Prospect for kidney bioengineering: shortcomings of the status quo

Bibliography

• Wolfe RA, Ashby VB, Milford EL, et al. Comparison of mortality in all patients on dialysis, patients on dialysis awaiting transplantation, and recipients of a first cadaveric transplant. N Engl J Med 1999;341(23):1725-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abecassis M, Bartlett ST, Collins AJ, et al. Kidney transplantation as primary therapy for end-stage renal disease: a National Kidney Foundation/Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF/KDOQITM) conference. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008;3(2):471-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckardt KU, Coresh J, Devuyst O, et al. Evolving importance of kidney disease: from subspecialty to global health burden. Lancet 2013;382(9887):158-69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network: united Network for Organ Sharing 2012 Annual Report. Health Resources and Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Richmond, VA, 2012. Available from: www.unos.org/docs/AnnualReport2012.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Marcén R, Fernández-rodriguez A, Rodríguez-mendiola N, et al. Evolution of rejection rates and kidney graft survival: a historical analysis. Transplant Proc 2009;41(6):2357-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orlando G, Wood KJ, Soker S, et al. How regenerative medicine may contribute to the achievement of an immunosuppression-free state. Transplantation 2011;92:36-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witzgall R, Brown D, Schwarz C, et al. Localization of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, vimentin, c-Fos and clusterin in the postischemic kidney. Evidence for a heterogenous genetic response among nephron segments and a large pool of mitotically active and dediffferentiated cells. J Clin Invest 1994;93:2175-88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li L, Xie T. Stem cell niche: structure and function. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2005;21:605-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin GR. Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1981;78:7634-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce SJ, Rea RW, Steptoe AL, et al. In vitro differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells toward a renal lineage. Differentiation 2007;75:337-49
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim D, Dressler GR. Nephrogenic factors promote differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into renal epithelial. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005;16:3527-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bratt-Leal AM, Carpenedo RL, McDevitt TC. Engineering the embryoid body microenvironment to direct embryonic stem cell differentiation. Biotechnol Prog 2009;25:43-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denker HW. Potentiality of embryonic stem cells: an ethical problem even with stem cell source. J Med Ethics 2006;32:665-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aldahmash A, Atteya M, Elsafadi M, et al. Teratoma formation in immunocompetent mice after syngeneic and allogeneic implantation of gerline capable mouse embryonic stem cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013;14:5705-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritner C, Bernstein HS. Fate mapping of human embryonic stem cells by teratoma formation. J Vis Exp 2010(42):2036
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uccelli A, Moretta L, Pistoia V. Mesenchymal stem cells in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2008;8:726-36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burdon TJ, Paul A, Noiseux N, et al. Bone marrow stem cell derived paracrine factors for regenerative medicine: current perspective and therapeutic potential. Bone Marrow Res 2011;2011:207326
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Humphreys BD, Bonventre JV. Mesenchymal stem cells in acute kidney injury. Annu Rev Med 2008;59:311-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lange C, Togel F, Ittrich H, et al. Administered mesenchymal stem cells enhance recovery from ischemia/reperfusion induced acute renal failure in rats. Kidney Int 2005;4:1613-17
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morigi M, Introna M, Imberti B, et al. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells accelerate recovery of acute renal injury and prolong survival in mice. Stem Cells 2008;26:2075-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reis LA, Borges FT, Simoes MJ, et al. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells repaired but did not prevent gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury through paracrine effects in rats. PLoS One 2012;7(9):e44092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayakawa M, Ishizaki M, Hayakawa J, et al. Role of bone marrow stem cells in the healing process of mouse experimental glomerulonephritis. Pediatr Res 2005;58:323-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Deane JA, Campanale NV, et al. The contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to the development of renal interstitial fibrosis. Stem Cells 2007;25:697-706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian H, Yang H, Xu W, et al. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate rat acute failure by differentiation into renal tubular epithelial-like cells. Int J mol Med 2008;22:325-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry J, Tam S, Zheng K, et al. Type IV collagen induces podocytic features in bone marrow stromal stem cells in vitro. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006;17:66-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim MG, Kim SH, Noh H, et al. CD11c(+) cells partially mediate the renoprotective effect induced by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2013;8:e72544
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beiral HJ, Rodriguez-Ferreira C, Fernandes AM, et al. The impact of stem cells on electron fluxes, proton translocation and ATP synthesis in kidney mitochondria after ischemia/reperfusion. Cell Transplant 2014;23:207-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moghadasali R, Azarnia M, Hajinnasrollah M, et al. Intra-renal arterial injection of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in a rhesus Macaque mulatta monkey model. Cytotherapy 2014;16:734-49
