Bibliography
- American Cancer Society. Global cancer facts & figures. 2nd edition. American Cancer Society, Atlanta; 2011
- Drugs Approved for Head and Neck Cancer. Cancer Drug Information, National Cancer Institute at the National Institute of Health. Available from: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/druginfo/head-and-neck-cancer [Last accessed 11 December 2013]
- Lerner A, Kim DH, Lee R. The cAMP signaling pathway as a therapeutic target in lymphoid malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2000;37(1-2):39-51
- Goldhoff P, Warrington NM, Limbrick DD Jr, et al. Targeted inhibition of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase-4 promotes brain tumor regression. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14(23):7717-25
- Lipari M, Benipal H, Kale-Pradhan P. Roflumilast in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2013;70(23):2087-95
- Moon E, Lee R, Near R, et al. Inhibition of PDE3B augments PDE4 inhibitor-induced apoptosis in a subset of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2002;8(2):589-95
- Chen TC, Wadsten P, Su S, et al. The type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram induces expression of the cell cycle inhibitors p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1), resulting in growth inhibition, increased differentiation, and subsequent apoptosis of malignant A-172 glioma cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2002;1(3):268-76
- Shackelford DB, Shaw RJ. The LKB1-AMPK pathway: metabolism and growth control in tumour suppression. Nat Rev Cancer 2009;9(8):563-75
- Rena G, Pearson ER, Sakamoto K. Molecular mechanism of action of metformin: old or new insights? Diabetologia 2013;56(9):1898-906
- Luo Q, Hu D, Hu S, et al. In vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effect of metformin as a novel therapeutic agent in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2012;12:517
- Sandulache VC, Hamblin JS, Skinner HD, et al. Metformin use is associated with improved survival in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2013, doi:10.1002/hed.23409
- Vitale-Cross L, Molinolo AA, Martin D, et al. Metformin prevents the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas from carcinogen-induced premalignant lesions. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2012;5(4):562-73
- Sikka A, Kaur M, Agarwal C, et al. Metformin suppresses growth of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via global inhibition of protein translation. Cell Cycle 2012;11(7):1374-82
- Zhao L, Wen ZH, Jia CH, et al. Metformin induces G1 cell cycle arrest and inhibits cell proliferation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2011;294(8):1337-43
- Ahmadian M, Suh JM, Hah N, et al. PPARgamma signaling and metabolism: the good, the bad and the future. Nat Med 2013;19(5):557-66
- Krishnan A, Nair SA, Pillai MR. Biology of PPAR gamma in cancer: a critical review on existing lacunae. Curr Mol Med 2007;7(6):532-40
- Panigrahy D, Huang S, Kieran MW, Kaipainen A. PPARgamma as a therapeutic target for tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Cancer Biol Ther 2005;4(7):687-93
- Nakashiro K, Begum NM, Uchida D, et al. Thiazolidinediones inhibit cell growth of human oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro independent of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Oral Oncol 2003;39(8):855-61
- Rumi MA, Sato H, Ishihara S, et al. Growth inhibition of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands. J Lab Clin Med 2002;140(1):17-26
- Begum NM, Nakashiro K, Kawamata H, et al. Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and the growth inhibitory effect of its synthetic ligands in human salivary gland cancer cell lines. Int J Oncol 2002;20(3):599-605