538
Views
30
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Drug Evaluation

Rosuvastatin: efficacy, safety and clinical effectiveness

&
Pages 2145-2160 | Published online: 31 Jul 2008

Bibliography

  • MacKay J, Mensah GA. The atlas of heart disease and stroke. WHO, Geneva; 2004
  • Chaudhury M. Blood. In: Sproston K, Primatesta P, editors, Health survey for England 2003. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Volume 2. London: The Stationery Office; 2004. p. 241-87
  • Stamler J, Vaccaro O, Neaton JD, et al.; for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12 year cardiovascular mortality for men screened in Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Diabetes Care 1993;16:434-44
  • Chen Z, Peto R, Collins R, et al. Serum cholesterol concentration and coronary heart disease in population with low cholesterol concentrations. BMJ 1991;303:276-82
  • Gordon T, Castelli WI, Hjortland MC, et al. High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease. The Framingham study. Am J Med 1977;62:707-14
  • Ballantyne CM. Low-density lipoproteins and risk for coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:Q3-12
  • Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360:7-22
  • Colhoun HM, Betteridge DJ, Durrington PN, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004;364:685-96
  • Cannon CP, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, et al. Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2004;350:1495-504
  • Koren MJ, Hunninghake DB; ALLIANCE Investigators. Clinical outcomes in managed-care patients with coronary heart disease treated aggressively in lipid-lowering disease management clinics: the ALLIANCE study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:72-9
  • LaRosa JC, Grundy SM, Waters DD, et al. Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1425-35
  • Pedersen TR, Faergeman O, Kastelein JJ, et al. High-dose atorvastatin vs. usual-dose simvastatin for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction: the IDEAL study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005;294:2437-45
  • Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, et al. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet 2005;366:1267-78
  • Wood D, De Backer G, Faergeman O, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice: recommendations of the Second Joint Task Force of European and other Societies on coronary prevention. Eur Heart J 1998;1434-503
  • Graham I, Atar D, Borch-Johnsen K, et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary. Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2007;14(Suppl 2):E1-40
  • Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001;285:2486-97
  • Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN, et al. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Circulation 2004;110:227-39
  • Wood DA, Wray R, Poulter N, et al. JBS2: Joint British guidelines on prevention of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice. Heart 2005;91(Suppl V):V1-52
  • White CM. A review of the pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic aspects of rosuvastatin. J Clin Pharmacol 2002;42:963-70
  • Rader DJ, Davidson MH, Caplan RJ, et al. Lipid and apolipoprotein ratios: association with coronary artery disease and effects of rosuvastatin compared with atorvastatin, pravastatin, and simvastatin. Am J Cardiol 2003;91:C20-3
  • Watanabe M, Koike H, Ishiba T, et al. Synthesis and biological activity of methanesulfonamide pyrimidine- and N-methanesulfonyl pyrrole-substituted 3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptenoates, a novel series of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 1997;5:437-44
  • McTaggart F, Buckett L, Davidson R, et al. Preclinical and clinical pharmacology of rosuvastatin, a new 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor. Am J Cardiol 2001;87(Suppl 5A):B28-32
  • Istvan ES, Deisenhofer J. Structural mechanism for statin inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase. Science 2001;11:1160-4
  • Buckett L, Ballard P, Davidson R, et al. Selectivity of ZD4522 for inhibition of cholesterol synthesis in hepatic versus non-hepatic cells. Atherosclerosis 2000;151:41
  • McTaggart F. Comparative pharmacology of rosuvastatin. Atherosclerosis 2003;4(Suppl l):9-14
  • McKenney JM. Pharmacologic characteristics of statins. Clin Cardiol 2003;26(Suppl III):32-8
  • Smith G, Davidson R, Bloor S, et al. Pharmacological properties of ZD4522: a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Atherosclerosis 2000;151:39
  • AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP. Crestor (rosuvastatin calcium) prescribing information. Wilmington: DE; 2003
