Intravitreal steroid and anti-vascular endothelial growth agents for the management of retinal vein occlusion: evidence from randomized trials

Bibliography

• Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Meuer SM. The epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion: the beaver dam eye study. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 2000;98:133-41
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rehak J, Rehak M. Branch retinal vein occlusion: pathogenesis, visual prognosis, and treatment modalities. Curr Eye Res 2008;33:111-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonas J, Paques M, Monés J, Glacet-Bernard A. Retinal vein occlusions. Dev Ophthalmol 2010;47:111-35
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wong TY, Scott IU. Clinical practice. Retinal-vein occlusion. N Engl J Med 2010;363:2135-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaulim A, Ahmed B, Khanam T, Chatziralli IP. Branch retinal vein occlusion: epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, and complications. An update of the literature. Retina 2013;33:901-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers S, McIntosh RL, Cheung N, et al. The prevalence of retinal vein occlusion: pooled data from population studies from the United States, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Ophthalmology 2010;117:313-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell P, Smith W, Chang A. Prevalence and associations of retinal vein occlusion in Australia. the blue mountains eye study. Arch Ophthalmol 1996;114:1243-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• David R, Zangwill L, Badarna M, Yassur Y. Epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion and its association with glaucoma and increased intraocular pressure. Ophthalmologica 1988;197:69-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cugati S, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, Mitchell P. Ten-year incidence of retinal vein occlusion in an older population: the blue mountains eye study. Arch Ophthalmol 2006;124:726-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Mahoney PR, Wong DT, Ray JG. Retinal vein occlusion and traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis. Arch Ophthalmol 2008;126:692-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linna T, Ylikorkala A, Kontula K, et al. Prevalence of factor V Leiden in young adults with retinal vein occlusion. Thromb Haemost 1997;77:214-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• David R, Zangwill L, Badarna M, Yassur Y. Epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion and its association with glaucoma and increased intraocular pressure. Ophthalmologica 1988;197:69-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jefferies P, Clemett R, Day T. An anatomical study of retinal arteriovenous crossings and their role in the pathogenesis of retinal branch vein occlusions. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1993;21:213-17
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Christoffersen NL, Larsen M. Pathophysiology and hemodynamics of branch retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmology 1999;106:2054-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yau JW, Lee P, Wong TY, et al. Retinal vein occlusion: an approach to diagnosis, systemic risk factors and management. Intern Med J 2008;38:904-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deobhakta A, Chang LK. Inflammation in retinal vein occlusion. Int J Inflam 2013;2013:438412
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leung DW, Cachianes G, Kuang WJ, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor is a secreted angiogenic mitogen. Science 1989;246:1306-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michaelson IC. The mode of development of the vascular system of the retina with some observations on its significance for certain retinal disorders. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1948;68:137-80
   Google Scholar
• Shweiki D, Itin A, Soffer D, Keshet E. Vascular endothelial growth factor induced by hypoxia may mediate hypoxia-initiated angiogenesis. Nature 1992;359:843-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrara N, Gerber HP, LeCouter J. The biology of VEGF and its receptors. Nat Med 2003;9:669-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoeben A, Landuyt B, Highley MS, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor and angiogenesis. Pharmacol Rev 2004;56:549-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung SH, Kim KA, Sohn SW, Yang SJ. Association of aqueous humor cytokines with the development of retinal ischemia and recurrent macular edema in retinal vein occlusion. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014;55:2290-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noma H, Mimura T, Yasuda K, Shimura M. Role of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptors-1 and -2, their ligands, and other factors in branch retinal vein occlusion with macular edema. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014;55:3878-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noma H, Mimura T, Yasuda K, Shimura M. Role of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling and other factors or cytokines in central retinal vein occlusion with macular edema. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015;56:1122-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campochiaro PA, Bhisitkul RB, Shapiro H, Rubio RG. Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes progressive retinal nonperfusion in patients with retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmology 2013;120:795-802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd SR, Zachary I, Chakravarthy U, et al. Correlation of increased vascular endothelial growth factor with neovascularization and permeability in ischemic central vein occlusion. Arch Ophthalmol 2002;120:1644-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noma H, Funatsu H, Yamasaki M, et al. Aqueous humour levels of cytokines are correlated to vitreous levels and severity of macular oedema in branch retinal vein occlusion. Eye 2008;22:42-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noma H, Mimura T, Eguchi S. Association of inflammatory factors with macular edema in branch retinal vein occlusion. JAMA Ophthalmol 2013;131:160-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung SH, Kim KA, Sohn SW, Yang SJ. Association of aqueous humor cytokines with the development of retinal ischemia and recurrent macular edema in retinal vein occlusion. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014;55:2290-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebrahim Q, Minamoto A, Hoppe G, et al. Triamcinolone acetonide inhibits IL-6- and VEGF-induced angiogenesis downstream of the IL-6 and VEGF receptors. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006;47:4935-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ip MS, Scott IU, VanVeldhuisen PC, et al. SCORE Study Research Group. A randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of intravitreal triamcinolone with observation to treat vision loss associated with macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: the standard care vs corticosteroid for retinal vein occlusion (SCORE) study report 5. Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127:1101-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott IU, Ip MS, VanVeldhuisen PC, et al. SCORE Study Research Group. A randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of intravitreal triamcinolone with standard care to treat vision loss associated with macular Edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion: the standard care vs corticosteroid for retinal vein occlusion (SCORE) study report 6. Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127:1115-28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haller JA, Bandello F, Belfort RJr, et al. OZURDEX GENEVA Study Group. Randomized, sham-controlled trial of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in patients with macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmology 2010;117:1134-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haller JA, Bandello F, Belfort RJr, et al. Ozurdex GENEVA Study Group. Dexamethasone intravitreal implant in patients with macular edema related to branch or central retinal vein occlusion twelve-month study results. Ophthalmology 2011;118:2453-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wroblewski JJ, Wells JAIII, Adamis AP, et al. Pegaptanib in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Study Group: pegaptanib sodium for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion. Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127:374-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wroblewski JJ, Wells JAIII, Gonzales CR. Pegaptanib sodium for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol 2010;149:147-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papadopoulos N, Martin J, Ruan Q, et al. Binding and neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and related ligands by VEGF Trap, ranibizumab and bevacizumab. Angiogenesis 2012;15:171-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton EP, Blackwell KL. Safety of bevacizumab in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Oncology 2011;80:314-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakravarthy U, Harding SP, Rogers CA, et al. IVAN study investigators. Alternative treatments to inhibit VEGF in age-related choroidal neovascularisation: 2-year findings of the IVAN randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2013;382:1258-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin DF, Maguire MG, Ying GS, et al. Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med 2011;364:1897-908
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu L, Arevalo JF, Berrocal MH, et al. Comparison of two doses of intravitreal bevacizumab as primary treatment for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusions: results of the Pan American Collaborative Retina Study Group at 24 months. Retina 2009;29:1396-403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein DL, Algvere PV, von Wendt G, et al. Bevacizumab for macular edema in central retinal vein occlusion: A prospective, randomized, double masked clinical study. Ophthalmology 2012;119:1184-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein DL, Algvere PV, von Wendt G, et al. Benefit from bevacizumab for macular edema in central retinal vein occlusion: twelve-month result of a prospective, randomized study. Ophthalmology 2012;119:2587-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo V, Barone A, Conte E, et al. Bevacizumab compared with macular laser grid photocoagulation for cystoid macular edema in branch retinal vein occlusion. Retina 2009;29:511-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrara N, Damico L, Shams N, et al. Development of ranibizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antigen binding fragment, as therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Retina 2006;26:859-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown DM, Campochiaro PA, Singh RP, et al. Ranibizumab for macular edema following central retinal vein occlusion: six-month primary end point results of a phase III study. Ophthalmology 2010;117:1124-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campochiaro PA, Brown DM, Awh CC, et al. Sustained benefits from ranibizumab for macular edema following central retinal vein occlusion: twelve-month outcomes of a phase III study. Ophthalmology 2011;118:2041-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campochiaro PA, Heier JS, Feiner L, et al. BRAVO Investigators. Ranibizumab for macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion: six-month primary end point results of a phase III study. Ophthalmology 2010;117:1102-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown DM, Campochiaro PA, Bhisitkul RB, et al. Sustained benefits from ranibizumab for macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion: 12-month outcomes of a phase III study. Ophthalmology 2011;118:1594-602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varma R, Bressler NM, Suñer I, et al. BRAVO and CRUISE Study Groups. Improved vision-related function after ranibizumab for macular edema after retinal vein occlusion: results from the BRAVO and CRUISE trials. Ophthalmology 2012;119:2108-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heier JS, Campochiaro PA, Yau L, et al. Ranibizumab for macular edema due to retinal vein occlusions: long-term follow-up in the HORIZON trial. Ophthalmology 2012;119:802-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campochiaro PA, Sophie R, Pearlman J, et al. RETAIN Study Group. Long-term outcomes in patients with retinal vein occlusion treated with ranibizumab: the RETAIN study. Ophthalmology 2014;121:209-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinge B, Stordahl PB, Forsaa V, et al. Efficacy of ranibizumab in patients with macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: results from the sham-controlled ROCC study. Am J Ophthalmol 2010;150:310-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan MH, McAllister IL, Gillies ME, et al. Randomized controlled trial of intravitreal ranibizumab versus standard grid laser for macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol 2014;157:237-47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pielen A, Mirshahi A, Feltgen N, et al. RABAMES Study Group. Ranibizumab for branch retinal vein occlusion associated macular edema study (RABAMES): six-month results of a prospective randomized clinical trial. Acta Ophthalmol 2015;93:29-37
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart MW. What are the half-lives of ranibizumab and aflibercept (VEGF Trap-eye) in human eyes? Calculations with a mathematical model. Eye Reports 2011;1:5
   Google Scholar
• Boyer D, Heier J, Brown DM, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor Trap-Eye for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: six-month results of the phase 3 COPERNICUS study. Ophthalmology 2012;119:1024-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown DM, Heier JS, Clark WL, et al. Intravitreal aflibercept injection for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: 1-year results from the phase 3 COPERNICUS study. Am J Ophthalmol 2013;155:429-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heier JS, Clark WL, Boyer DS, et al. Intravitreal aflibercept injection for macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion: two-year results from the COPERNICUS study. Ophthalmology 2014;121:1414-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holz FG, Roider J, Ogura Y, et al. VEGF Trap-Eye for macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: 6-month results of the phase III GALILEO study. Br J Ophthalmol 2013;97:278-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korobelnik JF, Holz FG, Roider J, et al. GALILEO Study Group. Intravitreal aflibercept injection for macular edema resulting from central retinal vein occlusion: one-year results of the Phase 3 GALILEO study. Ophthalmology 2014;121:202-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogura Y, Roider J, Korobelnik JF, et al. GALILEO Study Group. Intravitreal aflibercept for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: 18-month results of the phase 3 GALILEO study. Am J Ophthalmol 2014;158:1032-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campochiaro PA, Clark WL, Boyer DS, et al. Intravitreal aflibercept for macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion: the 24-week results of the VIBRANT study. Ophthalmology 2015;122:538-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brand CS. Management of retinal vascular diseases: a patient-centric approach. Eye 2012;26:1-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narayanan R, Panchal B, Das T, et al. on behalf of MARVEL study group. A randomised, double-masked, controlled study of the efficacy and safety of intravitreal bevacizumab versus ranibizumab in the treatment of macular oedema due to branch retinal vein occlusion: MARVEL Report No. 1. Br J Ophthalmol 2015;99:954-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford JA, Shyangdan D, Uthman OA, et al. Drug treatment of macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: a network meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2014;4:e005292
   Google Scholar
• Campochiaro PA, Wykoff CC, Singer M, et al. Monthly versus as-needed ranibizumab injections in patients with retinal vein occlusion: the SHORE study. Ophthalmology 2014;121:2432-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campochiaro PA, Bhisitkul RB, Shapiro H, Rubio RG. Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes progressive retinal nonperfusion in patients with retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmology 2013;120:795-802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar