Bibliography
- Truelove SC, Witts LJ. Cortisone in ulcerative colitis. Br Med J 1955;2(4947):1041-8
- Ardizzone S, Cassinotti A, de Franchsi R. Immunosuppressants and biologic therapy for ulcerative colitis. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2013;17:449-67
- Silverberg MS, Satsangi J, Ahmad T, Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: Report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology. Can J Gastroenterol 2005;19(Suppl A):5-36
- Turner D, Griffiths AM, Mack D, Assessing disease activity in ulcerative colitis: patients or their physicians? Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;16:651-6
- Rutgeerts P, Vermiere S, Van Assche G. Mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel disease: impossible ideal or therapeutic target? Gut 2007;56:453-5
- Dignass A, Lindsay JO, Sturm A, Second European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis: current management. J Crohns Colitis 2012;6(10):991-1030. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crohns.2012.09.002
- Fraser AG, Orchard TR, Jewel DP. The efficacy of azathioprine for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a 30 year review. Gut 2002;50:485-9
- Ardizzone S, Maconi G, Russo A, Randomised controlled trial of azathioprine and 5-aminosalicylic acid for the treatment of steroid dependent ulcerative colitis. Gut 2006;55:47-53
- Ardizzone S, Cassinotti A, Duca P, Mucosal healing predicts late outcomes after the first courses of corticosteroids for newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;9:483-9
- Giovani SM, Higgins PDR. Combination of thiopurines and allopurinol: adverse events and clinical benefit in IBD. J Crohns Colitis 2010;4:444-9
- Oren R, Arber N, Odes S, Methotrexate in chronic active ulcerative colitis: a double-blind, randomized Israeli multicenter trial. Gastroenterology 1996;110:1416-21
- Lichtiger S, Present DH, Kornbluth A, Cyclosporine in severe ulcerative colitis refractory to steroid therapy. N Engl J Med 1994;300:1841-5
- Rutgeerts P, Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Infliximab for induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med 2005;353:2462-76
- Colombel JF, Rutgeerts P, Reinisch W, Early mucosal healing with infliximab is associated with improved long-term clinical outcomes in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 2011;141:1194-201
- Maser EA, Deconda D, Lichtiger S, Cyclosporine and infliximab as rescue therapy for each other in patients with steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;6:1112-16
- Chaparro M, Burgueno P, Iglesias E, Infliximab salvage therapy after failure of cyclosporine in corticosteroid-refractory ulcerative colitis: a multicenter study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012;35:275-83
- Chang KH, Burke JP, Coffey JC. Infliximab versus cyclosporine as rescue therapy in acute severe steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2012; [Epub ahead of print]
- Rolny P, Vatn M. Cyclosporine in patients with severe steroid refractory ulcerative colitis in the era of infliximab. Review article. Scand J Gastroenterol 2013;48:131-5
- Laharie D, Bourreille A, Branch J, Cyclosporine versus infliximab in patients with severe ulcerative colitis refractory to intravenous steroids: a parallel, open-label randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2012;380:1909-15
- Bitton A, Buie D, Enns R, Treatment of hospitalized adult patients with severe ulcerative colitis: Toronto Consensus Statements. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:179-94
- Danese S. Adalimumab in ulcerative colitis: ready for prime time. Dig Liver Dis. 2013;45:8-13