  • Tamai I, Nezu J, Uchino H, et al. Molecular identification and characterization of novel members of the human organic anion transporter (OATP) family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000;273:251-60
  • Windass A, Bleasby K, Lauffart B. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor rosuvastatin is a high affinity substrate of the hepatic organic anion transporter OATP-C. Paper presented at 72nd European Atherosclerosis Society Congress; 20 – 23 May 2001; Stockholm
  • Schupp N, Schmid U, Heidland A, et al. Rosuvastatin protects against oxidative stress and DNA damage in vitro via upregulation of glutathione synthesis. Atherosclerosis 2007; [Epub ahead of print]
  • Mayer C, Gruber HJ, Landl EM, et al. Rosuvastatin reduces interleukin-6-induced expression of C-reactive protein in human hepatocytes in a STAT3- and C/EBP-dependent fashion. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007;45:319-27
  • Laumen H, Skurk T, Hauner H, et al. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor rosuvastatin inhibits plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression and secretion in human adipocytes. Atherosclerosis 2008;196:565-73
  • Kim YS, Ahn Y, Hong MH, et al. Rosuvastatin suppresses the inflammatory responses through inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB in endothelial cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2007;49:376-83
  • Naito Y, Katada K, Takagi T, et al. Rosuvastatin, a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, reduces the colonic inflammatory response in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Int J Mol Med 2006;17:997-1004
  • Di Napoli P, Taccardi AA, Grilli A, et al. Chronic treatment with rosuvastatin modulates nitric oxide synthase expression and reduces ischemia–reperfusion injury in rat hearts. Cardiovasc Res 2005;66:427-9
  • Rosuvastatin, a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, upregulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase and protects from ischemic stroke in mice. Brain Res 2008;942:23-30
  • Saougos VG, Tambaki AP, Kalogirou M, et al. Differential effect of hypolipidemic drugs on lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007;27:2236-43
  • Kostapanos MS, Derdemezis CS, Filippatos TD, et al. Effect of rosuvastatin treatment on plasma visfatin levels in patients with primary hyperlipidemia. Eur J Pharmacol 2008;578:249-52
  • Grosser N, Erdmann K, Hemmerle A, et al. Rosuvastatin upregulates the antioxidant defense protein heme oxygenase-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004;325:871-6
  • Durrington PN. Hyperlipidemia: diagnosis and management. 3rd edition. Hodder Arnold, London; 2007
  • Law MR, Wald NJ, Rudnicka AR. Quantifying effect of statins on low density lipoprotein cholesterol, ischaemic heart disease, and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2003;326:1423-7
  • Martin PD, Dane AL, Scheneck, et al. Disposition of new HMG CoA reductase inhibitor ZD4522 following dosing in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2000;40:1056
  • Warwick MJ, Dane AL, Raza A, et al. Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics and safety of the new HMG CoA reductase inhibitor ZD4522. Atherosclerosis 2000;151:39
  • Martin PD, Mitchell PD, Schneck DW. Pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacokinetics of a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, rosuvastatin, after morning or evening administration in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2002;54:472-7
  • White CM, Chow MSS. A review of HMG CoA reductase inhibitors. US Pharmacist 1998;HS19-28
  • Schuster H, Fox J. Investigating cardiovascular risk reduction: the rosuvastatin GALAXY programme. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2004;5:1187-200
  • Fellström B, Holdaas H, Jardine AG, et al. Effect of rosuvastatin on outcomes in chronic haemodialysis patients: baseline data from the AURORA study. Kidney Blood Press Res 2007;30:314-22
  • McCormick AD, McKillop D, Butters CJ, et al. ZD4522 an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor free metabolically mediated drug interactions: metabolic studies in human in vitro system. J Clin Pharmacol 2000;40:1055
  • Martin PD, Warwick MJ, Dane AL, et al. Metabolism, excretion, and pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in healthy adult male volunteers. Clin Ther 2003;25:2822-35
  • Prueksaritanont T, Zhao JJ, Bennett MA, et al. Mechanistic studies on metabolic interactions between gemfibrozil and statins. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;301:1042-51
  • Prueksaritanont T, Subramanian R, Fang X, et al. Glucuronidation of statins in animals and humans: a novel mechanism of statin lactonization. Drug Metab Dispos 2002;30:505-12
