalized Anxiety Disorder from the International Consensus Group on Depression and Anxiety. I Clin. Psychiatry (2001) 62\(Suppl. 11):53–58.
- •Discusses treatment strategies for GAD, first-line and otherwise, as well as giving a general overview of the risks and benefits of the different classes of medications used to treat GAD.
- WITTCHEN H-U, BOYER P: Screening for anxiety disorders: sensitivity and specifity of the anxiety screening questionnaire (ASQ-15). Br. I Psychiatry Sapp]. (1998) 34:10–17.
- AKISKAL HS: Toward a definition of generalized anxiety disorder as an anxious temperament type. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. (1998) 98\(Suppl. 393):66–73.
- RICKELS K, SCHWEIZER E: Long term treatment of anxiety disorders: Maintenance treatment studies in anxiety disorders: Some methodological notes. Psychopharmacol Bull. (1995) 31:115–123.
- STEIN DJ: Comorbidity in generalized anxiety disorder: impact and implications. Clin. Psychiatry (2001) 62\(Suppl. 11):29–34.
- FRANCES A, FIRST MB, PINCUS HA, WIDIGER TA: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edit) Text Revision. American Psychiatric Association (2000):429–484.
- RYNN MA, SIQUELAND L, RICKELS K: Sertraline in children with generalized anxiety disorder: a controlled study. Am. j Psychiatry (2001) 158:2008–2014.
- WITTCHEN H-U, LINDEN M, SCHWARZER W, REIMANN D, BOERNER RJ, BANDELOW: GAD-P Studie. Bundesweite Studie `Generalisierte Angst und Depression im primaeraerztlichen Bereich'. Fortschr. Med. (2001) 119(Sonderheft 1):1–49.
- MAISSON AO, WARSHAW MG, KELLER MB: Quality of life and psychiatric comorbidity in panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry (1993) 150:600–607.
- RAJ A, SHEEHAN DV: Antidepressants in the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder. In: Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Symptomatology, Pathogenesis and Management. Nutt D, Rickels K, Stein DJ (Eds), Martin Dunitz Ltd., London, UK (2002):137–152.
- NUTT DJ, BAILEY DJ: The Neurobiology of Generalized Anxiety Disorder. In: Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Symptomatology, Pathogenesis and Management. Nutt D, Rickels K, Stein DJ (Eds), Martin Dunitz Ltd., London, UK (2002)59–70.
- STAHL S: Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Bash and Practical Applications (2'd edit). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK (2000):199–364.
- STAHL SM: Don't Ask, Don't Tell, but Benzodiazepines Are Still the Leading Treatments for Anxiety Disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry (200 2) 63(9):756–757.
- HOEHN-SARIC R, MCLEOD DR, ZIMMERLI WD: Differential effects of alprazolam and imipramine in generalized anxiety disorder: somatic versus psychic symptoms.' Clin. Psychiatry (1988) 49:293–301.
- •Describes the concepts of somatic versus psychic anxiety, and how the benzodiazepines are more effective in treating somatic symptoms, whereas the antidepressants are more efficacious in treating psychic symptoms.
- RICKELS K, DOWNING RW, SCHWEIZER E, HASSMAN H: Antidepressants for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder- a placebo-controlled comparison of imipramine, trazodone and diazepam. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (1993) 50:884–895.
- •Describes the concepts of somatic versus psychic anxiety, and how the benzodiazepines are more effective in treating somatic symptoms, whereas the antidepressants are more efficacious in treating psychic symptoms.
- NINAN PT, COLE JO, YONKERS KA: Nonbenzodiazepine amdolytics. In: Textbook of Psychopharmacology (2'd edit). Schatzberg AF, Nemeroff CB (Eds), American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC, USA (2001):286–300.
- ENKELMANN R Alprazolam versus buspirone in the treatment of outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder. Psychopharmacology (1991) 105:428–432.
- FEIGHNER JP, MERIDETH CH, HENDRICKSON GA: A double-blind comparison of buspirone and diazepam in outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder. j. Clin. Psychiatry (1982) 43:103–108.
- RICKELS K, WEISMAN K, NORSTAD N et al.: Buspirone and diazepam in anxiety: a controlled study. .1. Clin. Psychiatry (1982) 43:81–86.
