Glycine transport inhibitors as potential antipsychotic drugs

Bibliography

• CROW T J: The biology of schizophrenia. Experientia (1982) 38(11):1275–1282.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• OLNEY JW, FARBER NB: Glutamate receptor dysfunction and schizophrenia [see comments]. Arch. Cm Psychiatry (1995) 52(12):998–1007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •The authors propose a disinhibition model for NMDA receptor hypofunction as a factor in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
   Google Scholar
• FARBER NB, NEWCOMER JW, OLNEY JW: Glycine agonists: what can they teach us about schizophrenia? [comment] Arch. Len. Psychiatry (1999) 56(1):13–17.
   Google Scholar
• ••An excellent commentary on recent glycine based clinical trials.
   Google Scholar
• REICH DL, SILVAY G: Ketamine: an update on the first twenty-five years of clinical experience. Can. J. Anaesth. (1989) 36(2):186–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OLNEY JW, NEWCOMER JW, FARBER NB: NMDA receptor hypofunction model of schizophrenia. I Psychiatr. Res. (1999) 33(6):523–533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••An excellent discussion of the role ofNMDA receptors in schizophrenia.
   Google Scholar
• BENES FM: Altered glutamatergic and GABAergic mechanisms in the cingulate cortex of the schizophrenic brain. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (1995) 52(12):1015–1018 (discussion 1019–1024).
   Google Scholar
• HENN FA: The NMDA receptor as a site for psychopathology. Primary or secondary role? Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (1995) 52(12):1008–1010 (discussion 1019–1024). Discussion of the NMDA hypofunction model.
   Google Scholar
• CROW TJ: Constraints on concepts of pathogenesis. Language and the speciation process as the key to the etiology of schizophrenia [see comments]. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (1995) 52(12):1011–104 (discussion 1019–1024).
   Google Scholar
• •Discussion of the NMDA hypofunction model.
   Google Scholar
• OLNEY J, FARBER N: Response to commentaries and to the challenge of building a perfect theory to explain schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (1995) 52(12):1019–1024.
   Google Scholar
• •Discussion of the NMDA hypofunction Amodel.
   Google Scholar
• MOHN AR, GAINETDINOV RR, CARON MG, KOLLER BH: Mice with reduced NMDA receptor expression display behaviors related to schizophrenia. Cell (1999) 98(4):427–436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Genetic evidence in an animal model forthe NMDA hypofunction model for schizophrenia.
   Google Scholar
• CORBETT R, CAMACHO F, WOODS AT et al: Antipsychotic agents antagonize non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartateN-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist-induced behaviors. Psychopharmacology (1995) 120(1):67–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOGHADDAM B, ADAMS BW: Reversal of phencyclidine effects by a group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist in rats [see comments]. Science (1998) 281(5380:1349–1352.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GIROS B, JABER M, JONES SR, WIGHTMAN RIVI, CARON MG: Hyperlocomotion and indifference to cocaine and amphetamine in mice lacking the dopamine transporter. Nature (1996) 379(6566):606–612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCBAIN CJ, MAYER ML: N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor structure and function. Physiol Rev.(1994) 74(3):723–760.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •An excellent review of NMDA receptors.
   Google Scholar
• HOLLMANN M, HEINEMANN S: Cloned glutamate receptors. Ann. Rev NeuroscL (1994) 17:31–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DINGLEDINE R, BORGES K, BOWIE D, TRAYNELIS SF: The glutamate receptor ion channels. Pharmacol Rev (1999) 51(1):7–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IBRAHIM HM, HEALY DJ, HOGG AJ Jr., MEADOR-WOODRUFF JH: Nucleus-specific expression of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit mRNAs and binding sites in primate thalamus. Brain Res. Mol Brain Res. (2000) 79(1–2):1–17.
   Google Scholar
• GAO XM, SAKAI K, ROBERTS RC, CONLEY RR, DEAN B, TAMMINGA CA: Ionotropic glutamate receptors and expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits in subregions of human hippocampus: effects of schizophrenia. Am. Psychiatry (2000) 157(7):1141–1149.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CORRE SL, HARPER C, LOPEZ E WARD E CATTS S: Increased levels of expression of an NMDAR1 splice variant in the superior temporal gyrus in schizophrenia. Neuroreport (2000) 11(5):983–986.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GRIMWOOD S, SLATER E DEAKIN J, HUTSON P: NR2B-containing NMDA receptors are upregulated in temporal cortex in schizophrenia. Neurorepon (1999) 10(3):461–465.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• JOHNSON JW, ASCHER P: Glycine potentiates the NMDA response in cultured mouse brain neurons. Nature (1987) 325(6104):529–531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KLECKNER NW, DINGLEDINE R: Requirement for glycine in activation of NMDA receptors expressed in Xertopus oocytes. Science (1988) 241(4867):835–837.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BENVENISTE M, CLEMENTS J, VYKLICKY L Jr., MAYER ML: A kinetic analysis of the modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors by glycine in mouse cultured hippocampal neurones. j Physiol (1990) 428:333–357.
   Google Scholar
• MAYER ML, VYKLICKY L Jr., CLEMENTS J: Regulation of NMDA receptor desensitization in mouse hippocampal neurons by glycine. Nature (1989) 338(6214):425–427.
   Google Scholar
• DURAND GM, BENNETT MV, ZUKIN RS: Splice variants of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR1 identify domains involved in regulation by polyamines and protein kinase C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Li. USA (1993) 90(14):6731–6735. [published erratum appears in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1993) 90(20):97391
   Google Scholar
• DANYSZ W, PARSONS ACG: Glycine and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors: physiological significance and possible therapeutic applications. Pharmacol Rev (1998) 50(4):597–664.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KEW JN, RICHARDS JG, MUTEL V, KEMP JA: Developmental changes in NMDA receptor glycine affinity and ifenprodil sensitivity reveal three distinct populations of NMDA receptors in individual rat cortical neurons. j NeuroscL (1998) 18(6):1935–1943.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SMITH KE, BORDEN LA, HARTIG PR, BRANCHEK T, WEINSHANK RL: Cloning and expression of a glycine transporter reveal colocalization with NMDA receptors Neuron (1992) 8(5):927–935.
   Google Scholar
• •First study suggesting that glycine transporters may regulate the activity of NMDA receptors.
   Google Scholar
• KIM KM, KINGSMORE SE HAN H et al.: Cloning of the human glycine transporter type I: molecular and pharmacological characterization of novel isoform variants and chromosomal localization of the gene in the human and mouse genomes. Mol. Pharmacol (1994) 45(4):608–617.
   Google Scholar
• LIU QR, NELSON H, MANDIYAN S, LOPEZ-CORCUERA B, NELSON N: Cloning and expression of a glycine transporter from mouse brain. FEBS Lett. (1992) 305(2):110–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LIU QR, LOPEZ-CORCUERA B, MANDIYAN S, NELSON H, NELSON N: Cloning and expression of a spinal cord-and brain-specific glycine transporter with novel structural features. _J. Biol. Chem. (1993) 268(30):22802–22808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GUASTELLA J, BRECHA N, WEIGMANN C, LESTER H A, DAVIDSON N: Cloning, expression, and localization of a rat brain high-affinity glycine transporter. Proc. Nail. Acad. Sci. USA (1992) 89(15):7189–7193.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HANLEY JG, JONES EM, MOSS SJ: GABA receptor rho I subunit interacts with a novel splice variant of the glycine transporter, GLYT-1. j Biol. Chem. (2000) 275 (2) 840–846.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PONCE J, POYATOS I, ARAGON C, GIMENEZ C, ZAFRA F: Characterization of the 5' region of the rat brain glycine transporter GLYT2 gene: identification of a novel isoform. Neurosci. Lett. (1998) 242 (1) :25–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZAFRA E GOMEZA J, OLIVARES L, ARAGON C, GIMENEZ C: Regional distribution and developmental variation of the glycine transporters GLYT1 and gGLYT2 in the rat CNS. European Neurosci. (1995) 7(6):1342–1352.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ZAFRA E ARAGON C, OLIVARES L, DANBOLT NC, GIMENEZ C, STORM-MATHISEN J: Glycine transporters are differentially expressed among CNS cells. Neurosci. (1995) 15(5 Pt 2):3952–3969.
   Google Scholar
• ROUX MJ, SUPPLISSON S: Neuronal and glial glycine transporters have different stoichiometries. Neuron (2000) 25:373–383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Demonstration that the different glycinetransporter subtypes have differing concentrating capacities, which suggests that the different transports play different roles at inhibitory and excitatory synapses.
   Google Scholar
• BERGER S, CARTER J, LOWRY O: The distribution of glycine, gaba, glutamate and aspartate in rabbit spinal cord, cerebellum and hippocampus. j Neurochem. (1977) 28:149–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ATT WELL D, BARBOUR B, SZATKOWSKI M: Nonvesicular release of neurotransmitter. Neuron (1993) 11(3):401–407.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •A clear presentation of the role of transporters in regulating synaptic neurotransmitter concentrations.
   Google Scholar
• BERGER AJ, DIEUDONNE S, ASCHER P: Glycine uptake governs glycine site occupancy at NMDA receptors of excitatory synapses. j Neurophysiol. (1998) 80(6):3336–3340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Demonstration that glycine transporters can regulate NMDA receptor activity.
   Google Scholar
• ROUX M, MARTINEZ-MAZA RA, LEGOFF B, LOPEZ-CORCUERA CA, SUPPLISSON S: The glial and the neuronal glycine transporters differ in their reactivity to sulfhydrl reagents. I Biol. Chem. (2001) 276(21):17699–17705.
   Google Scholar
• AUBREY KR, MITROVIC AD, VANDENBERG RJ: Molecular basis for proton regulation of glycine transport by GLYT1b. Mol. Pharmacol. (2000) 58(1):129–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZAFRA F, ALCANTARA R, GOMEZA J, ARAGON C, GIMENEZ C: Arachidonic acid inhibits glycine transport in cultured glial cells. Biochem. J (1990) 271(1):237–242.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NUNEZ E, LOPEZ-CORCUERA B, MARTINEZ-MAZA R, ARAGON C: Differential effects of ethanol on glycine uptake mediated by the recombinant GLYT1 and GLYT2 glycine transporters. Br. J Pharmacol. (2000) 129(4):802–810.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WAZIRI R: Glycine therapy of schizophrenia [letter]. Biol. Psychiatry (1988) 23(2):210–211.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ROSSE RB, THEUT SK, BANAY-SCHWARTZ M et al.: Glycine adjuvant therapy to conventional neuroleptic treatment in schizophrenia: an open-label, pilot study. Chit. Neuropharmacol. (1989) 12(5):416–424.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• COSTA J, KHALED E, SRAMEK J, BUNNEY W Jr., POTKIN SG: An open trial of glycine as an adjunct to neuroleptics in chronic treatment-refractory schizophrenics. I CBI]. Psychopharmacol. (1990) 10(1):71–72.
   Google Scholar
• JAVITT DC, ZYLBERMAN I, ZUKIN SR, HERESCO-LEVY U, LINDENMAYER JP: Amelioration of negative symptoms in schizophrenia by glycine: Am. I Psychiatry (1994) 151(8):1234–1236.
   Google Scholar
• HERESCO-LEVY U, JAVITT DC, ERMILOV M, MORDEL C, SILIPO G, LICHTENSTEIN M: Efficacy of high-dose glycine in the treatment of enduring negative symptoms of schizophrenia [see comments]. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (1999) 56(1):29–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JAVITT D, HERESCO-LEVY U: Are glycine sites saturated in vivo. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (2000) 57(12):1181–1182.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GREENER, BERGERON R, MCCARLEY R, COYLE J, GRUNZE H: Short-term and long-term effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (2000) 57(12):1180–1181.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NAIR K, EPSTEIN I, BARON H, MULINOS M: Absorption, distribution, and excretion of cycloserine in man. Antibiot. Ann. (1956) 1956:136–140.
   Google Scholar
• GOFF DC, TSAI G, MANOACH DS, COYLE JT: Dose-finding trial of D-cycloserine added to neuroleptics for negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Am. Psychiatry (1995) 152(8):1213–1215.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GOFF D C, TSAI G, MANOACH DS, FLOOD J, DARBY DG, COYLE JT: D-cycloserine added to clozapine for patients with schizophrenia. Am. I Psychiatry (1996) 153(12):1628–1630.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• VAN BERCKEL BN, HUMAN R, VAN DER LINDEN JA, WESTENBERG H G, VAN REE J M, KAHN RS: Efficacy and tolerance of D-cycloserine in drug-free schizophrenic patients. Biol. Psychiatry (1996) 40(12):1298–1300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOFF DC, TSAI G, LEVITT J et al.: A placebo-controlled trial of D-cycloserine added to conventional neuroleptics in patients with schizophrenia [see comments]. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (1999) 56(1):21–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •A well controlled clinical trial demonstrating that D-cycloserirte may be effective in treating schizophrenia.
   Google Scholar
• VAN BERCKEL BN, EVENBLIJ CN, VAN LOON BJ et al.: D-cycloserine increases positive symptoms in chronic schizophrenic patients when administered in addition to antipsychotics: a double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study. Neuropsychopharmacology (1999) 21(2)203–210.
   Google Scholar
• MOTHET JP, PARENT AT, WOLOSKERH et al.: D-serine is an endogenous ligand for the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Proc. Nati Acad. Sd. USA (2000) 97(9):4926–4931.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BARANANO D, FERRIS C, SNYDER S: Atypical neural messengers. Trends Neurosci. (2001) 24(2):99–106.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SCHELL MJ, BRADY RO, Jr., MOLLIVER ME, SNYDER SH: D-serine as a neuromodulator: regional and developmental localizations in rat brain glia resemble NMDA receptors: j Neurosci (1997) 17(5):1604–1615.
   Google Scholar
• NAKAUCHI J, MATSUO H, KIM DK et al.: Cloning and characterization of a human brain Na(+)-independent transporter for small neutral amino acids that transports D-serine with high affinity. Neurosci. Lett. (2000) 287(3):231–235.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TSAI G, YANG E CHUNG LC, LANGE N COYLE JT: D-serine added to antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia [see comments]. Biol. Psychiatry (1998) 44(11):1081–1089.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TSAI GE, YANG P, CHUNG LC, TSAI IC, TSAI CW, COYLE JT: D-serine added to clozapine for the treatment of schizophrenia. Am. I Psychiatry (1999) 156(10:1822–1825.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• JAVITT DC, SERSHEN H, HASHIM A, LAJTHA A: Reversal of phencyclidine-induced hyperactivity by glycine and the glycine uptake inhibitor glycyldodecylamide. Neuropsychopharmacology (1997) 17(3):202–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Demonstration that glycine transport inhibitors are potential antipsychotic drugs.
   Google Scholar
• JAVITT DC, FRUSCIANTE M: Glycyldodecylamide, a phencyclidine behavioral antagonist, blocks cortical glycine uptake: implications for schizophrenia and substance abuse. Psychopharmacology (1997) 129(1):96–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Characterisation of a glycine transport inhibitor as a potential antipsychotic.
   Google Scholar
• SUPPLISSON S, BERGMAN C: Control of NMDA receptor activation by a glycine transporter co-expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Neurosci. (1997) 17(12):4580–4590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Demonstration that GLYT1 expressed at high density can regulate NMDA receptors.
   Google Scholar
• BERGERON R, MEYER TM, COYLE JT, GREENE RW: Modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function by glycine transport. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1998) 95(26):15730–15734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••First study employing NFPS to inhibit glycine transport and thereby enhance NMDA receptor activity.
   Google Scholar