  • Prueksaritanont T, Tang C, Qui Y, et al. Effects of fibrates on metabolism of statins in human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos 2002;30:1280-7
  • Martin PD, Dane AL, Nwose OM, et al. No effect of age or gender on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin: a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. J Clin Pharmacol 2002;42:1116-21
  • Cooper K, Martin P, Dane A, et al. Effect of itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003;73:322-9
  • Simonson S, Martin P, Warwick M, et al. The effect of rosuvastatin on oestrogen & progestin pharmacokinetics in healthy women taking an oral contraceptive. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2004;57:279-86
  • Schneck D, Birmingham B, Zalikowski J, et al. The effect of gemfibrozil on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;75:455-63
  • Cooper K, Martin P, Dane A, et al. The effect of erythromycin on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2003;59:51-6
  • Martin P, Dane A, Schneck D, et al. An open-label, randomized, three-way crossover trial of the effects of coadministration of rosuvastatin and fenofibrate on the pharmacokinetic properties of rosuvastatin and fenofibric acid in healthy male volunteers. Clin Ther 2003;25:459-71
  • Martin P, Kemp J, Dane A, et al. No effect of rosuvastatin on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 2002;42:1352-7
  • Cooper K, Martin P, Dane A, et al. Lack of effect of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003;55:94-9
  • Simonson S, Martin P, Mitchell P, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rosuvastatin in subjects with hepatic impairment. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2003;58:669-75
  • Simonson S, Raza A, Martin D, et al. Rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics in heart transplant recipients administered an antirejection regimen including cyclosporine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;76:167-77
  • Gordon DJ, Probstfield JL, Garrison RJ, et al. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Four prospective American studies. Circulation 1989;79:8-15
  • Rubins HB, Robins SJ, Collins D, et al. Gemfibrozil for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in men with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial Study Group. N Engl J Med 1999;341:410-8
  • Boden W. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol as an independent risk factor in cardiovascular disease: assessing the data from Framingham to the Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Intervention Trial. Am J Cardiol 2000;86(Suppl):L19-22
  • Meisinger C, Loewel H, Mraz W, et al. Prognostic value of apolipoprotein B and A-I in the prediction of myocardial infarction in middle-aged men and women: results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg cohort study. Eur Heart J 2005;26:271-8
  • Kuller LH, Tracy RP, Shaten J, et al. MRFIT Research Group. Relation of C-reactive protein and coronary heart disease in the MRFIT nested case–control study. Am J Epidemiol 1996;144:537-47
  • Danesh J, Whincup P, Walker M, et al. Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: prospective study and updated meta-analyses. BMJ 2000;321:199-204
  • Ridker PM, Rifai N, Rose L, et al. Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1557-65
  • Ridker PM, Rifai N, Pfeffer MA, et al. Long-term effects of pravastatin on plasma concentration of C-reactive protein. Circulation 1999;100:230-5
  • Ridker PM, Rifai N, Lowenthal SP. Rapid reduction in C-reactive protein with cerivastatin among 785 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. Circulation 2001;103:1191-93
  • Albert MA, Danielson E, Rifai N, et al. PRINCE Investigators. Effect of statin therapy on C-reactive protein levels. The pravastatin inflammation/CRP evaluation (PRINCE): a randomized trial and cohort study. JAMA 2001;286:64-70
  • Ridker PM, Cannon CP, Morrow D, et al. C-reactive protein levels and outcomes after statin therapy. N Engl J Med 2005;352:20-8
  • Jones PH, Davidson MH, Stein EA, et al. Comparison of efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin across doses (STELLAR trial). Am J Cardiol 2003;92:152-60
  • McKenney JM, Jones PH, Adamczyk MA, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin in achieving lipid goals: results from the STELLAR trial. Curr Med Res Opin 2003;19:689-98
  • Jones PH, Hunninghake DB, Ferdinand KC, et al. Effect of rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin on non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins, and lipid ratios in patients with hypercholesterolemia: additional results from the STELLAR trial. Clin Ther 2004;26:1388-99
  • Kritharides L. Reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol – treating to target and meeting new European goals. Eur Heart J 2004;(Suppl 6):A12-8
  • Jones P, Watkins C, Blasetto J. Statin therapy for elevated lipid levels compared across doses to rosuvastatin (STELLAR): LDL-C goal achievement with new ATP III recommendations. Atherosclerosis 2005;110(Suppl 6):40
  • McKenny JM, Jones PM, Adamczyk MA, et al. Comparison of efficacy of rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin, simvastatin and prvastatin in achieving lipid goal: results from the STELLAR trial. Curr Med Res Opin 2003;19:557-66
  • Middleton A, Fuat A. Achieving lipid goals in real life: the DISCOVERY-UK study. Br J Cardiol 2006;13:72-6
  • Strandberg TE, Feely J, Sigurdsson EL. DISCOVERY Study Group. Twelve-week, multicenter, randomized, open-label comparison of the effects of rosuvastatin 10 mg/d and atorvastatin 10 mg/d in high-risk adults: a DISCOVERY study. Clin Ther 2004;26:1821-33
  • Gupta M, Constance C. Direct statin comparison of LDL-C values: an evaluation of rosuvastatin therapy (DISCOVERY–Canada). Atherosclerosis 2005;108(Suppl 6):33
  • Fonseca FA, Ruiz A, Cardona-Munoz EG, et al. DISCOVERY-PENTA Investigators. The DISCOVERY PENTA study: a DIrect Statin COmparison of LDL-C Value – an evaluation of Rosuvastatin therapY compared with atorvastatin. Curr Med Res Opin 2005;21:1307-15
  • Bots AF, Kastelein JJ; DISCOVERY-Netherlands Investigators. Achieving lipid goals in real life: the Dutch DISCOVERY study. Int J Clin Pract 2005;1387-94
  • Binbrek AS, Elis A, Al-Zaibag M, et al. An open-label, randomized, parallel-group, multicenter, study comparing rosuvastatin with atorvastatin for the achievement of lipid goals in high-risk patients in clinical practice: the DISCOVERY-Alpha study. Curr Ther Res 2006;67:21-43
  • Zhu J, Tomlinson B, Ro YM. A randomised study comparing the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin with atorvastatin for achieving lipid goals in clinical practice in Asian patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease (DISCOVERY-Asia study). Curr Med Res Opin 2007;23:3055-68
  • Middleton A, Binbrek AS, Fonseca FAH, et al. Achieving 2003 European lipid goals with rosuvastatin and comparator statins in 6743 patients in real-life clinical practice: DISCOVERY meta-analysis. Curr Med Res Opin 2006;22:1181-91
  • Clearfield MB, Amerena J, Bassand JP, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin 10 mg and atorvastatin 20 mg in high-risk patients with hypercholesterolemia – Prospective study to evaluate the Use of Low doses of the Statins Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin (PULSAR). Trials 2006;7:35
  • Leiter LA, Rosenson R, Stein E, et al. Efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin 40 mg versus atorvastatin 80 mg in high-risk patients with hypercholesterolemia: results of the POLARIS study. Atherosclerosis 2007;194:154-64
  • Leiter L, Palmer M, Sosef F. POLARIS Study Investigators. Efficacy of rosuvastatin 40 mg versus 80 mg in patients with metabolic syndrome: results from a subgroup of the POLARIS study. Diabetologia 2005;48(Supp 1):A392
  • Faergeman O, Sosef F, Duffield E. Efficacy and tolerability of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin when force-titrated in high-risk patients: results from the ECLIPSE study. Atherosclerosis 2006;580(Suppl 7):A394
  • Schuster H, Barter PJ, Stender S, et al. Effects of switching statins on achievement of lipid goals: Measuring Effective Reductions in Cholesterol Using Rosuvastatin therapY (MERCURY I) study. Am Heart J 2004;147:705-12
  • Barter P, Stender S, Morrell J, et al. Switching to rosuvastatin from other statins has beneficial effects on apolipoprotein (apo) B and the apo B:apo A-I ratio. Atherosclerosis 2003;(Suppl 4):83
  • Cheung RC, Morrell JM, Kallend D, et al. Effects of switching statins on lipid and apolipoprotein ratios in the MERCURY I study. Int J Cardiol 2005;100:309-16
  • Schuster H, Watkins C, Kallend D. Measuring Effective Reductions in Cholesterol Using Rosuvastatin therapY (MERCURY I): achievement of LDL-C goals with updated ATP III recommendations. Atherosclerosis 2005;121(Suppl 6):79
  • Ballantyne CM, Bertolami M, Hernandez Garcia HR, et al. Achieving LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B target levels in high-risk patients: Measuring Effective Reductions in Cholesterol Using Rosuvastatin therapY (MERCURY) II. Am Heart J 2006;151:e1-9
  • Ballantyne CM, Weiss R, Moccetti T, et al. Efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin 40 mg alone or in combination with ezetimibe in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease (results from the EXPLORER study). Am J Cardiol 2007;99:673-80
  • Ballantyne CM, Sosef F, Duffield E. EXPLORER study investigators. Rosuvastatin plus ezetimibe for achievement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and C-reactive protein goals: results from the EXPLORER study. Eur Heart J 2006;27(Suppl 1):943
  • Ginsberg HN, Stalenhoef AF. The metabolic syndrome: targeting dyslipidaemia to reduce coronary risk. J Cardiovasc Risk 2003;10:121-8
  • Pyorala K, Ballantyne CM, Gumbiner B, et al. Reduction of cardiovascular events by simvastatin in nondiabetic coronary heart disease patients with and without the metabolic syndrome: subgroup analyses of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Diabetes Care 2004;27:1735-40
  • Geluk CA, Asselbergs FW, Hillege HL, et al. Impact of statins in microalbuminuric subjects with the metabolic syndrome: a substudy of the PREVEND Intervention Trial. Eur Heart J 2005;26:1314-20
  • Deedwania P, Barter P, Carmena R, et al. Reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome: analysis of the Treating to New Targets study. Lancet 2006;368:919-28
  • Stalenhoef AF, Ballantyne CM, Sarti C, et al. A comparative study with rosuvastatin in subjects with METabolic syndrome: results of the COMETS study. Eur Heart J 2005;26:2664-72
  • Deedwania PC, Hunninghake DB, Bays HE, et al. STELLAR Study Group. Effects of rosuvastatin, atorvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin on atherogenic dyslipidaemia in patients with characteristics of the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2005;95:360-6
  • Stender S, Schuster H, Barter P, et al. MERCURY I Study Group. Comparison of rosuvastatin with atorvastatin, simvastatin and pravastatin in achieving cholesterol goals and improving plasma lipids in hypercholesterolaemic patients with or without the metabolic syndrome in the MERCURY I trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2005;7:430-8
  • Faergeman O, Sosef F, Duffield E. Efficacy and tolerability of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin when force-titrated in patients with the metabolic syndrome as defined by the International Diabetes Federation: results from the ECLIPSE study. Diabetologia 2006;49(Suppl 1):745
  • Lablanche J-M, Tardif J-C, Benkritly A. Effects of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin on the apoB/apoA-I ratio in patients with acute coronary syndrome: the CENTAURUS study. Atherosclerosis 2006;578(Suppl 7):384
  • Pitt B, Loscalzo J, Ycas J, Raichlen; LUNAR study group. Acute coronary syndromes do not lower lipid levels. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47(Suppl 1):186
  • Schuster H. The GALAXY Program: an update on studies investigating efficacy and tolerability of rosuvastatin for reducing cardiovascular risk. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2007;5:177-93
  • Willich SN, Müller-Nordhorn J, Sonntag F, et al. Economic evaluation of a compliance-enhancing intervention in patients with hypercholesterolemia: design and baseline results of the Open Label Primary Care Study: Rosuvastatin Based Compliance Initiatives To Achievements of LDL Goals (ORBITAL) study. Am Heart J 2004;148:1060-7
  • Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ, Sipahi I, et al. Effect of very high-intensity statin therapy on regression of coronary atherosclerosis: the ASTEROID trial. JAMA 2006;295:1556-65
  • Ballantyne CM, Raichlen JS, Nicholls SJ, et al. Effect of rosuvastatin therapy on coronary artery stenoses assessed by quantitative coronary angiography: a study to evaluate the effect of rosuvastatin on intravascular ultrasound-derived coronary atheroma burden. Circulation 2008;117:2458-66
  • Underhill HR, Yuan C, Zhao XQ, et al. Effect of rosuvastatin therapy on carotid plaque morphology and composition in moderately hypercholesterolemic patients: a high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging trial. Am Heart J 2008;155:e1-8
  • Crouse JR, Raichlen JS, Riley WA, et al. Effect of rosuvastatin on progression of carotid intima-media thickness in low-risk individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis: the METEOR Trial. JAMA 2007;297:1344-53
  • Takayama T, Hiro T, Yamagishi M, et al. Rationale and design for a study using intravascular ultrasound to evaluate effects of rosuvastatin on coronary artery atheroma in Japanese subjects: COSMOS study (COronary atherosclerosis Study Measuring effects Of rosuvastatin using intravascular ultrasound in Japanese Subjects). Circ J 2007;71:271-5
  • Kjekshus J, Apetrei E, Barrios V, et al. Rosuvastatin in older patients with systolic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2007;357:2248-61
