47
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Immunotherapy and immunoprevention of cancer: where do we stand?

, &
Pages 717-726 | Published online: 24 Nov 2005

Bibliography

  • MITCHISON NA: The immunogenicity of tumors. In: Cytokine-Induced Tumor Immunogeniciiy. From Exogenous Molecules to Gene Therapy. Forni G, Foa R, Santoni A, Frati L (Ed.), Academic Press Limited, London, UK (1994):3–11.
  • ••A critical evaluation oftumour immunotherapy.
  • ERLICH P: Uber den jetzigen stand der karzinomforschung. Ned. lijdschr. Geneeeskd. (1909) 5:273–290.
  • ROSENBERG SA, YANG JC, RESTIFO NP: Cancer immunotherapy: moving beyond current vaccines. Nat. Med. (2004) 10(9):909–915.
  • •A meditation on the poor outcome of therapeutic vaccination.
  • PARMIANI G, PILLA L, CASTELLI C, RIVOLTINI L: Vaccination of patients with solid tumours. Ann. Oncol (2003) 14(6):817–824.
  • •An authoritative review of the results obtained.
  • HERICOURT J, RICHET C: Traitment d'un cas de sarcome par la serotherapie. Compte rendu hebdomadaire des sceances de PAcadamie des sciences (1895) 120(7):948–952.
  • HOUGHTON AN, LLOYD KO: Stuck in the MUC on the long and winding road. Nat. Med. (1998) 4(3):270–271.
  • ••A witty comment on the T cell chauvinismtaking over tumour immunology.
  • SJOGREN HO, HELLSTROM I, BANSAL SC, HELLSTROM KE: Suggestive evidence that the 'blocking antibodies' of tumor-bearing individuals may be antigen-antibody complexes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA (1971) 68(6):1372–1375.
  • •A suggestive way to put immunotherapy into a historical perspective.
  • KOHLER G, MILSTEIN C: Continuous cultures of fused cells producing antibodies of predefined specificity. Nature (1981) 256:495–497.
  • ••A landmark paper.
  • VON MEHREN M, ADAMS GP, WEINER LM: Monoclonal antibody therapy for cancer. Annu. Rev. Med. (2003) 54:343–369.
  • •A detailed reference review.
  • DENNY WA: Tumor-activated prodrugs-a new approach to cancer therapy. Cancer Invest. (2004) 22(4):604–619.
  • ROSENBLUM M: Immunotoxins and toxin constructs in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. Adv. Pharmacol (2004) 51:209–228.
  • •A thorough review of immunotoxins.
  • YOSHIOKA Y, TSUTSUMI Y, NAKAGAWA S, MAYUMI T: Recent progress on tumor missile therapy and tumor vascular targeting therapy as a new approach. Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol (2004) 2(3):259–270.
  • DYBA M, TARASOVA NI, MICHEJDA CJ: Small molecule toxins targeting tumor receptors. Curr. Pharm. Des. (2004) 10(19):2311–2334.
  • RIETHMULLER G, SCHNEIDER-GADICKE E, SCHLIMOK G et al.: Randomised trial of monoclonal antibody for adjuvant therapy of resected Dukes' C colorectal carcinoma. German Cancer Aid 17-1A Study Group. Lancet (1994) 343(8907):1177–1183.
  • RIETHMULLER G, HOLZ E, SCHLIMOK Get al.: Monoclonal antibody therapy for resected Dukes' C colorectal cancer: seven-year outcome of a multicenter randomized trial. J. Clin. Oncol. (1998) 16(5):1788–1794.
  • ••A landmark paper on the use of mAbs intumour prevention.
  • ROQUE AC, LOWE CR, TAIPA MA: Antibodies and genetically engineered related molecules: production and purification. BiotechnoL Prog. (2004) 20(3):639–654.
  • MALONEY D, GRILLO-LOPEZ A, BODKIN D et al.: IDEC-C2B8: results of a Phase I multiple-dose trial in patients with relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol. (1997) 15:3266–3274.
  • MALONEY D, GRILLO-LOPEZ A, WHITE C: IDEC-C2B8 (Rituximab) anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy in patients with relapsed low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Blood (1997) 90:2188–2195.
  • COBLEIGH M, VOGEL C, TRIPATHY D et al.: Multinational study of the efficacy and safety of humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody in women who have HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer that has progressed after chemotherapy for metastatic disease. J. Clin. Oncol. (1999) 17:2639–2648.
  • BASELGA J, TRIPATHY D, MENDELSOHN J et al.: Phase II study of weekly intravenous recombinant humanized antip185HER2 monoclonal antibody in patients with HER2/neu-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (1996) 14:737–744.
  • SATO JD, KAWAMOTO T, LE AD, MENDELSOHN J, POLIKOFF J, SATO GH: Biological effects in vitro of monoclonal antibodies to human epidermal growth factor receptors. MoL Biol. Med. (1983) 1(5):511–529.
  • BASELGA J, PFISTER D, COOPER MR et aL: Phase I studies of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor chimeric antibody C225 alone and in combination with cisplatin. j Clin. Oncol. (2000) 18:904–914.
  • SALTZ LB, MEROPOL NJ, LOEHRER PJ SR, NEEDLE MN, KOPIT J, MAYER RJ: Phase II trial of cetuximab in patients with refractory colorectal cancer that expresses the epidermal growth factor receptor./ Clin. Oncol. (2004) 22(7):1201–1208.
  • HINODA Y, SASAKI S, ISHIDA T, IMAI K: Monoclonal antibodies as effective therapeutic agents for solid tumors. Cancer Sci. (2004) 95(8):621–625.
  • •A thorough review of mAbs against solid tumours.
  • HALE G, ZHANG M, BUNJES D et aL:Improving the outcome of bone marrow transplantation by using CD52 monoclonal antibodies to prevent graft-versus-host disease and graft rejection. Blood (1998) 92:4581–4590.
  • BOWEN A, ZOMAS A, EMMETT E et aL: Subcutaneous CAMPATH-1H in fludarabine-resistandrelapsed chronic lymphocytic and B-prolymphocytic leukaemia. Br. J. HaematoL (1997) 96:617–619.
  • LUNDIN J, OSTERBORG A, BRITTINGER G et aL: CAMPATH-1H monoclonal antibody in therapy for previously treated low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: a Phase II multicenter study. European Study Group of CAMPATH-1H Treatment in Low-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol. (1998) 16:3257–3263.
  • GORDON M, MARGOLIN K, TALPAZ M et aL: Phase I safety and pharmacokinetic study of recombinant human anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with advanced cancer. Clin. Oncol. (2001) 19:843–850.
  • FERRARA N: Vascular endothelial growth factor: basic science and clinical progress. Endocr. Rev. (2004) 25(4):581–611.
  • •An inspiring review of the potential of antiangiogenic therapy.
  • PRICE N: Bevacizumab improves the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Clin. Colorectal Cancer (2004) 4(2):89–91.
  • GRAHAM J, MUHSIN M, KIRKPATRICK P: Bevacizumab. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. (2004) 3(12):995–996.
  • CRAWFORD LM JR: From the Food and Drug Administration. JAMA (2002) 287(13):1640.
  • THEUER CP, LEIGH BR, MULTANI PS, ALLEN RS, LIANG BC: Radioimmunotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Clinical development of the Zevalin regimen. BiotechnoL Annu. Rev. (2004) 10:265–295.
  • ZELENETZ AD: A clinical and scientific overview of tositumomab and iodine 1131 tositumomab. Semin. Oncol. (2003) 30(2 Suppl. 4):22–30.
  • HORNING SJ, YOUNES A. JAIN Vet aL: Efficacy and safety of tositumomab and iodine-131 tositumomab (Bexxar) in B-cell lymphoma, progressive after rituximab. Clin. Oncol. (2005) 23(4):712–719.
  • VOSE JM: Bexxar: novel radioimmunotherapy for the treatment of low-grade and transformed low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Oncologist (2004) 9(2):160–172.
  • GILES FJ: Gemtuzumab ozogamicin: promise and challenge in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Rev. Anticancer Ther. (2002) 2(0:630–640.
  • ROSS JS, SCHENKEIN DP, PIETRUSKO R et al.: Targeted therapies for cancer 2004. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. (2004) 122(4):598–609.
  • MILOWSKY MI, NANUS DM, KOSTAKOGLU L, VALLABHAJOSULA S, GOLDSMITH SJ, BANDER NH: Phase I trial of yttrium-90-labeled anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen monoclonal antibody J591 for androgen-independent prostate cancer./ Clin. Oncol. (2004) 22(13):2522–2531.