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrera MB, Bussolati B, Bruno S, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells contribute to the renal repair of acute tubular epithelial injury. Int J Mol Med 2004;14:1035-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morigi M, Imberti B, Zoja C, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells are renotropic, helping to repair the kidney and improve function in acute renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004;15:1794-804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figeac F, Lesault PF, Le Coz O, et al. Nanotubular crosstalk with distressed cardiomyocytes stimulates the paracrine repair function of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells 2014;32:216-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruno S, Grange C, Collino F, et al. Microvescicoles derived from mesenchymal stem cells enhance survival in a lethal model of acute kidney injury. PLoS One 2012;7:e33115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao JJ, Liu JL, Liu L, et al. Protection of mesenchymal stem cells on acute kidney injury. Mol Med Rep 2014;9:91-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hipp J, Atala A. Sources of stem cells for regenerative medicine. Stem Cell Rev 2008;4:3-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Coppi P, Bartsch G, Siddiqui MM, et al. Isolation of amniotic stem cell line with potential for therapy. Nat Biotechnol 2007;25:100-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perin L, Giuliani S, Jin D, et al. Renal differentiation of amniotic fluid stem cells. Cell Prolif 2007;40:936-48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauser PV, de Fazio R, Bruno S, et al. Stem cells derived from human amniotic fluid contribute to acute kidney injury recovery. Am J Pathol 2010;177:2011-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rota C, Imberti B, Pozzobon M, et al. Human amniotic fluid stem cell preconditioning improves their regenerative potential. Stem Cells Dev 2012;21:1911-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sedrakyan S, da Sacco S, Milanesi A, et al. Injection of amniotic fluid stem cells delays progression of renal fibrosis. JASN 2012;23:661-73
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun D, Bu L, Liu C, et al. Therapeutic effects of human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells on renal interstitial fibrosis in a murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. PLoS One 2013;8:e65042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maeshima A, Nakasatomi M, Nojima Y. Regenerative medicine for the kidney: renotropic factors, renal stem/progenitor cells, and stem cell therapy. Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:595493
   Google Scholar
• Takahashi K, Tanabe K, Ohnuki M, et al. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblast by defined factors. Cells 2007;131:861-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song B, et al. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human kidney mesangial cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011;22:1213-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou T, Benda C, Dunzinger S, et al. Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from urine samples. Nat Protoc 2012;7:2080-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedman BS, Lam AQ, Sundsbak JL, et al. Reduced ciliary polycystin-2 in induced pluripotent stem cells from polycystic kidney disease patient with PKD1 mutations. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013;24:1571-86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chin MH, Mason MJ, Xie W, et al. Induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells are distinguished by gene expression signatures. Cell Stem Cell 2009;5:111-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou YH, Pan SY, Yang CH, et al. Stem cells and kidney regeneration. J Formos Med Assoc 2014;113:201-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou T, Zhang ZN, Rong Z, et al. Immunogenicity of induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 2011;474:212-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee PY, Chien Y, Chiou GY, et al. Induced pluripotent stem cells without c-Myc attenuate acute kidney injury via downregulating the signaling of oxidative stress and imflammation in ischemia-reperfusion rats. Cell Transplant 2012;21:2569-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvatori M, Peloso A, Katari R, et al. Semi-xenotransplantation: the regenerative medicine-based approach to immunosuppression-free transplantation and to meet the organ demand. Xenotransplantation 2014. [Epub ahead of print]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orlando G, Soker S, Stratta RJ. Organ bioengineering and regeneration as the new Holy Grail for organ transplantation. Ann Surg 2013;258(2):221-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badylak SF, Taylor D, Uygun K. Whole-organ tissue engineering: decellularization and recellularization of three-dimensional matrix scaffolds. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2011;13:27-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badylak SF, Weiss DJ, Caplan A, et al. Engineered whole organs and complex tissues. Lancet 2012;379(9819):943-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bissell MJ, Hall HG, Parry G. How does the extracellular matrix direct gene expression? J Theor Biol 1982;99:31-68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hynes RO. The extracellular matrix: not just pretty fibrils. Science 2009;326:1216-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross EA, Williams MJ, Hamazaki T, et al. Embryonic stem cells proliferate and differentiate when seeded into kidney scaffolds. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009;20:2338-47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orlando G, Farney A, Sullivan DC, et al. Production and implantation of renal extracellular matrix scaffolds from porcine kidneys as a platform for renal bioengineering investigations. Ann Surg 2012;256:363-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakayama KH, Batchelder CA, Lee CI, et al. Decellularized rhesus monkey kidney as a three-dimensional scaffold for renal tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2010;16(7):2207-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakayama KH, Batchelder CA, Lee CI, et al. Renal tissue engineering with decellularized rhesus monkey kidneys: age-related differences. Tissue Eng Part A 2011;17(23-24):2891-901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakayama KH, Lee CC, Batchelder CA, et al. Tissue specificity of decellularized rhesus monkey kidney and lung scaffolds. PLoS One 2013;8(5):e64134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan DC, Mirmalek-Sani SH, Deegan DB, et al. Decellularization methods of porcine kidneys for whole organ engineering using a high-throughput system. Biomaterials 2012;33(31):7756-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song JJ, Guyette JP, Gilpin SE, et al. Regeneration and experimental orthotopic transplantation of a bioengineered kidney. Nat Med 2013;19(5):646-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonandrini B, Figliuzzi M, Papadimou E, et al. Recellularization of well-preserved acellular kidney scaffold using embryonic stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2014;20(9-10):1486-98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Bao J, Wu Q, et al. Method for perfusion decellularization of porcine whole liver and kidney for use as a scaffold for clinical-scale bioengineering engrafts. Xenotransplantation 2014. [ Epub ahead of print]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi SH, Chun SY, Chae SY, et al. Development of a porcine renal extracellular matrix scaffold as a platform for kidney regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014. [ Epub ahead of print]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orlando G, Booth C, Wang Z, et al. Discarded human kidneys as a source of ECM scaffold for kidney regeneration technologies. Biomaterials 2013;34:5915-25
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network: united Network for Organ Sharing 2012 Annual Report: Health Resources and Service Administration. Richmond, US Department of Health and Human Services. 2012. Available from: http://www.unos.org/docs/AnnualReport2012.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Matas AJ, Smith JM, Skeans MA, et al. OPTN/SRTR 2011 Annual Data Report: Kidney. Am J Transplant 2013;13:11-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates DW, Su L, Yu DT, et al. Mortality and cost of acute renal failure associated with amphotericin B therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2001;32:686-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aebischer P, Ip TK, Panol G, et al. The bioartificial kidney: process towards an ultrafiltration device with renal epithelial cells processing. Life Support Syst 1987;5:159-68
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roy S, Goldman K, Marchant R, et al. Implanted renal replacement for end-stage renal disease. 2011;53:155-66
   Google Scholar
• Wester M, Gerritsen KG, Boer WH, et al. The wearable artificial kidney: a promise for the future? Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2013;157:A6965
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tasmin F, Deng R, Hu M, et al. Achievements and challenges in bioartificial kidney development. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repar 2010;3:14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nikolovsky J, Gulari E, Humes HD. Design engineering of a bioartificial renal tubule cell therapy device. Cell Transplant 1999;8:351-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humes HD, Mackay SM, Funke AJ, et al. Tissue engineering of a bioartificial renal tubule assist device: in vitro transport and metabolic characteristic. Kidney Int 1999;55:2502-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humes HD, Buffington DA, MacKay SM, et al. Replacement of renal function in uremic animals with a tissue-engineered kidney. Nat Biotechnol 1999;17:451-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fissel WH, Lou L, Abrishami S, et al. Bioartificial kidney ameliorates gram-negative bacteria-induced septic shock in uremic animals. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003;14:454-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tumlin J, Wali R, Williams W, et al. Efficacy and safety of renal tubule cell therapy for acute renal failure. JASN 2008;19:1034-40
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu CY, Lin F, Vittinghoff E, et al. Racial differences in the progression from chronic renal insufficiency to end-stage renal disease in the United States. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003;14(11):2902-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowie CC, Port FK, Wolfe RA, et al. Disparities in incidence of diabetic end-stage renal disease according to race and type of diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine 1989;321(16):1074-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson H, Betton G, Robinson D, et al. Concordance of the toxicity of pharmaceuticals in humans and in animals. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2000;32(1):56-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alley MC, Scudiero DA, Monks A, et al. Feasibility of drug screening with panels of human tumor cell lines using a microculture tetrazolium assay. Cancer Res 1988;48(3):589-601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pampaloni F, Emmanuel G, Ernst HK, Stelzer The third dimension bridges the gap between cell culture and live tissue. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2007;8(10):839-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedrich J, Seidel C, Ebner R, Kunz-Schughart LA. Nat Protoc 2009;4:309-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunz-Schughart LA, Freyer JP, Hofstaedter F, Ebner R. J Biomol Screening 2004;9:273-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang KJ, Mehr AP, Hamilton GA, et al. Human kidney proximal tubule-on-a-chip for drug transport and nephrotoxicity assessment. Integr Biol 2013;5:1119-29
