Bibliography
- Lewandrowski KU, Gresser JD, Wise DL, Trantol DJ. Bioresorbable bone graft substitutes of different osteoconductivities: a histologic evaluation of osteointegration of poly(propylene glycol-co-fumaric acid)-based cement implants in rats. Biomaterials 2000;21(8):757-64
- Hyatt GW, Butler MC. The procurement, storage, and clinical use of bone homografts. Instr Course Lect 1957;14:343-73
- Inclan A. Preserved bone graft in orthopaedic surgery. J bone Joint Surg 1942;24:81-96
- Macewen W. Observations concerning transplantation of bone. Illustrated a case of inter-human osseous transplantation, whereby over two thirds of the shaft of the humerus was restored. Proc R Soc Med London 1881;32:232-47
- Wilson PD. Follow-up study of the use of refrigerated homogenous bone transplants in orthopedic operations. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1951;33-A(2):307-23
- Ahlmann E, Patzakis M, Roidis N, Comparison of anterior and posterior iliac crest bone grafts in terms of harvest-site morbidity and functional outcomes. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84-A(5):716-20
- Summers BN, Eisenstein SM. Donor site pain from the ilium. A complication of lumbar spine fusion. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1989;71(4):677-80
- Gamradt SC, Lieberman JR. Bone graft for revision hip arthroplasty: biology and future applications. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2003;(417):183-94
- Boyce T, Edwards J, Scarborough N. Allograft bone. The influence of processing on safety and performance. Orthop Clin North Am 1999;30(4):571-81
- Bos GD, Goldberg VM, Zika JM, Immune responses of rats to frozen bone allografts. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1983;65(2):239-46
- Berrey BH Jr, Lord CF, Gebhardt MC, Mankin HJ. Fractures of allografts. Frequency, treatment, and end-results. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1990;72(6):825-33
- Horowitz MC, Friedlaender GE. Induction of specific T-cell responsiveness to allogeneic bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1991;73(8):1157-68
- Giannoudis PV, Dinopoulos H, Tsiridis E. Bone substitutes: an update. Injury 2005;36(Suppl 3):S20-7
- Ilan DI, Ladd AL. Bone graft substitutes. Oper Tech Plast Reconstr Surg 2003;9(4):151-60
- Bauer TW Muschler GF. Bone graft materials. An overview of the basic science. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2000;(371):10-27
- Shimandle JH, Boden SD. Bone substitutes for lumbar fusion: present and future. Oper Tech Orthop 1997;7(1):60-7
- Mroz TE, Suen PW, Shamie AN, Bone graft substitutes in spinal surgery. Oper Tech Orthop 2003;13(3):146-51
- VandeVord PJ, Nasser S, Wooley PH. Immunological responses to bone soluble proteins in recipients of bone allografts. J Orthop Res 2005;23(5):1059-64
- Phillips GO. Clinical applications of bone allografts and substitutes: biology and clinical applications. Allografts in bone healing v. 3. World Scientific, Hackensack, NJ; 2005. p. xix, 174
- Friedlaender GE. Immune responses to osteochondral allografts. Current knowledge and future directions. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1983;(174):58-68
- Burwell RG. Studies in the transplantation of bone. V. The capacity of fresh and treated homografts of bone to evoke transplantation immunity. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1963;45-B:386-401
- Friedlaender GE, Strong DM, Sell KW. Studies on the antigenicity of bone. I. Freeze-dried and deep-frozen bone allografts in rabbits. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1976;58(6):854-8
- Heyligers IC, Klein-Nulend J. Detection of living cells in non-processed but deep-frozen bone allografts. Cell Tissue Bank 2005;6(1):25-31
- Whang PG, Wang JC. Bone graft substitutes for spinal fusion. Spine J 2003;3(2):155-65
- Goldberg VM, Bos GD, Heiple KG, Improved acceptance of frozen bone allografts in genetically mismatched dogs by immunosuppression. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1984;66(6):937-50
- Stevenson S. The immune response to osteochondral allografts in dogs. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1987;69(4):573-82
- Bos GD, Goldberg VM, Powell AE, The effect of histocompatibility matching on canine frozen bone allografts. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1983;65(1):89-96
- Langer F, Czitrom A, Pritzker KP, Gross AE. The immunogenicity of fresh and frozen allogeneic bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1975;57(2):216-20
- Friedlaender GE, Horowitz MC. Immune responses to osteochondral allografts: nature and significance. Orthopedics 1992;15(10):1171-5
- Stevenson S, Li XQ, Martin B. The fate of cancellous and cortical bone after transplantation of fresh and frozen tissue-antigen-matched and mismatched osteochondral allografts in dogs. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1991;73(8):1143-56
- Burchardt H. Biology of bone transplantation. Orthop Clin North Am 1987;18(2):187-96
- Enneking WF, Mindell ER. Observations on massive retrieved human allografts. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1991;73(8):1123-42
- Kerry RM, Masri BA, Garbuz DS, The biology of bone grafting. Instr Course Lect 1999;48:645-52
- Buck BE, Malinin TI, Brown MD. Bone transplantation and human immunodeficiency virus. An estimate of risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Clin Orthop Relat Res 1989(240):129-36
- Tomford WW. Transmission of disease through transplantation of musculoskeletal allografts. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1995;77(11):1742-54
- Tomford WW, Mankin HJ. Bone banking. Update on methods and materials. Orthop Clin North Am 1999;30(4):565-70
- Campbell DG, Li P, Stephenson AJ, Oakeshott RD. Sterilization of HIV by gamma irradiation. A bone allograft model. Int Orthop 1994;18(3):172-6
- Conrad EU, Gretch DR, Obermeyer KR, Transmission of the hepatitis-C virus by tissue transplantation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1995;77(2):214-24
- Fideler BM, Vangsness CT Jr, Moore T, Effects of gamma irradiation on the human immunodeficiency virus. A study in frozen human bone-patellar ligament-bone grafts obtained from infected cadavera. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1994;76(7):1032-5
- Buckley RH. 27. Transplantation immunology: organ and bone marrow. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;111(Suppl 2):S733-44
- Deng MC, John R, Baron H, Principles of transplantation immunology. In: Shane E, Compston J, editors, Bone disease of organ transplantion. Elsevier, Amsterdam; 2005. p. 3-29
- Nelson KA. Human leukocyte antigen system and the immune response to it. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1996;(326):35-42
- Skjødt H, Hughes DE, Dobson PR, Russell RG. Constitutive and inducible expression of HLA class II determinants by human osteoblast-like cells in vitro. J Clin Invest 1990;85(5):1421-6
- Hubble MJ. Bone transplantation. Curr Orthop 2001;15(3):199-205
- Roitt IM, Brostoff J, Male DK. Immunology. 6th edition. Mosby, Edinburgh, New York, USA; 2001
- Pixley FJ, Stanley ER. CSF-1 regulation of the wandering macrophage: complexity in action. Trends Cell Biol 2004;14(11):628-38
- Fixe P, Praloran V. M-CSF: haematopoietic growth factor or inflammatory cytokine? Cytokine 1998;10(1):32-7
- Stein SH, Phipps RP. Macrophage-secreted prostaglandin E2 potentiates immune complex-induced B cell unresponsiveness. Eur J Immunol 1990;20(2):403-7
- Rauner M, Sipos W, Pietschmann P. Osteoimmunology. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007;143(1):31-48
- Nakashima T, Takayanagi H. The dynamic interplay between osteoclasts and the immune system. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008;473(2):166-71
- Lorenzo J, Horowitz M, Choi Y. Osteoimmunology: interactions of the bone and immune system. Endocr Rev 2008;29(4):403-40
- Lee SH, Kim TS, Choi Y, Lorenzo J. Osteoimmunology: cytokines and the skeletal system. BMB Rep 2008;41(7):495-510
- Suda K, Udagawa N, Sato N, Suppression of osteoprotegerin expression by prostaglandin E2 is crucially involved in lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclast formation. J Immunol 2004;172(4):2504-10
- Graham S, Gamie Z, Polyzois I, Prostaglandin EP2 and EP4 receptor agonists in bone formation and bone healing: In vivo and in vitro evidence. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2009;18(6):746-66
- McCurry KR. Colvin BL, Zahorchak AF, Thomson AW. Regulatory dendritic cell therapy in organ transplantation. Transpl Int, 2006. 19(7):525-38
- Ehser S, Chuang JJ, Kleist C, promises and difficulties. Hum Immunol 2008;69(3):165-73
- Steinman RM, Inaba K, Turley S, Antigen capture, processing, and presentation by dendritic cells: recent cell biological studies. Hum Immunol 1999;60(7):562-7
- Muscolo DL, Ayerza MA, Calabrese ME, Human leukocyte antigen matching, radiographic score, and histologic findings in massive frozen bone allografts. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1996;(326):115-26
- Horowitz MC, Friedlaender GE, Qian HY. The immune response: the efferent arm. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1996;(326):25-34
- Krieger NR, Yin DP, Fathman CG. CD4+ but not CD8+ cells are essential for allorejection. J Exp Med 1996;184(5):2013-8
- Bottomly K. A functional dichotomy in CD4+ T lymphocytes. Immunol Today 1988;9(9):268-74
- Kupfer A, Singer SJ. Cell biology of cytotoxic and helper T cell functions: immunofluorescence microscopic studies of single cells and cell couples. Annu Rev Immunol 1989;7:309-37
- Seder RA, Paul WE. Acquisition of lymphokine-producing phenotype by CD4+ T cells. Annu Rev Immunol 1994;12:635-73
- Lin Y, Langman R, Cohn M. The priming of cytotoxic T-cell precursors is strictly helper T cell-dependent. Scand J Immunol 1992;35(5):621-6
- Apasov S, Redegeld F, Sitkovsky M. Cell-mediated cytotoxicity: contact and secreted factors. Curr Opin Immunol 1993;5(3):404-10
- Razi-Wolf Z, Freeman GJ, Galvin F, Expression and function of the murine B7 antigen, the major costimulatory molecule expressed by peritoneal exudate cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89(9):4210-4
- Steinman RM. The dendritic cell system and its role in immunogenicity. Annu Rev Immunol 1991;9:271-96
- Lanzavecchia A. Receptor-mediated antigen uptake and its effect on antigen presentation to class II-restricted T lymphocytes. Annu Rev Immunol 1990;8:773-93
- Parkin J, Cohen B. An overview of the immune system. Lancet 2001;357(9270):1777-89
- Wasowska BA, Qian Z, Cangello DL, Passive transfer of alloantibodies restores acute cardiac rejection in IgKO mice. Transplantation 2001;71(6):727-36
- Strong DM, Friedlaender GE, Tomford WW, Immunologic responses in human recipients of osseous and osteochondral allografts. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1996;(326):107-14
- Lechler RI, Lombardi G, Batchelor JR, The molecular basis of alloreactivity. Immunol Today 1990;11(3):83-8
- Paul WE. Fundamental immunology. 3rd edition. Raven Press, New York; 1993
- Sherman LA, Chattopadhyay S. The molecular basis of allorecognition. Annu Rev Immunol 1993;11:385-402
- Warrens AN, Lombardi G, Lechler R. MHC and alloreactivity: presentation and recognition of major and minor histocompatibility antigens. Transpl Immunol 1994;2:103-7
- Hernandez-Fuentes MP, Baker RJ, Lechler RI. The alloresponse. Rev Immunogenet 1999;1(3):282-96
- Batchelor JR. Transplant immunology. Transplant Proc 1994;26(4):1875-6
- Lechler RI, Batchelor JR. Restoration of immunogenicity to passenger cell-depleted kidney allografts by the addition of donor strain dendritic cells. J Exp Med 1982;155(1):31-41
- Game DS, Lechler RI. Pathways of allorecognition: implications for transplantation tolerance. Transpl Immunol 2002;10(2-3):101-8
- Czitrom AA. The immune response: the afferent arm. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1996;(326):11-24
- Moller E. Cell interactions and cytokines in transplantation immunity. Transplant Proc 1995;27(1):24-7
- Sayegh MH, Watschinger B, Carpenter CB. Mechanisms of T cell recognition of alloantigen. The role of peptides. Transplantation 1994;57(9):1295-302
- Sayegh MH, Perico N, Gallon L, Mechanisms of acquired thymic unresponsiveness to renal allografts. Thymic recognition of immunodominant allo-MHC peptides induces peripheral T cell anergy. Transplantation 1994;58(2):125-32
- Shoskes DA, Wood KJ. Indirect presentation of MHC antigens in transplantation. Immunol Today 1994;15(1):32-8
- Fluck N, Witzke O, Morris PJ, Wood KJ. Indirect allorecognition is involved in both acute and chronic allograft rejection. Transplant Proc 1999;31(1-2):842-3
- Mueller DL, Jenkins MK, Schwartz RH. Clonal expansion versus functional clonal inactivation: a costimulatory signalling pathway determines the outcome of T cell antigen receptor occupancy. Annu Rev Immunol 1989;7:445-80
- Chambers CA. The expanding world of co-stimulation: the two-signal model revisited. Trends Immunol 2001;22(4):217-23
- Jenkins MK, Johnson JG. Molecules involved in T-cell costimulation. Curr Opin Immunol 1993;5(3):361-7
- Tseng SY, Dustin ML. T-cell activation: a multidimensional signaling network. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2002;14(5):575-80
- Bretscher P. The two-signal model of lymphocyte activation twenty-one years later. Immunol Today 1992;13(2):74-6
- Stevenson S, Li XQ, Davy DT, Critical biological determinants of incorporation of non-vascularized cortical bone grafts. Quantification of a complex process and structure. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1997;79(1):1-16
- Reikerås O, Shegarfi H, Naper C, Impact of MHC mismatch and freezing on bone graft incorporation: an experimental study in rats. J Orthop Res 2008;26(7):925-31
- Sauer HD, Schoettle H. The stability of osteosyntheses bridging defects. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 1979;95(1-2):27-30
- Virolainen P, Vuorio E, Aro HT. Gene expression at graft-host interfaces of cortical bone allografts and autografts. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1993;(297):144-9
- Eitel F, Klapp F, Jacobson W, Schweiberer L. Bone regeneration in animals and in man. A contribution to understanding the relative value of animal experiments to human pathophysiology. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 1981;99(1):59-64
- Burchardt H, Jones H, Glowczewskie F, Freeze-dried allogeneic segmental cortical-bone grafts in dogs. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1978;60(8):1082-90
- Stevenson S, Hohn RB, Templeton JW. Effects of tissue antigen matching on the healing of fresh cancellous bone allografts in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1983;44(2):201-6
- Burchardt H, Glowczewskie FP, Enneking WF. Short-term immunosuppression with fresh segmental fibular allografts in dogs. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1981;63(3):411-5
- Goldberg VM, Lance EM. Revascularization and accretion in transplantation. Quantitative studies of the role of the allograft barrier. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1972;54(4):807-16
- Welter JF, Shaffer JW, Stevenson S, Cyclosporin A and tissue antigen matching in bone transplantation. Fibular allografts studied in the dog. Acta Orthop Scand 1990;61(6):517-27
- Gocke DJ. Tissue donor selection and safety. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2005;(435):17-21
- Ward WG, Gautreaux MD, Lippert DC II, Boles C. HLA sensitization and allograft bone graft incorporation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2008;466(8):1837-48
- Friedlaender GE, Strong DM, Sell KW. Studies on the antigenicity of bone. II. Donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies in human recipients of freeze-dried allografts. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1984;66(1):107-12
- Rodrigo JJ, Fuller TC, Mankin HJ. Cytotoxic HLA antibodies in patients with bone and cartilage allografts. Trans Orthop Res Soc 1976;1:131
- Friedlaender GE, Strong DM, Tomford WW, Mankin HJ. Long-term follow-up of patients with osteochondral allografts. A correlation between immunologic responses and clinical outcome. Orthop Clin North Am 1999;30(4):583-8
- Slooff TJ, Schimmel JW, Buma P. Cemented fixation with bone grafts. Orthop Clin North Am 1993;24(4):667-77
- Schreurs BW, Buma P, Huiskes R, Morsellized allografts for fixation of the hip prosthesis femoral component. A mechanical and histological study in the goat. Acta Orthop Scand 1994;65(3):267-75
- Enneking WF, Campanacci DA. Retrieved human allografts: a clinicopathological study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2001;83-A(7):971-86
- Gouin F, Passuti N, Verriele V, Histological features of large bone allografts. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1996;78(1):38-41
- Muscolo DL, Caletti E, Schajowicz F, Tissue-typing in human massive allografts of frozen bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1987;69(4):583-95
- Anonymous. Historic cadaver-to-man hand transplant. Med World News 1964;5:60-1
- Benhaim P, Anthony JP, Ferreira L, Use of combination of low-dose cyclosporine and RS-61443 in a rat hindlimb model of composite tissue allotransplantation. Transplantation 1996;61(4):527-32
- Ustüner ET, Zdichavsky M, Ren X, Long-term composite tissue allograft survival in a porcine model with cyclosporine/mycophenolate mofetil therapy. Transplantation 1998;66(12):1581-7
- Jones JW Jr, Ustüner ET, Zdichavsky M, Long-term survival of an extremity composite tissue allograft with FK506-mycophenolate mofetil therapy. Surgery 1999;126(2):384-8
- Wendt JR, Ulich TR, Ruzics EP, Hostetler JR. Indefinite survival of human skin allografts in patients with long-term immunosuppression. Ann Plast Surg 1994;32(4):411-7
- Jones TR, Humphrey PA, Brennan DC. Transplantation of vascularized allogeneic skeletal muscle for scalp reconstruction in a renal transplant patient. Transplantation 1998;65(12):1605-10
- Guimberteau JC, Baudet J, Panconi B, Human allotransplant of a digital flexion system vascularized on the ulnar pedicle: a preliminary report and 1-year follow-up of two cases. Plast Reconstr Surg 1992;89(6):1135-47
- Mackinnon SE. Nerve allotransplantation following severe tibial nerve injury. Case report. J Neurosurg 1996;84(4):671-6
- Hofmann GO, Kirschner MH, Wangemann T, Infections and immunological hazards of allogeneic bone transplantation. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 1995;114(3):159-66
- Breidenbach WC, Gonzales NR, Kaufman CL, , Outcomes of the first 2 American hand transplants at 8 and 6 years posttransplant. J Hand Surg Am 2008;33(7):1039-47
- Gross AE, Blackley H, Wong P, The role of allografts in revision arthroplasty of the hip. Instr Course Lect 2002;51:103-13
- Oluwole SF, Oluwole OO, DePaz HA, CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells mediate acquired transplant tolerance. Transpl Immunol 2003;11(3-4):287-93
- Stepkowski SM, Nagy ZS, Kahan BD, Kirken RA. The role of signals 1, 2, and 3 in induction of transplantation tolerance. Transplant Proc 2001;33(7-8):3831-2
- Onodera K, Chandraker A, Volk HD, Distinct tolerance pathways in sensitized allograft recipients after selective blockade of activation signal 1 or signal 2. Transplantation 1999;68(2):288-93
- Lee EN, Lee J, Kim EY, Tolerance induction through simultaneous double bone marrow transplantation with two-signal blockade. Immunol Lett 2006;102(2):215-21