Palivizumab and the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus illness in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease

• HALL CB, MCCARTHY CA: Respiratory syncytial virus. In: Principals and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 6th Edition, Volume 2. Mandall GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R (Eds), Elsevier, Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, PA, USA (2005):2008-2026.
   Google Scholar
• KHONGPHATHANAYOTHIN A, WONG PC, SAMARA Y et al.: Impact of respiratory syncytial virus infection on surgery for congenital heart disease: postoperative course and outcome. Crit. Care Med. (1999) 27:1974-1981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FELTES TF, GROOTHUIS JR: Acute and long-term effects of infection by the respiratory syncytial virus in children with congenital cardiac malformations. Cardiol. Young (2005) 15:266-273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MACDONALD NE, HALL CB, SUFFIN SC, ALEXSON C, HARRIS PJ, MANNING JA: Respiratory syncytial viral infection in infants with congenital heart disease. N. Engl. J. Med. (1982) 307:397-400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOYCE TG, MELLEN BG, MITCHELL EF Jr, WRIGHT PF, GRIFFIN MR: Rates of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection among children in medicaid. J. Pediatr. (2000) 137:865-870.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BLACK CP: Systematic review of the biology and medical management of respiratory syncytial virus infection. Respir. Care (2003) 48:209-233.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CARPENTER TC, REEVES JT, DURMOWICZ AG: Viral respiratory infection increases susceptibility of young rats to hypoxia-induced pulmonary edema. J. App. Physiol. (1998) 84:1048-1054.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CARPENTER TC, STENMARK KR: Predisposition of infants with chronic lung disease to respiratory syncytial virus-induced respiratory failure: a vascular hypothesis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (2004) 23(1 Suppl.):S33-S40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GAROFALO RP, PATTI J, HINTZ KA, HILL V, OGRA PL, WELLIVER RC: Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (not T helper type 2 cytokines) is associated with severe forms of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. J. Infect. Dis. (2001) 184:393-399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PIEDIMONTE G, RODRIGUEZ MM, KING KA, MCLEAN S, JIANG X: Respiratory syncytial virus upregulates expression of the substance P receptor in rat lungs. Am. J. Physiol. (1999) 277:L831-L834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PINTO RA, ARREDONDO SM, BONO MR, GAGGERO AA, DIAZ PV: T helper 1/t helper 2 cytokine imbalance in respiratory syncytial virus infection is associated with increased endogenous plasma cortisol. Pediatrics (2006) 117:E878-E886.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEGG JP, HUSSAIN IR, WARNER JA, JOHNSTON SL, WARNER JO: Type 1 and type 2 cytokine imbalance in acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. (2003) 168:633-639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCNAMARA PS, FLANAGAN BF, SELBY AM, HART CA, SSMYTH RL: Pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Eur. Respir. J. (2004) 23:106-112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FELTES TF, HODINKA RL, PARIDON SM, WERNOVSKY G, SONDHEIMER H: The current state of infection with respiratory syncytial virus in the setting of congenital cardiac malformations. Cardiol. Young (2006) 16(Suppl 3):136-143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OGRA PL: Respiratory syncytial virus: the virus, the disease and the immune response. Paediatr. Respir. Rev. (2004) (Suppl. A):S119-S126.
   Google Scholar
• WALSH EE, BRANDRISS MW, SCHLESINGER JJ: Purification and characterization of the respiratory syncytial virus. J. Gen. Virol. (1984) 66:409-415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COLLINS PL, CHANOCK RM, MURPHY BR: Respiratory syncytial virus. In: Fields Virology. 4th Edition. Knipe DM, Howley PM, Griffin DE et al. (Eds), Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, USA (2001):1443-1485.
   Google Scholar
• ANDERSON LJ, HIERHOLZER JC, TSOU C et al.: Antigenic characterization of respiratory syncytial virus strains with monoclonal antibodies. J. Infect. Dis. (1985) 151:626-633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FULGINITI VA, ELLER JJ, SIEBER OF, JOYNER JW, MINAMITANI M, MEIKLEJOHN G: Respiratory virus immunization I. A field trial of two inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccines: an aqueous trivalent parainfluenza virus vaccine and an alum-precipitated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine. Am. J. Epidemiol. (1969) 89:435-448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KAPIKIAN AZ, MITCHELL RH, CHANOCK RM, SHVEDOFF RA, STEWART CE: An epidemiology study of altered clinical reactivity to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infection in children previously vaccinated with an inactivated rsv virus vaccine. Am. J. Epidemiol. (1969) 89:405-421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JOHNSON S, OLIVER C, PRINCE GA et al.: Development of a humanized monoclonal antibody (MEDI-493) with potent in vitro and in vivo activity against respiratory syncytial virus. J. Infect. Dis. (1997) 176:1215-1224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GROOTHUIS JR, NISHIDA H: Prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections in high-risk infants by monoclonal antibody (palivizumab). Pediatr. Int. (2002) 44:235-241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PRINCE GA, CAPIAU C, DESCHAMPES M et al.: Efficacy and safety studies of a recombinant chimeric respiratory syncytial virus F glycoprotein vaccine in cotton rats. J. Virol. (2000) 74:10287-10292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GLEZEN WP, PAREDES A, ALLISON JE, TABER LH, FRANK AL: Risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection for infants from low-income families in relationship to age, sex, ethnic group, and maternal antibody level. J. Pediatr. (1981) 98:708-715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PRINCE GA, HORSWOOD R, CAMARGO E, KOEINIG D, CHANOCK RM: Mechanisms of immunity to respiratory syncytial virus in cotton rats. Infect. Immun. (1983) 42:81-87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PRINCE GA, HORSWOOD RL, CHANOCK RM: Quantitative aspects of passive immunity to respiratory syncytial virus infection in infant cotton rats. J. Virol. (1985) 55:517-520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PRINCE G, HEMMING VG, HORSWOOD RL, CHANOCK RM: Immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the cotton rat. Virus Res. (1985) 3:193-206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIBER GR, LEOMBRUNO D, LESZCYNSKI J et al.: Comparison of antibody concentrations and protective activity of respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin and conventional immune globulin. J. Infect. Dis. (1994) 169:1368-1373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GROOTHUIS JR, LEVIN NJ, RODRIGUEZ W et al.: Use of intravenous gamma globulin to passively immunize high-risk children against RSV: safety and pharmacokinetics. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1991) 35:1469-1473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEISSNER HC, FULTON DR, GROOTHUIS JR et al.: Controlled trial to evaluate protection of high-risk infants against RSV disease by using standard intravenous immune globulin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1993) 37:1655-1658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GROOTHUIS JR, SIMOES EAF, LEVIN MJ et al.: Prophylactic administration of respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin to high-risk infants and young children. N. Engl. J. Med. (1993) 329:1524-1530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The PREVENT Study Group: Reduction of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization among premature infants and infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia using respiratory virus immune globulin prophylaxis. Pediatrics (1997) 99:93-99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIMOES EAF, SONDHEIMER H, TOP FH Jr et al.: Respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin for prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus disease in infans and children with congenital heart disease. J. Pediatr. (1998) 133:429-429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PRINCE GA, HEMMING VG, HORSWOOD RL, BARON PA, CHANOCK RM: Effectiveness of topically administered neutralizing antibodies in experimental immunotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats. J. Virol. (1987) 61:1851-1854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FISHER RG, CROW JE Jr, JOHNSON TR, TANG YW, GRAHAM BS: Passive IgA monoclonal antibody is no more effective than IgG at protecting mice from mucosal challenge with respiratory syncytial virus. J. Infect. Dis. (1999) 180:1324-1327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WELTZIN R, MONATH TP: Intranasal antibody prophylaxis for protection against viral disease. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. (1999) 12:383-393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WELTZIN R: The therapeutic potential of monoclonal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs (1998) 7:1271-1283.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GIMENEZ HB, CASH P, MELVIN WT: Monoclonal antibodies to humam respiratory syncytial virus and their use in the comparison of different viral isolates. J. Gen. Virol. (1984) 65:963-971.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JOHNSON PR, SPRIGGS MK, OLMSTED RA, COLLINS PL: The g glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial viruses of subgroups a and b: extensive sequence divergence between antigenically related proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1987) 83:5625-5629.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCINTOSH K, CHANOCK RM: Respiratory syncytial virus. In: Fields Virology. Fields BN, 2nd Edition, Volume 1. Knipe DM, Chanock RM et al. (Eds), Raven Press, New York, USA (1990):1045-1072.
   Google Scholar
• MURPHY BR, HALL SL, KULKARNI AB et al.: An update on approaches to the development of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv 3) vaccines. Virus Res. (1994) 32:13-36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BEELER JA, COELINGH K: Neutralization epitopes of the F protein of respiratory syncytial virus: effect of mutation upon fusion function. J. Virol. (1989) 63:2941-2949.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TEMPEST PR, BREMNER P, LAMBERT M et al.: Reshaping a human monoclonal antibody to inhibit human respiratory syncytial virus infection in vivo. Biotechnology (1991) 9:266-271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BARBAS CF, CROWE JE CABABA D et al.: Human monoclonal Fab fragments derived from a combinatorial library bid to respiratory syncytial virus F glycoprotein neutralize infectivity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1992) 89:10164-10168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEISSNER HC, GROOTHIUS JR, RODRIEGUEZ WJ et al.: Safety and pharmacokinetics of an intramuscular monoclonal antibody (SB 209763) against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants and young children at risk for severe RSV disease. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1999) 43:1183-1188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAEZ-LLORENS X, MORENO MT, ROMILO O, SANCHEZ PJ, TOP FH Jr, CONNOR EM: Safety and pharmacokinetics of palivizumab therapy in children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (2004) 23:707-712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEI A, FENG J, LIN H-Y et al.: Indentification of a single tryptophan residue as critical for binding activity in a humanized monoclonal antibody against respiratory syncytial virus. Anal. Chem. (2007) 79:8-3916.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SUBRAMANIAN KN, WEISMAN LE, RHODES T et al.: Safety, tolerance and pharmacokinetics of a humanized monoclonal antibody to respiratory syncytial virus in premature infants and infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr. Inf. Dis. J. (1998) 17:110-115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAEZ-LORENS X, CASTANO E, NULL D et al.: Safety and pharmacokinetics of an intramuscular humanized monoclonal antibody to respiratory syncytial virus in premature infants and infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr. Inf. Dis. J. (1998) 17:787-791.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEISSNER HC, WELLIVER RC, CHARTRAND SA et al.: Immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab, a humanized respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in high risk infants: a consensus opinion. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (1999) 18:223-231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Academy of Pediatrics: Prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections: indications for the use of palivizumab and update on the use of srv-igiv. Pediatrics (1998) 102:1211-1216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SORRENTINO M, POWERS T; THE PALIVIZUMAB OUTCOMES STUDY GROUP: Effectiveness of palivizumab: evaluation of outcomes from the 1998 to 1999 respiratory syncytial virus season. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (2000) 19:1068-1071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FELTES TF, CABALKA AK, MEISSNER HC et al.: Palivizumab prophylaxis reduces hospitalization due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. J. Pediatr. (2003) 143:532-540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN: Revised indications for the use of palivizumab and respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin intravenous for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections. Pediatrics (2003) 112:1442-1446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TULLOH RMR, FELTES TF: The European forum for clinical management: prophylaxis against the respiratory syncytial in infants and young children with congenital heart disease. Cardiol. Young (2005) 15:274-278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NAKAZAWA M, SAU T, ICHIDA F, OYAMA K, HARADA K, KUSUDA S: Guidelines for the use of palivizumab in infants and young children with congenital heart disease. Pediatr. Int. (2006) 48:190-193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TULLOH RM, MARSH M, BLACKBURN M et al.: Recommendations for the use of palivizumab as prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus in infants with congenital cardiac disease. Cardiol. Young (2003) 13:420-423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CANADIAN NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON IMMUNIZATION: Statement on the recommended use of monoclonal anti-RSV antibody (palivizumab). Can. Commun. Dis. Rep. (2003) 29:1-15.