  • KREITMAN RJ, WILSON WH, BERGERON K et al.: Efficacy of the anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin BL22 in chemotherapy-resistant hairy-cell leukemia. N Engl. J. Med. (2001) 345(4):241–247.
  • BARTH S: Technology evaluation: BL22, NCI. Curr. Opin. Mob. Ther. (2002) 4(1):72–75.
  • KREITMAN RJ: Recombinant immunotoxins for the treatment of haematological malignancies. Expert. Opin. Biol. Ther. (2004) 4(7):1115–1128.
  • •A comprehensive review of the potential of immunotoxins in cancer therapy.
  • JERNE NK: Towards a network theory of the immune system. Ann. ImmunoL (Paris) (1974) 125:373–389.
  • TSUJISAKI M, IMAI K, TOKUCHI S et al.: Induction of antigen-specific immune response with use of antiidiotypic monoclonal antibodies to anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibodies. Cancer Res. (1991) 51:2599–2604.
  • HINODA Y, SASAKI S, ISHIDA T, IMAI K: Monoclonal antibodies as effective therapeutic agents for solid tumors. Cancer Sci. (2004) 95(8):621–625.
  • ROQUE AC, LOWE CR, TAIPA MA: Antibodies and genetically engineered related molecules: production and purification. BiotechnoL Prog (2004) 20(3):639–654.
  • •A thorough review of the possibilities of genetically engineering an antibody molecule.
  • KATAOKA A, ISHIDA M, MURAKAMI S, OHNO S: Sensitization of chemotherapy by anti-HER. Breast Cancer (2004) 11:105–115.
  • WHITWORTH PW, PAK CC, ESGRO J, KLEINERMAN ES, FIDLER IJ: Macrophages and cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev. (1990) 8(4):319–351.
  • •A historical paper on the activation of macrophages as anticancer cells.
  • ROSENBERG SA, LOTZE MT, MUUL LM et al.: A progress report on the treatment of 157 patients with advanced cancer using lymphokine-activated killer cells and interleukin-2 or high-dose interleukin-2 alone. N Engl. J. Med. (1987) 316(15):889–897.
  • ••A landmark paper on adoptive therapy.
  • ROSENBERG SA, LOTZE MT, MUUL LM et al.: Observations on the systemic administration of autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin-2 to patients with metastatic cancer. N Engl. J. Med. (1985) 313(23):1485–1492.
  • ••A landmark paper on adoptive therapy.
  • DUDLEY ME, WUNDERLICH JR, ROBBINS PF et al.: Cancer regression and autoimmunity in patients after clonal repopulation with antitumor lymphocytes. Science. (2002) 298(5594):850–854.
  • DUDLEY ME, ROSENBERG SA: Adoptive-cell-transfer therapy for the treatment of patients with cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer (2003) 3(9):666–675.
  • BLATTMAN JN, GREENBERG PD: Cancer immunotherapy: a treatment for the masses. Science (2004) 305(5681):200–205.
  • ••A manifesto on the potential of adoptiveT cell therapy in cancer.
  • GUSTAFSSON A, LEVITSKY V, ZOU JZ et al.: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) load in bone marrow transplant recipients at risk to develop posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease: prophylactic infusion of EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells. Blood (2000) 95(3):807–814.
  • COMOLI P, LABIRIO M, BASSO S et al: Infusion of autologous Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific cytotoxic T cells for prevention of EBV-related lymphoproliferative disorder in solid organ transplant recipients with evidence of active virus replication. Blood (2002) 99(7):2592–2598.
  • BOLLARD CM, AGUILAR L, STRAATHOF KC et al.: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte therapy for Epstein-Barr virus+ Hodgkin's disease. J. Exp. Med. (2004) 200(12):1623–1633.
  • GOTTSCHALK S, HESLOP HE, ROONEY CM: Adoptive immunotherapy for EBV-associated malignancies. Leuk. Lymphoma (2005) 46(1):1–10.
  • COOLEY WB: The treatment of malignant tumors by repeated inoculations of erysipelas; with a report of ten original cases. Am. J. Med. Sci. (1893) 105(3):183–212.
  • ••A landmark historical paper.
  • OLD LJ: Tumor immunology: the first century. Curr. Opin. Immunol (1992) 4(5):603–607.
  • ••A moving historical perspective.
  • TAKEDA K, AKIRA S: TLR signaling pathways. Semin. Immunol. (2004) 16(1):3–9.
  • ZBAR B, HUNTER JT, RAPP HJ, CANTI GF: Immunotherapy of bilateral lymph node metastases in guinea pigs by intralesional or paralesional injection of Mycobacterium bovis (BCG). j Natl Cancer Inst. (1978) 60(5):1163–1168.
  • GRUNHAGEN DJ, BRUNSTEIN F, TEN HAGEN TL, VAN GEEL AN, DE WILT JH, EGGERMONT AM: TNF-based isolated limb perfusion: a decade of experience with antivascular therapy in the management of locally advanced extremity soft tissue sarcomas. Cancer Treat. Res. (2004) 120:65–79.
  • ••A report on the astonishing potential oflocal TNF.
  • MOLIFE R, HANCOCK BW: Adjuvant therapy of malignant melanoma. Crit. Rev. Oncol HematoL (2002) 44 (1) :81–102.
  • MORALES A, EIDINGER D, BRUCE AW: Intracavitary Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in the treatment of superficial bladder tumors. J. Urol (1976) 116:180–183.
  • LAMM DL: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy for bladder cancer. J. Urol (1985) 134:40–47.
  • HERR H: Current results, natural history and implications for urothelial cancer prevention. J. Cell Biol. (1992) 161(Suppl.):12–19.
  • SHELLEY MD, WILT TJ, COURT J, COLES B, KYNASTON H, MASON MD: Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin is superior to mitomycin C in reducing tumour recurrence in high-risk superficial bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. BJU Int. (2004) 93(4):485–490.
  • KRIEG AM: CpG motifs: the active ingredient in bacterial extracts? Nat. Med. (2003) 9:831–835.
  • NAGATA S, TAIRA H, HALL A et al: Synthesis in E. coli of a polypeptide with human leukocyte interferon activity. Nature (1980) 284:316–320.
  • HUBER CH, WOLFEL T: Immunotherapy of cancer: from vision to standard clinical practice. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol (2004) 130:367–374.
  • AULITZKY WE, HUBER C, PESCHEL C: Cytokine therapy of neoplastic and inflammatory disease. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol (1993) 101:221–226.
  • ATKINS MB, REGAN M, MCDERMOTT D: Update on the role of interleukin 2 and other cytokines in the treatment of patients with stage IV renal carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. (2004) 10(18 Pt 2):63425–63465.
  • FANELLI MC, WHITE R, FOSTER M et al.: Forecasting the cytokine storm following systemic interleukin (IL)-2 administration. J. Transl Med. (2004) 2(1):17.
  • MUSIANI P, MODESTI A, GIOVARELLI M et al.: Cytokines, tumour-cell death and immunogenicity: a question of choice. Immunol lbday (1997) 18(1):32–36.
  • ••A manifesto on the use of local cytokines.
  • CORTESINA G, DE STEFANI A, GALEAZZI E et al.: Interleukin-2 injected around tumor-draining lymph nodes in head and neck cancer. Head Neck (1991) 13(2):125–131.
  • DE STEFANI A, FORNI G, RAGONA R et al.: Improved survival with perilymphatic interleukin 2 in patients with resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Cancer (2002) 95W:90–97.
  • ROSENBERG SA: Progress in human tumor immunology and immunotherapy. Nature (2001) 411:380–383.
  • •A positive balance of the achievements of cell-mediated immunotherapy in cancer.
  • LOLLINI PL, FORNI G: Antitumor vaccines: is it possible to prevent a tumor? Cancer Immunol Immunother. (2002) 51:409–416.
  • •A review suggesting new perspectives in the use of tumour vaccines.
  • RIBAS A, BUTTERFIELD LH, GLASPY JA, ECONOMOU JS: Current developments in cancer vaccines and cellular immunotherapy. j Clin. Oncol (2003) 21(12):2415–2432.
  • MOCELLIN S, MANDRUZZATO S, BRONTE V, MARINCOLA FM: Correspondence 1: Cancer vaccines: pessimism in check. Nat. Med. (2004) 10(12):1278–1279.
  • FINN OJ: Cancer vaccines: between the idea and the reality. Nat. Rev. Immunol (2003) 3(8):630–641.
  • CAMPOLI M, FERRONE S: T-cell-based immunotherapy of melanoma: what have we learned and how can we improve? Expert Rev. Vaccines (2004) 3(2):171–187.
  • •A critical balance of the achievements of cell-mediated immunotherapy in cancer.
  • DUNN GP, OLD LJ, SCHREIBER RD: The immunobiology of cancer immunosurveillance and immunoediting. Immunity (2004) 21(2):137–148.
  • •A paper drawing a new form of old concepts.
  • BOCCHIA M, BRONTE V, COLOMBO MP et al.: Antitumor vaccination: where we stand. Haematologica (2000) 85(11):1172–1206.
  • ••A systematic review of vaccine strategies incuring cancer.
  • COULIE PG, IKEDA H, BAURAIN JF, CHIARI R: Antitumor immunity at work in a melanoma patient. Adv. Cancer Res. (1999) 76:213–242.
  • MELANI C, CHIODONI C, FORNI G, COLOMBO MP: Myeloid cell expansion elicited by the progression of spontaneous mammary carcinomas in c-erbB-2 transgenic BALB/c mice suppresses immune reactivity. Blood (2003) 102(6):2138–2145.
  • SAKAGUCHI S: Naturally arising CD4+ regulatory t cells for immunologic self-tolerance and negative control of immune responses. Annu. Rev. Immunol. (2004) 22:531–562.
  • PISA P, HALAPI E, PISA EK et al: Selective expression of interleukin 10, interferon gamma, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in ovarian cancer biopsies. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA (1992) 89(16):7708–7712.
  • GABRILOVICH DI, CHEN HL, GIRGIS KR et al: Production of vascular endothelial growth factor by human tumors inhibits the functional maturation of dendritic cells. Nat. Med. (1996) 2(10):1096–1103.
  • TAHERI F, OCHOA JB, FAGHIRI Z et al: L-Arginine regulates the expression of the T-cell receptor zeta chain (CD3zeta) in Jurkat cells. Clin. Cancer Res. (2001) 7(3 Suppl.):958s–965s.
  • HAHNE M, RIMOLDI D, SCHROTER M et al: Melanoma cell expression of Fas(Apo-1/CD95) ligand: implications for tumor immune escape. Science (1996) 274(5291):1363–1366.
  • GIOVARELLI M, MUSIANI P, GAROTTA G et al: A 'stealth effect': adenocarcinoma cells engineered to express TRAIL elude tumor-specific and allogeneic T cell reactions. J. Immunol (1999) 163(9):4886–4893.
  • FINN OJ: Premalignant lesions as targets for cancer vaccines. J. Exp. Med. (2003) 198(11):1623–1626.
  • •A suggestive paper on the importance of finding new antigens expressed by premalignant lesions.
  • FORNI G, LOLLINI PL, MUSIANI P, COLOMBO MP: Immunoprevention of cancer: is the time ripe? Cancer Res. (2000) 60:2571–2575.
  • ••A cancer immunoprevention manifesto.
  • FINN OJ, FORNI G: Prophylactic cancer vaccines. Cuff. Opin. Immunol (2002) 14(2):172–177.
  • •A review of the potential of vaccines to prevent cancer.
  • CRAGG MS, MORGAN SM, CHAN HT et al: Complement-mediated lysis by anti-CD20 mAb correlates with segregation into lipid rafts. Blood (2003) 101(3):1045–1052.

Websites

  • http://www.clinicaltrials.gov ClinicalTrials.gov Information on Clinical Trials and Human Research Studies. Search results for cancer [ALL-FIELDS] AND immunotherapy [ALL-FIELDS] gave 759 studies.
  • http://www.eortc.be/protoc/listtrt.asp EORT European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Search of protocols by treatment gave 6 protocols using interferon, 31 protocols of immunotherapy, and 27 protocols using biological response modifiers).
  • http://www.cancer.org/docroot/ETO/ content/ ET0_1_4X_Monoclonal_Antibody_Therap y_Passive_Immunotherapy.asp?sitearea=ETO American Cancer Society, Monoclonal Antibody Therapy (Passive Immunotherapy).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.