   Google Scholar
• Ferrell N, Desai RR, Fleischman AJ, et al. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010;107:707-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang KJ, Cho HS, Kang DH, et al. Fluid-shear-stress-induced translocation of aquaporin-2 and reorganization of actin cytoskeleton in renal tubular epithelial cells. Integr Biol 2011;3:134-41
   Google Scholar
• Jang KJ, Suh KY. A multi-layer microfluidic device for efficient culture and analysis of renal tubular cells. Lab Chip 2010;10:36-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang KJ, Cho HS, Kang H, et al. Human kidney proximal tubule-on-a-chip for drug transport and nephrotoxicity assessment. Integr Biol 2013;5:1119-29
   Google Scholar
• Choucha-Snouber L, Aninat C, Grsicom L, et al. Investigation of ifosfamide nephrotoxicity induced in a liver-kidney co-culture biochip. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013;110(2):597-608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choucha SL, Jacques S, Monge M, et al. Transcriptomic analysis of the effect of ifosfamide on MDCK cells cultivated in microfluidic biochips. Genomics 2012;100:27-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei Z, Amponsah PK, Al-Shatti M, et al. Engineering of polarized tubular structures in a microfluidic device to study calcium phosphate stone formation. Lab Chip 2012;12:4037-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy SV, Atala A. 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs. Nat Biotech 2014;32:773-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skardal A, Mack D, Kapetanovic E, et al. Bioprinted amniotic fluid-derived stem cells accelerate healing of large skin wounds. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012;1:792-802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch L, Kuhn S, Sorg H, et al. Laser printing of skin cells and human stem cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010;16:847-54
   Google Scholar
• Shor L, et al. Precision extruding deposition (PED) fabrication of polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biofabrication 2009;1:015003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norotte C, Marga FS, Niklason LE, et al. Scaffold-free vascular tissue engineering using bioprinting. Biomaterials 2009;30:5910-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zopf DA, Hollister SJ, Nelson ME, et al. Bioresorbable airway splint created with a three-dimensional printer. N Engl J Med 2013;368:2043-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duan B, Hockaday LA, Kang KH, et al. 3D bioprinting of heterogeneous aortic valve conduits with alginate/gelatin hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013;101:1255-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui X, Breitenkamp K, Finn MG, et al. Direct human cartilage repair using three-dimensional bioprinting technology. Tissue Eng Part A 2012;18:1304-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mironov V. Toward human organ printing: Charleston Bioprinting Symposium. ASAIO J 2006;52(6):e27-30
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mironov V, Visconti RP, Kasyanov V, et al. Organ printing: tissue spheroids as building blocks. Biomaterials 2009;30(12):2164-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakab K, Norotte C, Damon B, et al. Tissue engineering by self-assembly of cells printed into topologically defined structures. Tissue Engineering Part A 2008;14(3):413-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unbekandt M, Davies JA. Dissociation of embryonic kidneys followed by reaggregation allows the formation of renal tissues. Kidney Int 2010;77:407-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganeva V, Unbekandt M, Davies JA, et al. An improved kidney dissociation and reaggregation culture system results in nephrons arranged organotypically around a single collecting duct system. Organogenesis 2011;7:83-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang CH, Davies JA. An improved method of renal tissue engineering, by combining renal dissociation and reaggregation with a low-volume culture technique, results in development of engineered kidneys complete with loops of Henle. Nephron Exp Nephrol 2012;121:79-85
   Google Scholar
• Davies JA, Chang CH. Engineering kidneys from simple cell suspensions: an exercise in self-organization. Paediatr Nephrol 2013;29(4):519-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xinaris C. In vivo maturation of functional renal organoids formed from embryonic cell suspensions. J Am Soc Nephrol 2012;23:1857-68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy SV, Skardal A, Atala A. Evaluation of hydrogels for bio-printing applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013;101:272-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura M, Iwanaga S, Henmi C, et al. Biomatrices and biomaterials for future developments of bioprinting and biofabrication. Biofabrication 2010;2(1):014110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishiyama Y, Nakamura M, Henmi C, et al. Development of a three-dimensional bioprinter: construction of cell supporting structures using hydrogel and state-of-the-art inkjet technology. J Biomech Eng 2009;131(3):035001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazutoshi T, Yamanaka S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell 2006;126(4):663-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Covic A, Kothawala P, Bernal M, et al. Systematic review of the evidence underlying the association between mineral metabolism disturbances and risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009;24(5):1506-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jassal SV, Krahn MD, Naglie G, et al. Kidney transplantation in the elderly: a decision analysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003;14(1):187-96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tasnim F, Deng R, Hu M, et al. Achievements and challenges in bioartificial kidney development. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair 2010;3:14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Macchiarini P, Vogel G. Trachea transplants test the limits. Science 2013;340(6130):266-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar