Statin use and cancer risk: a comprehensive review

Bibliography

• Sewester CS, Dombeck C, Olin BR, Drugs facts and comparisons. Lippincott Co., St. Louis, MO; 2004
   Google Scholar
• Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators. N Engl J Med 1996;335(14):1001-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ, Sipahi I, Effect of very high-intensity statin therapy on regression of coronary atherosclerosis: the ASTEROID trial. JAMA 2006;295(13):1556-65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360(9326):7-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994;344(8934):1383-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamb E. Top 200 Drugs of 2008. Available from: http://www.pharmacytimes.com/issue/pharmacy/2009/2009-05/RxFocusTop200Drugs-0509. [Cited 30 November 2009]
   Google Scholar
• Newman TB, Hulley SB. Carcinogenicity of lipid-lowering drugs. JAMA 1996;275(1):55-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong WW, Dimitroulakos J, Minden MD, Penn LZ. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and the malignant cell: the statin family of drugs as triggers of tumor-specific apoptosis. Leukemia 2002;16(4):508-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan KK, Oza AM, Siu LL. The statins as anticancer agents. Clin Cancer Res 2003;9(1):10-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demierre MF, Higgins PD, Gruber SB, Statins and cancer prevention. Nat Rev Cancer 2005;5(12):930-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denoyelle C, Vasse M, Korner M, Cerivastatin, an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, inhibits the signaling pathways involved in the invasiveness and metastatic properties of highly invasive breast cancer cell lines: an in vitro study. Carcinogenesis 2001;22(8):1139-48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kusama T, Mukai M, Iwasaki T, Inhibition of epidermal growth factor-induced RhoA translocation and invasion of human pancreatic cancer cells by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase inhibitors. Cancer Res 2001;61(12):4885-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong WW, Tan MM, Xia Z, Cerivastatin triggers tumor-specific apoptosis with higher efficacy than lovastatin. Clin Cancer Res 2001;7(7):2067-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannello F, Tonti GA. Statins and breast cancer: may matrix metalloproteinase be the missing link. Cancer Invest 2009;27(4):466-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denoyelle C, Albanese P, Uzan G, Molecular mechanism of the anti-cancer activity of cerivastatin, an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, on aggressive human breast cancer cells. Cell Signal 2003;15(3):327-38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seeger H, Wallwiener D, Mueck AO. Statins can inhibit proliferation of human breast cancer cells in vitro. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2003;111(1):47-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawk MA, Cesen KT, Siglin JC, Inhibition of lung tumor cell growth in vitro and mouse lung tumor formation by lovastatin. Cancer Lett 1996;109(1-2):217-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wachtershauser A, Akoglu B, Stein J. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor mevastatin enhances the growth inhibitory effect of butyrate in the colorectal carcinoma cell line Caco-2. Carcinogenesis 2001;22(7):1061-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padayatty SJ, Marcelli M, Shao TC, Cunningham GR. Lovastatin-induced apoptosis in prostate stromal cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82(5):1434-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB, Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360(9346):1623-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S, Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. JAMA 1998;279(20):1615-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Group. West of Scotland coronary prevention study: identification of high-risk groups and comparison with other cardiovascular intervention trials. Lancet 1996;348:1339-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ALLHAT, Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group, The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs usual care: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT). JAMA 2002;288(23):2998-3007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hebert PR, Gaziano JM, Chan KS, Hennekens CH. Cholesterol lowering with statin drugs, risk of stroke, and total mortality. An overview of randomized trials. JAMA 1997;278(4):313-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjerre LM, LeLorier J. Do statins cause cancer? A meta-analysis of large randomized clinical trials. Am J Med 2001;110(9):716-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet 2005;366(9493):1267-78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonovas S, Filioussi K, Tsavaris N, Sitaras NM. Statins and Cancer Risk: a literature-based meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis of 35 randomized controlled trials. J Clin Oncol 2006;24(30):4808-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browning DR, Martin RM. Statins and risk of cancer: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Int J Cancer 2007;120(4):833-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dale KM, Coleman CI, Henyan NN, Statins and cancer risk: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2006;295(1):74-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alsheikh-Ali AA, Trikalinos TA, Kent DM, Karas RH. Statins, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and risk of cancer. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52(14):1141-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuoppala J, Lamminpaa A, Pukkala E. Statins and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 2008;44(15):2122-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan RE, El-Sohemy A, Archer MC. Statins and cancer development. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005;14(8):1897-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell MJ, Esserman LJ, Zhou Y, Breast cancer growth prevention by statins. Cancer Res 2006;66(17):8707-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karp I, Behlouli H, Lelorier J, Pilote L. Statins and cancer risk. Am J Med 2008;121(4):302-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blais L, Desgagne A, LeLorier J. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors and the risk of cancer: a nested case-control study. Arch Intern Med 2000;160(15):2363-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coogan PF, Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Statin use and the risk of breast and prostate cancer. Epidemiology 2002;13(3):262-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaye JA, Meier CR, Walker AM, Jick H. Statin use, hyperlipidaemia, and the risk of breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2002;86(9):1436-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boudreau DM, Gardner JS, Malone KE, The association between 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl conenzyme A inhibitor use and breast carcinoma risk among postmenopausal women: a case-control study. Cancer 2004;100(11):2308-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck P, Wysowski DK, Downey W, Butler-Jones D. Statin use and the risk of breast cancer. J Clin Epidemiol 2003;56(3):280-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cauley JA, Zmuda JM, Lui LY, Lipid-lowering drug use and breast cancer in older women: a prospective study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2003;12(8):749-56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eliassen AH, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Serum lipids, lipid-lowering drugs, and the risk of breast cancer. Arch Intern Med 2005;165(19):2264-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kochhar R, Khurana V, Bejjanki H, Statins reduce breast cancer risk: a case control study in US female veterans. J Clin Oncol 2005;23(16S)
   Google Scholar
• Boudreau DM, Yu O, Miglioretti DL, Statin use and breast cancer risk in a large population-based setting. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(3):416-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Setoguchi S, Glynn RJ, Avorn J, Statins and the risk of lung, breast, and colorectal cancer in the elderly. Circulation 2007;115(1):27-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graaf MR, Beiderbeck AB, Egberts AC, The risk of cancer in users of statins. J Clin Oncol 2004;22(12):2388-94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friis S, Poulsen AH, Johnsen SP, Cancer risk among statin users: a population-based cohort study. Int J Cancer 2005;114(4):643-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coogan PF, Rosenberg L, Strom BL. Statin use and the risk of 10 cancers. Epidemiology 2007;18(2):213-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman GD, Flick ED, Udaltsova N, Screening statins for possible carcinogenic risk: up to 9 years of follow-up of 361,859 recipients. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2008;17(1):27-36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaye JA, Jick H. Statin use and cancer risk in the General Practice Research Database. Br J Cancer 2004;90(3):635-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haukka J, Sankila R, Klaukka T, Incidence of cancer and statin usage--record linkage study. Int J Cancer 2010;126(1):279-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cauley JA, McTiernan A, Rodabough RJ, Statin use and breast cancer: prospective results from the Women's Health Initiative. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006;98(10):700-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman GD, Flick ED, Udaltsova N, Screening statins for possible carcinogenic risk: up to 9 years of follow-up of 361 859 recipients. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2008;17(1):27-36
   Google Scholar
• Sprague JR, Wood ME. Statins and breast cancer prevention: time for randomized controlled trials. J Clin Oncol 2006;24(13):2129-30; author reply 30-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonovas S, Filioussi K, Tsavaris N, Sitaras NM. Use of statins and breast cancer: a meta-analysis of seven randomized clinical trials and nine observational studies. J Clin Oncol 2005;23(34):8606-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwan ML, Habel LA, Flick ED, Post-diagnosis statin use and breast cancer recurrence in a prospective cohort study of early stage breast cancer survivors. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008;109(3):573-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs EJ, Rodriguez C, Brady KA, Cholesterol-lowering drugs and colorectal cancer incidence in a large United States cohort. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006;98(1):69-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flick ED, Habel LA, Chan KA, Statin use and risk of colorectal cancer in a cohort of middle-aged men in the US: a prospective cohort study. Drugs 2009;69(11):1445-57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh H, Mahmud SM, Turner D, Long-term use of statins and risk of colorectal cancer: a population-based study. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104(12):3015-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coogan PF, Smith J, Rosenberg L. Statin use and risk of colorectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99(1):32-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinogradova Y, Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Logan RF. Risk of colorectal cancer in patients prescribed statins, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: nested case-control study. Gastroenterology 2007;133(2):393-402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmeister M, Chang-Claude J, Brenner H. Individual and joint use of statins and low-dose aspirin and risk of colorectal cancer: a population-based case-control study. Int J Cancer 2007;121(6):1325-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang YX, Hennessy S, Propert K, Chronic statin therapy and the risk of colorectal cancer. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2008;17(9):869-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boudreau DM, Koehler E, Rulyak SJ, Cardiovascular medication use and risk for colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3076-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shadman M, Newcomb PA, Hampton JM, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins in relation to colorectal cancer risk. World J Gastroenterol 2009;15(19):2336-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poynter JN, Gruber SB, Higgins PD, Statins and the risk of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2005;352(21):2184-92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farwell WR, Scranton RE, Lawler EV, The association between statins and cancer incidence in a veterans population. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008;100(2):134-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonovas S, Filioussi K, Flordellis CS, Sitaras NM. Statins and the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of 18 studies involving more than 1.5 million patients. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(23):3462-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddiqui AA, Nazario H, Mahgoub A, For patients with colorectal cancer, the long-term use of statins is associated with better clinical outcomes. Dig Dis Sci 2009;54(6):1307-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herszenyi L, Farinati F, Miheller P, Tulassay Z. Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer: feasibility in everyday practice? Eur J Cancer Prev 2008;17(6):502-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao H, Yang CS. Combination regimen with statins and NSAIDs: a promising strategy for cancer chemoprevention. Int J Cancer 2008;123(5):983-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flossmann E, Rothwell PM, British Doctors Aspirin Trial, the UK-TIA Aspirin Trial. Effect of aspirin on long-term risk of colorectal cancer: consistent evidence from randomised and observational studies. Lancet 2007;369(9573):1603-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huls G, Koornstra JJ, Kleibeuker JH. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and molecular carcinogenesis of colorectal carcinomas. Lancet 2003;362(9379):230-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khurana V. Statins do not reduce colon cancer risk in humans: A case-control study in half million veterans [abstract 746]. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99(Suppl):242
   Google Scholar
• Taylor ML, Wells BJ, Smolak MJ. Statins and cancer: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. Eur J Cancer Prev 2008;17(3):259-68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zielinski SL. Following positive epidemiologic studies, statins to enter clinical trials for cancer prevention. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005;97(16):1172-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brookhart MA, Patrick AR, Dormuth C, Adherence to lipid-lowering therapy and the use of preventive health services: an investigation of the healthy user effect. Am J Epidemiol 2007;166(3):348-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hachem C, Morgan R, Johnson M, Statins and the risk of colorectal carcinoma: a nested case-control study in veterans with diabetes. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104(5):1241-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khurana V, Bejjanki HR, Caldito G, Owens MW. Statins reduce the risk of lung cancer in humans: a large case-control study of US veterans. Chest 2007;131(5):1282-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walser T, Cui X, Yanagawa J, Smoking and lung cancer: the role of inflammation. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2008;5(8):811-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001;285(19):2486-97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shannon J, Tewoderos S, Garzotto M, Statins and prostate cancer risk: a case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 2005;162(4):318-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singal R, Khurana V, Caldito G, Fort C. Statins and prostate cancer risk: a large case-control study in veterans. ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings 2005 June 1. J Clin Oncol 2005;23(16s, Part I of II):1004
   Google Scholar
• Platz EA, Leitzmann MF, Visvanathan K, Statin drugs and risk of advanced prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006;98(24):1819-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flick ED, Habel LA, Chan KA, Statin use and risk of prostate cancer in the California Men's Health Study Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(11):2218-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murtola TJ, Tammela TL, Lahtela J, Auvinen A. Cholesterol-lowering drugs and prostate cancer risk: a population-based case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(11):2226-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs EJ, Rodriguez C, Bain EB, Cholesterol-lowering drugs and advanced prostate cancer incidence in a large US Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(11):2213-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boudreau D, Yu O, Buist D, Miglioretti D. Statin use and prostate cancer risk in a large population based setting. Cancer Causes Control 2008;19(17):767-74
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Agalliu I, Salinas CA, Hansten PD, Statin use and risk of prostate cancer: results from a population-based epidemiologic study. Am J Epidemiol 2008;168(3):250-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smeeth L, Douglas I, Hall AJ, Effect of statins on a wide range of health outcomes: a cohort study validated by comparison with randomized trials. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2009;67(1):99-109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murtola TJ, Tammela TL, Maattanen L, Prostate cancer and PSA among statin users in the finnish prostate cancer screening trial. Int J Cancer 2010. [Epub ahead of print]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Olsen JH, Johansen C, Sorensen HT, Lipid-lowering medication and risk of cancer. J Clin Epidemiol 1999;52(2):167-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moyad MA, Merrick GS, Butler WM, Statins, especially atorvastatin, may favorably influence clinical presentation and biochemical progression-free survival after brachytherapy for clinically localized prostate cancer. Urology 2005;66(6):1150-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moyad MA, Merrick GS, Butler WM, Statins, especially atorvastatin, may improve survival following brachytherapy for clinically localized prostate cancer. Urol Nurs 2006;26(4):298-303
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soto DE, Daignault S, Sandler HM, Ray ME. No effect of statins on biochemical outcomes after radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Urology 2009;73(1):158-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loeb S, Kan D, Helfand BT, Is statin use associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness? BJU Int 2009. [Epub ahead of print]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford I, Murray H, Packard CJ, Long-term follow-up of the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. N Engl J Med 2007;357(15):1477-86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonovas S, Filioussi K, Sitaras NM. Statin use and the risk of prostate cancer: A metaanalysis of 6 randomized clinical trials and 13 observational studies. Int J Cancer 2008;123(4):899-904
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivaprasad U, Abbas T, Dutta A. Differential efficacy of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitors on the cell cycle of prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(9):2310-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platz EA. Epidemiologic musing on statin drugs in the prevention of advanced prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(11):2175-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton RJ, Goldberg KC, Platz EA, Freedland SJ. The influence of statin medications on prostate-specific antigen levels. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008;100(21):1511-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cyrus-David MS, Weinberg A, Thompson T, Kadmon D. The effect of statins on serum prostate specific antigen levels in a cohort of airline pilots: a preliminary report. J Urol 2005;173(6):1923-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mondul AM, Selvin E, De Marzo AM, Statin drugs, serum cholesterol, and prostate-specific antigen in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001 – 2004 Cancer Causes Control 2010. [Epub ahead of print]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krane LS, Kaul SA, Stricker HJ, Men presenting for radical prostatectomy on preoperative statin therapy have reduced serum prostate specific antigen. J Urol 2010;183(1):118-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu O, Boudreau DM, Buist DS, Miglioretti DL. Statin use and female reproductive organ cancer risk in a large population-based setting. Cancer Causes Control 2009;20(5):609-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothman KJ, Greenland S. Modern epidemiology. Second edition. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA; 1998
   Google Scholar
• Kritchevsky SB, Kritchevsky D. Serum cholesterol and cancer risk: an epidemiologic perspective. Annu Rev Nutr 1992;12:391-416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein FH. Relationship between low cholesterol and disease. Evidence from epidemiological studies and preventive trials. Ann NY Acad Sci 1995;748:482-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law MR, Thompson SG, Wald NJ. Assessing possible hazards of reducing serum cholesterol. BMJ 1994;308(6925):373-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs EJ, Gapstur SM. Cholesterol and cancer: answers and new questions. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(11):2805-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahn J, Lim U, Weinstein SJ, Prediagnostic total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and risk of cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(11):2814-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneeweiss S, Setoguchi S, Brookhart A, Risk of death associated with the use of conventional versus atypical antipsychotic drugs among elderly patients. CMAJ 2007;176(5):627-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dormuth CR, Patrick AR, Shrank WH, Statin adherence and risk of accidents: a cautionary tale. Circulation 2009;119(15):2051-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar