35
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Coronary heart disease prevention in menopausal women

&
Pages 695-705 | Published online: 10 May 2005

Bibliography

  • MCKINLAY SM, BIFANO NL, MCKINLAY JB: Smoking and age at menopause in women. iAnn. Intern. Med. i (1985) 103(3):350–356.
  • LONGCOPE C: The endocrinology of the menopause. In: iTreatment of the Postmenopausal Woman. i Lobo RA (Ed.), Raven Press, New York, NY (1993):47.
  • JENSEN J, NILAS L, CHRISTIANSEN C: Influence of menopause on serum lipids and lipoproteins. iMaturitas i (1990) 12(0321–331.
  • STEVENSON JC, CROOK D, GODSLAND IF: Influence of age and menopause on serum lipids and lipoprotein in healthy women. iAtherosclerosis i (1993) 98(1):83–90.
  • CAMPOS H, MCNAMARA JR, WILSON PW, ORDOVAS JM, SCHAEFER EJ: Differences in low density lipoprotein subfractions and apolipoproteins in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. ./. iEndocrine]. Metab. i (1988) 67(1):30–35.
  • ABBEY M, OWEN A, SUZAKAWA M, ROACH P, NESTEL PJ: Effects of menopause and hormone replacement therapy on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and LDL-receptor activity. iMaturitas i (1999) 33(3):259–269.
  • GORDON T, KANNEL WB, HJORTLAND MC, MCNAMARA PM: Menopause and coronary heart disease: The Framingham Study. iAnn. Intern. Med. i (1978) 89(2):157–161.
  • GORDON DJ, PROBSTFIELD JL, GARRISON RJ iet al: i High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Four prospective American studies. iCirculation i (1989) 79(1):8–15.
  • STAESSEN J, BULPITT CJ, FAGARD R, LUNEN P, AMERY A: The influence of menopause on blood pressure. ./. iHum. Hyperten. i (1989) 3(6):427–433.
  • VASAN RS, LARSON MG, LEIP EP iet al.: i Impact of high-normal blood pressure on the risk of cardiovascular disease. iN Eng]. J. Med. i (2001) 345 (18) :1291–1297.
  • REXRODE KM, CAREY VJ, HENNEKENS CH iet al.: i Abdominal adiposity and coronary heart disease in women. i"AMA i (1998) 280(20:1843–1848.
  • TOTH MJ, TCHERNOF A, SITES CK, POEHLMAN ET: Menopause-related changes in body fat distribution. iAnn. NY Acad. Sci. i (2000) 904:502–506.
  • STERNFELD B, WANG H, QUESENBERRY CP JR iet al: i Physical activity and changes in weight and waist circumference in midlife women: findings from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. iAm. J. Epidemiel i (2004) 160(9):912–912.
  • HU FB, STAMPFER MJ, SOLOMON CG iet al.: i The impact of diabetes mellitus on mortality from all causes and coronary heart disease in women: 20 years of follow-up. iArch. Intern. Med. i (2001) 161(14):1717–1723.
  • LEE CC, KASA-VUBU JZ, SUPIANO MA: Androgenicity and obesity are independently associated with insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women. iMetabolism i (2004) 53(4):507–512.
  • SOWERS M, DERBY C, JANNAUSCH ML, TORRENS JI, PASTERNAK R: Insulin resistance, hemostatic factors, and hormone interactions in pre- and perimenopausal women: SWAN. ./. Clin. iEndocrine]. Metab. i (2003) 88(10):4904–4910.
  • WALTON C, GODSLAND IF, PROUDLER AJ, WYNN V, STEVENSON JC: The effects of the menopause on insulin sensitivity, secretion and elimination in non-obese, healthy women. iEur. I Clin. Invest. i (1993) 23(8):466–473.
  • MOSCA L, APPEL LJ, BENJAMIN EJ iet al.: i Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women. iCirculation i (2004) 109(5):672–693.
  • ••Guidelines for cardiovascular diseaseprevention in women.
  • ASIAN PACIFIC COHORT STUDIES COLLABORATION: Body mass index and cardiovascular disease in the Asia-Pacific Region: an overview of 33 cohorts involving 310 000 participants. iInt. J. Epidemiel i (2004) 33(4):751–758.
  • WILDMAN RP, GU D, REYNOLDS K DUAN X, HE J: Appropriate body mass index and waist circumference cutoffs for categorization of overweight and central adiposity among Chinese adults. iAm. J. Clin. Nutr. i (2004) 80(5):1129–1136.
  • CHOBANIAN AV, BAKRIS GL, BLACK HR iet al.: i The seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure. i"AMA i (2003) 289(19):2560–2572.
  • ••Current guidelines for management ofhypertension.
  • AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. iDiabetes Care i (2004) 27\(Suppl. 1):55–10.
  • STAMPFER MJ, HU FB MANSON JE, RIMM EB, WILLETT WC: Primary prevention of coronary heart disease in women through diet and lifestyle. iN Engl. J. Med. i (2000) 343(1):16–22.
  • KULLER LH, SIMKIN-SILVERMAN LR, WING R, MEILAHN EN, IVES DG: Women's Healthy Lifestyle Project: A randomized clinical trial: results at 54 months. iCirculation i (2001) 103(1):32–37.
  • PEPINE CJ, COOPER-DEHOFF RM: Cardiovascular therapies and risk for development of diabetes. iJ. Am. Coll. Cardiol i (2004) 44(3):509–512.
  • MARGOLIS KL, BONDS DE, RODABOUGH RJ, WOMEN'S HEALTH INITIATIVE INVESTIGATORS: Effect of oestrogen plus progestin on the incidence of diabetes in postmenopausal women: results from the Women's Health Initiative Hormone Trial. iDiabetologia i (2004) 47(7):1175–1187.
  • KNOWLER WC, BARRETT-CONNOR E, FOWLER SE iet al.: i Reduction in the incidence of Type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. iN Engl. I Med. i (2002) 346(6):393–403.
  • DAHLOF B, DEVEREUX RB, KJELDSEN SE iet al: i Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomized trial against atenolol. iLancet i (2002) 359(9311):995–1003.
  • YUSUF S, GERSTEIN H, HOOGWERF B iet al: i Ramipril and the development of diabetes. iJAMA i (2001) 286(15):1882–1885.
  • FREEMAN DJ, NORRIE J, SATTAR N iet al.: i Pravastatin and the development of diabetes mellitus: evidence for a protective treatment effect in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. iCirculation i (2001) 103(3):357–362.
  • SEVER PS, DAHLF B, POULTER NR iet al. i Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial - Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. iLancet i (2003) 361(9364):1149–1158.
  • HANSSON L, ZANCHETTI A, CARRUTHERS SG iet al: i Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. HOT Study Group. iLancet i (1998) 351(9118):1755–1762.
  • KJELDSEN SE, WARNOLD I, HANSSON L, HOT STUDY GROUP: Influence of gender on prevention of myocardial infarction by antihypertensives and acetylsalicylic acid: the HOT study. iCend. Speed: Med. i (2000) 3(8):35–38.
  • DE GAETANO G, COLLABORATIVE GROUP OF THE PRIMARY PREVENTION PROJECT: Low-dose aspirin and vitamin E in people at cardiovascular risk: a randomised trial in general practice. iLancet i (2001) 357(9250):89–95.
  • RIDKER PM, COOK NR, LEE I-M iet al: iA randomized trial of low-dose aspirin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women. iN Engl. I Med. i (2005) 352(13):1293–1304.
  • AMERY A, BIRKENHAGER W, BRIXKO P iet al.: i Mortality and morbidity results from the European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly trial. iLancet i (1985) 1(8442):1349–1354.
  • SHEP COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP: Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). iJAMA i (1991) 265(24):3255–3264.
  • ALLHAT OFFICERS AND COORDINATORS FOR THE ALLHAT COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH GROUP: Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker versus diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). iJAMA i (2002) 288(23):2981–2997.
  • DEVEREUX RB, DAHLOF B, KJELDSEN SE iet al.: i Effects of losartan or atenolol in hypertensive patients without clinically evident vascular disease: a substudy of the LIFE randomized trial. iAnn. Intern. Med. i (2003) 139(3):169–177.
  • BELLA JN, PALMIERI V, WACHTELL K iet al.: i Sex-related difference in regression of left ventricular hypertrophy with antihypertensive treatment: the LIFE study. iJ. Hum. Hypertens. i (2004) 18(6):411–416.
  • LAW MR, WALD NJ, MORRIS JK, JORDAN RE: Value of low dose combination treatment with blood pressure lowering drugs: analysis of 354 randomised trials. iBr. Med. J. i (2003) 326(7404):1427–1431.
  • DEZII CM: A retrospective study of persistence with single-pill combination therapy versus concurrent two-pill therapy in patients with hypertension. iManag. Care i (2000) 9\(Suppl. 9):2–6.
  • CLEARFIELD M, DOWNS JR, WEIS S iet al: i Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/ TexCAPS): efficacy and tolerability of long-term treatment with lovastatin in women. iWomens Health Cend. Based Med. i (2001) 10(10):971–981.
  • COLHOUN HM, BETTERIDGE DJ, DURRINGTON PN iet al: i Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in Type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomized placebo-controlled trial. iLancet i (2004) 364(9435):685–696.
  • FRICK MH, ELO O, HAAPA K iet al: i Helsinki Heart Study: Primary-prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia. Safety of treatment, changes in risk factors, and incidence of coronary heart disease. iN Engl. I Med. i (1987) 317(20):1237–1245.
  • GOLDBERG AC: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies on the effects of extended-release niacin in women. iAm. Cardiol i (2004) 94(19131):121–124.
  • UK PROSPECTIVE DIABETES STUDY (UKPDS) GROUP: Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). iLancet i (1998) 352(9131):837–853.
  • GAEDE P, VEDEL P, LARSEN N, JENSEN GV, PARVING HH, PEDERSEN O: Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with Type 2 diabetes. iN Engl. J. Med. i (2003) 348(5):383–393.
  • GRODSTEIN F, CLARKSON TB, MANS ON JE: Understanding the divergent data on postmenopausal hormone therapy. iN Engl. I Med. i (2003) 348(7):645–650.
  • ROSSOUW JE, ANDERSON GL, PRENTICE RL iet al.: i Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. iJAMA i (2002) 288(3):321–333.
  • MANSON JE, HSIA J, JOHNSON KC iet al: i Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease. iN Engl. I Med. i (2003) 349(6):523–534.
  • CHLEBOWSKI RT, HENDRIX SL, LANGER RD iet al.: i Influence of estrogen plus progestin influence on breast cancer and mammography in healthy postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial. iJAMA i (2003) 289(24):3243–3253.
  • WASSERTHEIL-SMOLLER S, HENDRIX S, LIMACHER M iet al.: i Effect of estrogen plus progestin on stroke in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative:a randomized trial. iJAMA i (2003) 289(20):2673–2684.
  • CUSHMAN M, KULLER LH, PRENTICE R iet al.: i Estrogen plus progestin and risk of venous thrombosis. iJAMA i (2004) 292(13):1573–1580.
  • SHUMAKER SA, LEGAULT C, RAPP S iet al.: i Estrogen plus progestin and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: a randomized controlled trial. i"AMA i (2003) 289(20):2651–2662.
  • CAULEY JA, ROBBINS J, CHEN Z iet al: i Effects of estrogen plus progestin on the risk for fracture and bone mineral density: the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial. iJAMA i (2003) 290(13):1729–1738.
  • CHLEBOWSKI RT, WACTAWSKI-WENDE J, RITENBAUGH C iet al: i Estrogen plus progestin and colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women. iN Engl..1. Med. i (2004) 350(10):991–1004.
  • ANDERSON GL, LIMACHER M, ASSAF AR iet al: i Effects of conjugated equine estrogen on postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. iJAMA i (2004) 291(14):1701–1712.
  • ANTITHROMBOTIC TRIALISTS' COLLABORATION: Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction and stroke in high risk patients. iBr. Med. J. i (2002) 324(7329):71–86.
  • CAPRIE STEERING COMMITTEE: A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). iLancet (1996) i 348(9038):1329–1339.
  • HJALMARSON A: International B-blocker review in acute and postmyocardial infarction. iAm. J. Cardiol i (1988) 61(3):26B-29B.