- LAAKMAN G, SCHULE C, LORKOWSKI G et al.: Buspirone and lorazepam in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in outpatients. Psychopharmacology (1998) 136:357–366.
- STRAND M, HETTA J, ROSEN A et al.:A double-blind, controlled trial in primary care patients with generalized anxiety: a comparison between buspirone and oxazepam.j Gin. Psychiatry (1990) 51(Suppl.):40–45.
- RICKELS K SCHWEIZER E, CSANALOSI I, CASE WG, CHUNG H: Long-term treatment of anxiety and risk of withdrawal. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (1988) 45(5):444–450.
- KAHN RJ, MCNAIR DM, LIPMAN RS et al.: Imipramine and chlordiazepoxide in depressive and anxiety disorders. II. Efficacy in anxious outpatients. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (1986) 43:79.
- DAVIDSON JRT, DUPONT RL, HEDGES D, HASKINS JT et al.,: Efficacy, safety and tolerability of venlafaxine XR extended release and buspirone in outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder.' Gin. Psychiatry (1999) 60:528–535.
- RICKELS K, POLLACK MH, SHEEHAN DV et al.: Efficacy of extended release venlafaxine in non-depressed outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder. Am. .1. Psychiatry (2000) 157(6):968–974.
- GELENBERG AJ, LYDIARD RB, RUDOLPH RL, AGUIAR L, HASKINS JT, SALINAS E: Efficacy of venlafaxine extended-release capsules in nondepressed outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder: a 6-month randomized controlled trial. "AMA (2000) 283:3082–3088.
- ALL GULANDER C, HACKETT D, SALINAS E: Venlafaxine extended release (ER) capsules in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: twenty-four-week placebo-controlled dose ranging study. Br. J. Psychiatry (2001) 179:15–22.
- WAGSTAFF AJ, CHEER SM, MATHESON AJ, ORMROD D, GOA KL: Paroxetine: an update of its use in psychiatric disorders in adults. Drugs (2002) 62:655–703.
- ••A good review with a fairly comprehensivelist of references which covers the use of paroxetine in a wide range of psychiatric disorders.
- ALLGULANDER C: Efficacy of sertraline for the acute treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Poster presented at the Anxiety Disorders Association of America Conference. © 2003 Anxiety Disorders Association of America (2003).
- WALKUP JT, LABELLARTE MJ, RIDDLE MA et al.: Fluvoxamine for the treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. N Engl. .1. Med. (2001) 344(17):1279–1285.
- GOODMAN WK, BOSE A, WANG Q: Escitalopram 10mg/day is Effective in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Poster presented at the 42'd Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology San Juan, Puerto Rico, December 7-11(2003).
- Glaxo-SmithKline Corporation: Paxil (paroxetine hydrochloride) Prescribing Information. Last revised August (2003).
- GOODMAN D: Diagnosis and treatmentof refractory depression. Sheppard Pratt Psychiatric Lecture Series (1999) 26(1).
- ROCCA P, FONZO V, SCOTTA M, ZANALDA E, RAVIZZA L: Paroxetine efficacy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Acta Psychiatc Scand. (1997) 95:444–450.
- POLLACK MH, ZANINELLI R, GODDARD A et al.: Paroxetine in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a placebo controlled, flexible dosage trial. J. Gin. Psychiatry (2001) 62:350–357.
- •Describes pivotal trials of paroxetine in treating GAD.
- RICKELS K, ZANINELLI R, MCCAFFERTY J, BELLEW K, IYENGAR M, SHEEHAN DV: Paroxetine treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am. J. Psychiatry (2003) 160:749–756.
- •Describes pivotal trials of paroxetine in treating GAD.
- STOCCHI F, NORDERA G, JOKINEN J et al.: Efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine for the long-term treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J. Gin. Psychiatry (2003) 64:250–258.
- SUSSMAN N, GINSBERG D: Weight gain associated with SSRIs. Primary Psychiatry (1998) 5:28–37.
- NEWPORT DJ, STOWE ZN: Clinical management of perinatal depression: focus on paroxetine. Psychopharmacol Bull. (2003) 37\(Suppl. 1):148–166.
- GOLDEN RN: Efficacy and tolerability ofcontrolled-release paroxetine. Psychopharmacol Bull. (2003) 37\(Suppl. 1):176–186.