  • Tavazzi L, Tognoni G, Franzosi MG, et al. Rationale and design of the GISSI heart failure trial: a large trial to assess the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and rosuvastatin in symptomatic congestive heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2004;6:635-41
  • Kostapanos MS, Milionis HJ, Elisaf MS. An overview of the extra-lipid effects of rosuvastatin. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2008;[Epub ahead of print]
  • Krum H, McMurray JJ. Statins and chronic heart failure: do we need a large-scale outcome trial? J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:1567-73
  • Böhm M, Hjalmarson A, Kjekshus J, et al. Heart failure and statins – why do we need a clinical trial? Z Kardiol 2005;94:223-0
  • Horwich TB, Hamilton MA, MacLellan WR, et al. Low serum total cholesterol is associated with marked increase in mortality in advanced heart failure. J Card Fail 2002;8:216-24
  • Marcoff L, Thompson PD. The role of coenzyme Q10 in statin-associated myopathy: a systematic review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:2231-7
  • Fellström B, Zannad F, Schmieder R, et al. Effects of rosuvastatin on outcomes in chronic haemodialysis patients – design and rationale of the AURORA study. Curr Control Trials Cardiovasc Med 2005;6:9
  • Fellström B, Zannad F, Schmieder R, et al. Effect of rosuvastatin on outcomes in chronic haemodialysis patients; baseline data from the AURORA study. Atherosclerosis 2006;578(Suppl 7):387
  • Ridker PM. Jupiter Study Group. Rosuvastatin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease among patients with low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Rationale and design of the JUPITER trial. Circulation 2003;108:2292-7
  • AstraZeneca. Crestor outcomes study JUPITER closes early due to unequivocal evidence of benefit. Press release. 31 March 2008. Available from: http://www.astrazeneca.com/pressrelease/ 5385.aspx. Accessed 14 June 2008
  • Brewer HB. Benefit–risk assessment of rosuvastatin 10 to 40 milligrams. Am J Cardiol 2003;92(Suppl):K23-9
  • Shepherd J, Hunninghake DB, Stein EA, et al. Safety of rosuvastatin. Am J Cardiol 2004;94:882-8
  • Kostapanos MS, Milionis HJ, Saougos VG, et al. Dose-dependent effect of rosuvastatin treatment on urinary protein excretion. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2007;12:292-7
  • Kostapanos MS, Milionis HJ, Gazi I, et al. Rosuvastatin increases alpha-1 microglobulin urinary excretion in patients with primary dyslipidemia. J Clin Pharmacol 2006;46:1337-43
  • Vidt DG, Cressman MD, Harris S, et al. Rosuvastatin-induced arrest in progression of renal disease. Cardiology 2004;102:52-60
  • Fried LF, Orchard TJ, Kasiske BL. Effect of lipid reduction on the progression of renal disease: a meta-analysis. Kidney Int 2001;59:260-9
  • Sandhu S, Wiebe N, Fried LF, et al. Statins for improving renal outcomes: a meta-analysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006;17:2006-16
  • Strippoli GFM, Navaneethan SD, Johnson DW, et al. Effects of statins in patients with chronic kidney disease: meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomised controlled trials [in press]. BMJ
  • Kiser JJ, Gerber JG, Predhomme JA, et al. Drug/drug interaction between lopinavir/ritonavir and rosuvastatin in healthy volunteers. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2008;47:570-8
  • van der Lee M, Sankatsing R, Schippers E, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of combined use of lopinavir/ritonavir and rosuvastatin in HIV-infected patients. Antivir Ther 2007;12:1127-32
  • Law MR, Wald NJ, Rudnicka AR. Quantifying effect of statins on low density lipoprotein cholesterol, ischaemic heart disease, and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2003;326:1423-9
  • Durrington PN, Tuomilehto J, Hamann A, et al. Rosuvastatin and fenofibrate alone and in combination in type 2 diabetes patients with combined hyperlipidaemia. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2004;64:137-51
  • Caslake MJ, Stewart G, Day SP, et al. Phenotype-dependent and -independent actions of rosuvastatin on atherogenic lipoprotein subfractions in hyperlipidaemia. Atherosclerosis 2003;171:245-53
  • Brewer BH Jr. HDL metabolism and the role of HDL in the treatment of high-risk patients with cardiovascular disease. Curr Cardiol Rep 2007;9:486-92
  • Barter PJ, Caulfield M, Eriksson M, et al. Effects of torcetrapib in patients at high risk for coronary events. N Engl J Med 2007;357:2109-22
  • Marwick C. Bayer is forced to release documents over withdrawal of cerivastatin. BMJ 2003;326:518
  • Black DM. Issues that led to the withdrawal of cerivastatin. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2003;5:10

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.