  • SHEKELLE PG, RICH MW, MORTON SC iet al: i Efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and B-blockers in the management of left ventricular systolic dysfunction according to race, gender, and diabetic status: a meta-analysis of major clinical trials. I iAm. Coll. Cardiol i (2003) 41(9):1529–1538.
  • GHALI JK, PIICIA IL, GOTTLIEB SS, DEEDWANIA PC, WIKSTRAND JC: Metoprolol CR/XL in female patients with heart failure: analysis of the experience in the Metoprolol Controlled Release Randomized Intervention Trial in Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). iCirculation i (2002) 105(13):1585–1591.
  • YUSUF S, SLEIGHT P, POGUE J, BOSCH J, DAVIES R, DAGENAIS G: Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. iN. Engl. J. Med. i (2000) 342(3):145–153.
  • LONN E, ROCCAFORTE R, YI Q iet al: i Effect of long-term therapy with ramipril in high-risk women. I iAm. Coll. Cardiol i (2002) 40(4):693–702.
  • FOX KM, EUROPEAN TRIAL ON REDUCTION OF CARDIAC EVENTS WITH PERINDOPRIL IN STABLE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE INVESTIGATORS: Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study). iLancet i (2003) 362(9386):782–788.
  • BRAUNWALD E, DOMANSKI MJ, FOWLER SE iet al.: i Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition in stable coronary artery disease. iN Engl. I Med. i (2004) 351(20):2058–2068.
  • JULIUS S, KJELDSEN SE, WEBER M iet al: i Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomized trial. iLancet i (2004) 363(9426):2022–2031.
  • MIETTINEN TA, PYORALA K, OLSSON AG iet al: i Cholesterol-lowering therapy in women and elderly patients with myocardial infarction or angina pectoris: findings from the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). iCirculation i (1997) 96(12):4211–4218.
  • LEWIS SJ, SACKS FM, MITCHELL JS iet al: i Effect of pravastatin on cardiovascular events in women after myocardial infarction: the cholesterol and recurrent events (CARE) trial. iJ. Am. Coll. Cardiol i (1998) 32(1):140–146.
  • THE LONG-TERM INTERVENTION WITH PRAVASTATIN IN ISCHAEMIC DISEASE (LIPID) STUDY GROUP: Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. iN Engl. I Med. i (1998) 339(19):1349–1357.
  • HEART PROTECTION STUDY COLLABORATIVE GROUP: MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. iLancet i (2002) 360(9326):7–22.
  • RUBINS HB, ROBINS SJ, COLLINS D iet al.: i Gemfibrozil for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in men with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. iN Engl. J. Med. i (1999) 341(6):410–418.
  • CANNER PL, BERGE KG, WENGER NK iet al.: i Fifteen year mortality in Coronary Drug Project patients: long-term benefit with niacin. I iAm. Coll. Cardiol i (1986) 8(6):1245–1255.
  • GRUNDY SM, CLEEMAN JI, MERZ CN iet al: i Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. iCirculation i (2004) 110(2):227–239.
  • ••Update to lipid management guidelines.
  • GRUNDY SM, BECKER D, CLARK LT iet al.: i Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Final report. iCirculation i (2002) 106(25):3143–3421.
  • HULLEY S, GRADY D, BUSH T iet al: i Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. iJAMA i (1998) 280(7):605–613.
  • CHERRY N, GILMOUR K, HANNAFORD P iet al: i ESPRIT TEAM: Oestrogen therapy for prevention of reinfarction in postmenopausal women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. iLancet i (2002) 360(9350):2001–2008.
  • CLARKE SC, KELLEHER J, LLOYD-JONES H, SLACK M, SCHOFIEL PM: A study of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women with ischaemic heart disease: the Papworth HRT atherosclerosis study. iBIOC i (2002) 109(9):1056–1062.

Websites

  • http://www.americanheartorg/ downloadable/heart/ 1075705991817FS10WM04.pdf Accessed 3/15/05
  • http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/ overweight.pdf accessed 12/17/04 Accessed 12/17/04
  • http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/ dga 192005/document/html/ executivesummary.htm Accessed 3/15/05

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.