508
Views
65
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Th1/Th2 cells in inflammatory disease states: therapeutic implications

, , , , , & show all
Pages 1887-1896 | Published online: 22 Feb 2005

Bibliography

  • GALLIN JL, GOLDSTEIN IM, SNYDERMAN R: Inflammation: Basic Pt-Maples and Clinical Correlates. Gallin JL, Goldstein IM, Snyderman R (Eds), Raven Press, New York, USA (1988).
  • CHERWINSK HM, SCHUMACHER JH, BROWN KD, MOSMANN TR: Two types of mouse helper T cell clone. III. Further differences in lymphocyte synthesis between Thl and Th2 clones revealed by RNA hybridization, functionally mono-specific bioassays, and monoclonal antibodies. J. Exp. Med. (1987) 166:1229–1244.
  • ROMAGNANI S: Human Thl and Th2 subsets: doubts no more. Immunol Today (1991) 12:256–257.
  • KAPSENBERG M: Dendritic cell control of pathogen driven T cell polarization. Nat. Rev. Immunol (2003) 3:984–993.
  • BARTON GM, MEDZHITOV R: Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Science (2003) 300:1524–1525.
  • EISENBARTH SC, PIGGOTT DA, HULEATT JW, VISINTIN I,HERRICK CA, BOTTOMLY K: Lipolysaccaride-enhanced, Toll like receptor 4 dependent T helper cell Type 2 responses to inhaled antigen. I Exp. Med. (2002) 197:101–109.
  • REDECKE V, HACKER H, DATTA SK et al: Activation of toll like receptor 2 induces a Th2 immune response and promotes experimental asthma. J. Immunol (2004) 172:2739–2743.
  • ROMAGNANI S: The increased prevalence of allergy and the hygienehypothesis: missing immune deviation, reduced immune suppression or both? Immunology (2004) 112:352–362.
  • NO AUTHORS LISTED: National Asthma Education And Prevention Export Panel Report. National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute, USA (1997).
  • ROBINSON DS, HAMID Q, YING S et al.: Predominant TH2-like bronchoalveolar T lymphocyte population in atopic asthma. N Engl. J. Med. (1992) 326:298–304.
  • CORRIGAN CJ, HACZKU A, GEMOU-ENGESAETH V et al: CD4 T lymphocyte activation in asthma is accompanied by increased serum concentrations of Interluekin-5, effects of glucocorticoid therapy. Am. Rev Respir. Dis. (1993) 147:540–547.
  • KAY AB: Allergy and allergic disease. N Engl. J. Med. (2001) 344:30–37.
  • HERRICK C, BOTTOMLY K: To respond or not respond: T cells in allergic asthma. Nat. Rev. Immunol (2003) 3:405–412.
  • FINOTTO S, NEURATH ME GLICKMAN JN et al.: Development of spontaneous airway changes consistent with human asthma in lice lacking T-bet. Science (2002) 295:336–338.
  • CORRIGAN CJ, KAY AB: CD4T lymphocyte activation in acute severe asthma. Relationship to disease severity and atopic status. Am. Rev Respir. Dis. (1990) 141:970–977.
  • MOSS RB, SCOTT TA, GOLDRICH M et al.: Nasal mucosal cells in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seropositive patients with sinusitis. I Clin. Lab. Anal. (1996) 10:18–22.
  • CLERICI M, GIORGI JV, CHOU CC et al.: Cell mediated immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in seronegative homosexual men with recent sexual exposure to HIV-1. J. Infect. Dis. (1992) 165:1012–1019.
  • ROMAGNANI S: Regulation of the development of type 2 T-helper cells in allergy. Curr. Opin. Immunol (1994) 6:616–622.
  • MAGGI E, MAZZETTI M, RAVINA A et al: Ability of HIV-1 to promote a Thl to Th0 shift and to replicate preferentially inTh2 and Th0 cells. Science (1994) 265:244–244.
  • FOWKE KR, NAGELKERKE NJ, KIMANI J et al.: Resistance to HIV-1 infection among persistently seronegative prostitutes in Nairobi, Kenya. Lancet (1996) 348:1347–1351.
  • ROWLAND-JONES SL, DONG T, FOWKE KR et al.: Cytotoxic T cell responses to multiple conserved HIV epitopes in HIV resistant prostitutes in Nairobi. J. Gin. Invest. (1998) 102:1758–1765.
  • MOSS RB, SALK P: CD8+ memory T cells require CD4+ T cell help: implications for therapeutic and preventative HIV vaccines. AIDSCIENCE (2003)3.
  • SALK P, SALK J: Cell mediatedimmunologic memory in prevention of and treatment of HIV disease. Res. Immunol (1994) 145:629–633.
  • CHOY E, PANAYI GS: Cytokine pathways and joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. N. Engl. J. Med. (2001) 344:907–916.
  • VAN DE PUTTE LB, RAU R,BREEDVELD FC et al.: Efficacy and safety of the fully human anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody adalimumab (D2E7) in DMARD refractory patients with rheumatoid arthritis:a 12 week Phase II study. Ann. Rheum. Dis. (2003) 62:1168–1177.
  • RUDDICK RA, COHEN JA, VVEINSTOCK-GUTTMAN B, KIMKEL RP, RANSOHOFF Management of multiple sclerosis. N Engl. [Med. (1997) 337:1604–1611.
  • TRAUGOT U, REINHERZ EL,RAINE CS: Multiple sclerosis: distribution of T cells, T cell subsets, and I-a positive macrophages in lesions of different ages. Neuroimmunol (1983) 4:201–221.
  • NATHAN D: Long-term complications of diabetes. N Engl. J. Med. (1993) 328:1676–1685.
  • BOTTAZZO GE DEAN BM, MCNALLY JM, MACKAY EH, SWIFT PG, GAMBLE DR: In situ characterization of autoimmune phenomena and expression of HLA molecules in the pancreas in diabetic insulitis. N Engl. I Med. (1985) 313:353–360.
  • REBINOVITCH A,SUEREZ-PINZON WL: Cytokines and their roles in pancreatic islet beta celldestruction and insulin dependent diabetesmellitus. Biochem. Pharmacol (1998) 11:39–49.
  • HEROLD KC, HAGOPIAN W, AUGER JA et al.: Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus. N Engl. I Med. (2002) 346:1692–1698.
  • ROSS R: Atherosclerosis - an inflammatorydisease. N Engl. J. Med. (1999) 340:115–126.
  • KIECHL S, WIEDERMANN CJ, WILLEIT J: Toll-like receptor 4 and atherogenesis. Ann. Med. (2003) 35:164–171.
  • DE KLEIJN D, PASTERKAMP G: Toll-like receptors in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc. Res. (2003) 15:58–67.
  • RIDKER PH, HENNEKENS CH, BURING JE, RIFAI N: C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. N Engl I Med. (2000) 342:836–843.
  • DUDLEY ME, ROSENBERG SA: Adoptive cell transfer therapy for the treatment of patients with cancer. Nature (2003) 3:666–674.
  • NISHIMURA T, NVAKABE K, SEKIMOTO M et al: Distinct role of antigen-specific T helper type 1 (Thl) and Th2 cells in tumor eradication in vivo. J. Exp. Med. (1999) 5:617–627.
  • KOUTSKY LA, AULT KA,WHEELER CM et al.: A controlled trial of a human papillomavirus type 16 vaccine. N. Engl. J. Med. (2002) 21:1645–1651.
  • PINTO LA, EDWARDS J, CASTLE PE et al: Cellular immune responses to human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 Li in healthy volunteers immunized with recombinant HPV-16 Li virus-like particles." Infect. Dis. (2003) 188:327–338.
  • SALK JE: Studies in human subjects on active immunization against poliomyelitis. "AMA (1953) 151:1081–1098.
  • HILLEMAN MR: Overview of the needs and realities for developing new and improved vaccines in the 21st Century. Intervirilogy (2002) 45:199–211.
  • BENT WICH Z, WEISMAN Z,MOROZ C, BAR-YEHUDA S,KALINKOVICH A: Immune dysregulation in Ethiopian immigrants in Israel, relevance to helminth infections? Clin. Exp. Immunol (1996) 103:239–243.
  • BENTWICH Z, KALINKOVICH A, WEISMAN Z: Immune activation is a dominant factor in the pathogenesis of African AIDS. Immunol Today (1995) 16:187–191.
  • WOLDAY D, MAYAAN S, MARIAM ZG et al.: Treatment of intestinal worms is associated with decreased HIV plasma viral load. I Atypic Immune Defic. Syndr. (2002) 31:56–62.
  • WILLIAMS CF, KLINZMAN D, YAMASHITA T et al.: Persistent GB virusC infection and survival in HIV-infected men. N Engl. J. Med. (2004) 350:981–990.
  • NUNNARI G, NIGRO L, PALERMO F et al.: Slower progression of HIV-1 Infection in persons with GB virus C co-infection correlates with an intact T helper cytokine profile. Ann. Intern. Med. (2003) 139:26–30.
  • XIANG J, GEORGE S,WUNSCHMAN S, CHUG Q, KLINZMAN D, STAPLETON J: Inhibition of replication by GB virus C infection through increase in Rantes, MIP-la, MIP-1I3, and SDF-1. Lancet (2004) 363:2040–2046.
  • YAZDANBAKHSH M,MATRICARDI PM: Parasites and the hygiene hypothesis; regulating the immune system? Gin. Rev Allergy Immunol (2004) 1:15–24.
  • WILLIAMS LK, PETERSON EL, OWNBY DR JOHNSON CC: The relationship between early fever and allergic sensitization at age 6 to 7 years. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol (2004) 113:291–296.
  • TAMURA Y, PENG P, LUI K, DAOU M, SRIVASTAVA PK: Immunotherapy of tumors with autologous tumor derived heat shock proteins preparations. Science (1997) 27:117–120.
  • WANT, ZHOU X, CHEN G et al: Novel heat shock protein HSP7OL1 activates dentritic cells and acts as a Thl polarizing adjuvant. Blood (2004) 103: 1747-1754.
  • HOOS A, LEVEY DL: Vaccination with heat shock protein-peptide complexes: from basic science to clinical applications. Expert Rev Vaccines (2003) 3:369–379.
  • TOKUNAGA T, YAMAMOTO H, SHIMADA S et al: Antitumor activity of deoxyribunucleic acid fraction from Mycobacterium bovis BCG. I. Isolation, physicochemical characterization, and antitumor activity. I Natl. Cancer Inst. (1984) 72:955–962.
  • MOHAMADAZDEH M, LUFTIG R: Dendritic cells: in the forefront of immunopathogenesis and vaccine development - a review. J. Immune Based Ther. Vaccines (2004) 2:1.
  • DUMAIS N, PATRICK A, MOSS RB, DAVIS HL, ROSENTHAL KL: Mucosal immunization with inactivated human immunodeficiency virus plus CpG oligodeoxynucleeotides induce genital immune responses and protection against intravaginal challenge. J. Infect. Dis. (2002) 186:1098–1105.
  • GOLDBERG B, URN OVITZ HB, STRICKER RB: Beyond Danger: unmethylated CpG dinucleotides and the immunopathogenesis of disease. Immunol Lett. (2000) 73:13–18.
  • SEGAL BM, CHANG JT,SHEVACH EM: CpG oligonucleotides are potent adjuvants for the activation of autoreactive encephalitogenic T cells in vivo. J. Immunol (2000) 164:5683–5688.
  • KRIEG AM: The role of CpG motifs in innate immunity. Carr: Opin. Immunol (2000) 12:35–43.
  • KLINE JN, WALDSCHMIDT TJ, BUSINGA TR et al.: Modulation of airway inflammation by CpG oligonucleotides in a murine model of asthma. J. Immunol (1998) 160:2555–2559.
  • CHIANG DJ, YE YL, CHEN WL, LEE YL, HSU NY, CHIANG BL: Ribavarin or CpG DNA sequence-modulated dendritic cells decrease the IgE level and airway inflammation. kn. Respic Grit. Care Med. (2003) 68:575–580.
  • SHIROTA H, SANO K, KIKUCHI T, TAMURA G, SHIRATO K: Regulation of T-helper type 2 cell and airway eosinophilia by transmucosal coadminsitration of antigen and oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs. Am. J. Respic Cell Mol Biol. (2000) 22:176–182.
  • MOSS RB, DIVELEY J, JENSEN F, CARLO DJ: In vitro immune function aftervaccination with an inactivated, gp120-depleted HIV-1 antigen with immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides. Vaccine (2000) 18:1081–1087.
  • HORNER AA, PAZ E: Immunostimulatory sequence oligodeoxynucleotides: a novel mucosal adjuvant. Clin. Immmunol (2000) 95:S19–S29.
  • CORRAL RS, PETRAY PB: CpG DNA as a Thl-promoting adjuvant in immunization against Trypanosoma cruzi Vaccine (2000) 19:234–242.
  • HEIKENWALDER M,POLYMENIDOU M, JUNT T et al.: Lymphoid follicle destruction and immunsuppression after repeated CpG oligodeoxynucleotide administration. Nat. Med. (2004) 2:187–192.
  • MCINTIRE JJ, UMETSU SE, AKBARI 0 et al.: Identification of Tapr (an airway hyperreactivity regulatory locus) and the linked Tim gene family. Nat. Immunol (2001) 2:1109–1116.
  • MONNEY L, SABATOS CA, GAGLIA JLet al.: Thl-specific cell surface protein Tim-3 regulates macrophage activation and severity of an autoimmune disease. Nature (2002) 415:536–541.
  • ICHIMURA T, BONVENTRE JV, BAILLY V et al.: Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), a putative epithelial cell adhesion molecule containing a novel immunoglobulin domain, is up-regulated in renal cells after injury. J. Biol. Chem. (1998) 273:4135–4142.
  • KAPLAN G, TOTSUKA A, THOMPSON P, AKATSUKA, MORITSUGU Y, FEINSTON SM: Identification of a surface glycoprotein on African green monkey kidney cells as a receptor for hepatitis A virus. EMBO (1996) 15:4282–4296.
  • KUCHROO VK, UMETSU DT, DEKRUYFF RH, FREEMAN GJ: The TIM gene family: emerging roles inimmunity and disease. Nat. Rev Immunol (2003) 3:454–462.
  • MATRICARDI PM, ROSMINI F, FERRIGNO L et al.: Cross sectional retrospective study of prevalence of atopy among Italian military students with antibodies against hepatitis A virus. Br. Med. J. (1997) 314:999–1003.
  • MATRICARDI PM, ROSMINI F, PANETTA V, FERRIGNO L, BONINI S: Hay fever and asthma in relation to markers of infection in the United States. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol (2002) 110:381–387.
  • MCINTIRE JJ, UMETSU SE, MACAUBAS C et al.: Immunology: hepatitis A virus link to atopic disease. Nature (2003) 425:576.
  • CHAE SC, SONG JH, LEE YC, KIM JW, CHUNG HT: The association of the exon 4 variations of Tim-1 gene with allergic diseases in a Korean population. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (2003) 312:346–350.
  • SANCHEZ-FUEYO A, TIAN J, PICARELLA D et al.: Tim-3 inhibits T helper type 1-mediated auto- and alloimmune responses and promotes immunological tolerance. Nat. Immunol (2003) 4:1093–1101.
  • SABATOS CA, CHAKRAVARTI S, CHA E et al.: Interaction of Tim-3 and Tim-3 ligand regulates T helper type 1 responses and induction of peripheral tolerance. Nat. Immunol (2003) 4:1102–1110.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.