   Google Scholar
• DEVINCENZO JP, HALL CB, KIMBERLIN DW et al.: Surveillance of clinical isolates of respiratory syncytial virus for palivizumab (Synagis)-resistant mutants. J. Infect. Dis. (2004) 190:975-978.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GRIMALDI M, GOUYON B, SAGOT P et al.: BURGANDY PERINATAL NETWORK. Palivizumab efficacy in preterm infants with gestational age < or = 30 weeks without bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr. Pulmonol. (2007) 42:189-192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KUSUDA S, KOIZUMI T, SAKAI T, FUJIMURA M, NISHIDA H, TOGARI H: Results of clinical surveillance during the Japanese first palivizumab season in 2002 – 2003. Pediatr. Int. (2006) 48:362-368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEDRANO C, GARCIA-GUERETA L, GRUESO J et al.: Respiratory infection in congenital cardiac disease. Hospitalizations in young children in Spain during 2004 and 2005: the CIVIC Epidemiologic Study. Cardiol. Young (2007) 17:360-371.
   Google Scholar
• DUPPENTHALER A, AMMANN RA, GORGIEVSKI-HRISOHO M et al.: Low incidence of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations in haemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. Arch. Dis. Child. (2004) 89:961-965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FELTES TF, SIMOES E: Letter to the Editor: Palivizumab prophylaxis in haemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. Arch. Dis. Child. (2005) 90(8):875-877.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YOUNT LE, MAHLE WT: Economic analysis of palivizumab in infants with congenital heart disease. Pediatrics (2004) 114:1606-1611.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NUIJTEN MJC, WITTENBERG W, LEBMEIR M: Cost effectiveness of palivizumab for respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in high-risk children. Parmacoeconomics (2007) 25:55-71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEBERG A, BRUU A-L: Respiratory syncytial virus infections in congenital heart defects - hospitalizations and costs. Acta Paediatrica (2006) 95:404-406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WU H, PFARR DS, TANG Y et al.: Ultra-potent antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus: effects of binding kinetics and binding valence on viral neutralization. J. Mol. Biol. (2005) 350:126-140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WU H, PFARR DS, JOHNSON S et al.: Development of motavizumab, an ultra-potent antibody for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the upper and lower respiratory tract. J. Mol. Biol. (2007) 368:652-665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CARBONEL X et al.: Phase III trial of motavizumab, an enhanced potency RSV specific mab for the prevention of serious RSV disease in high-risk infants. Presented at the: Pediatric Academic Societies' Annual Meeting, Toronto, Canada (5 – 8 May 2007).
   Google Scholar
• MEJÍAS A, CHÁVEZ-BUENO S, RIOS S et al.: Comparative effects of two neutralizing anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) monoclonal antibodies in the RSV murine model: time versus potency. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2005) 49:4700-4707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CIANCI C, MEANWELL N, KRYSTAL M: Antiviral activity and molecular mechanism of an orally active respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitor. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (2005) 55:289-292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DOUGLAS JL, PANIS ML, HO E et al.: Small molecules VP-14637 and JNJ-2408068 inhibit respiratory syncytial virus fusion by similar mechanisms. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2005) 49:2460-2466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HILL SR, MITCHELL AS, HENRY DA: Problems with the interpretation of pharmacoeconomic analysis: a review of submissions to the Australian pharmaceutical benefits scheme. JAMA (2000) 283:2116-2121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Website

• http://www.secardioped.org/ SUÁREZ CABRERA P, MALO CONCEPCIÓN P, MAROTO E, SANTOS DE SOTO J: Recomendaciones de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología Pediátrica y Cardiopatías Congénitas para la prevención de la infección por virus respiratorio sincitial en pacientes con cardiopatía congénita (2004).
   Google Scholar