Safety of fluvastatin in patients undergoing high-risk non-cardiac surgery

Bibliography

• Gordon DJ, Rifkind BM. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors: a new class of cholesterol-lowering agents. Ann Intern Med 1987;107(5):759-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasternak RC, Smith SC Jr, Bairey-Merz CN, ACC/AHA/NHLBI clinical advisory on the use and safety of statins. Circulation 2002;106(8):1024-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poldermans D, Bax JJ, Boersma E, Guidelines for pre-operative cardiac risk assessment and perioperative cardiac management in non-cardiac surgery: the Task Force for preoperative cardiac risk assessment and perioperative cardiac management in non-cardiac surgery of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and endorsed by the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA). Eur Heart J 2009;30(22):2769-812
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davignon J, Laaksonen R. Low-density lipoprotein-independent effects of statins. Curr Opin Lipidol 1999;10(6):543-59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnaud C, Burger F, Steffens S, Statins reduce interleukin-6-induced C-reactive protein in human hepatocytes: new evidence for direct antiinflammatory effects of statins. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005;25(6):1231-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Kuijk JP, Flu WJ, Witteveen OP, The influence of statins on the expansion rate and rupture risk of abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2009;50(5):599-609
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan JN, Tsai MY, Hegland J, Hunninghake DB. Effects of fluvastatin (XU 62-320), an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, on the distribution and composition of low density lipoprotein subspecies in humans. Atherosclerosis 1991;87(2-3):147-57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tse FL, Jaffe JM, Troendle A. Pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin after single and multiple doses in normal volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 1992;32(7):630-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corsini A. Fluvastatin: effects beyond cholesterol lowering. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2000;5(3):161-75
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scripture CD, Pieper JA. Clinical pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin. Clin Pharmacokinet 2001;40(4):263-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence JM, Reckless JP. Fluvastatin. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2002;3(11):1631-41
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Available from: http://www.pharma.us.novartis.com/product/pi/pdf/Lescol.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Sabia H, Prasad P, Smith HT, Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of an extended-release formulation of fluvastatin administered once daily to patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2001;37(5):502-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boersma E, Kertai MD, Schouten O, Perioperative cardiovascular mortality in noncardiac surgery: validation of the Lee cardiac risk index. Am J Med 2005;118(10):1134-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schouten O, Boersma E, Hoeks SE, Fluvastatin and perioperative events in patients undergoing vascular surgery. N Engl J Med 2009;361(10):980-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poldermans D. Statins and noncardiac surgery: current evidence and practical considerations. Cleve Clin J Med 2009;76(Suppl 4):S79-83
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Benghozi R, Bortolini M, Jia Y, Frequency of creatine kinase elevation during treatment with fluvastatin. Am J Cardiol 2002;89(2):231-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruckert E, Hayem G, Dejager S, Mild to moderate muscular symptoms with high-dosage statin therapy in hyperlipidemic patients – the PRIMO study. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2005;19(6):403-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Graaf A, Nierman MC, Firth JC, Efficacy and safety of fluvastatin in children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Acta Paediatr 2006;95(11):1461-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hrab RV, Hartman HA, Cox RH Jr. Prevention of fluvastatin-induced toxicity, mortality, and cardiac myopathy in pregnant rats by mevalonic acid supplementation. Teratology 1994;50(1):19-26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in pregnancy and lactation. 5th edition. Baltimore, Maryland; 1998. p. 630-2
   Google Scholar
• Lye M, Valacio R, Reckless JP, Elderly patients with hypercholesterolaemia: a double-blind study of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of fluvastatin. Coron Artery Dis 1998;9(9):583-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chong PH, Seeger JD, Franklin C. Clinically relevant differences between the statins: implications for therapeutic selection. Am J Med 2001;111(5):390-400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline SS, Harrell CC. Potential warfarin-fluvastatin interaction. Ann Pharmacother 1997;31(6):790
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrus MR. Oral anticoagulant drug interactions with statins: case report of fluvastatin and review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy 2004;24(2):285-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kokudai M, Inui N, Takeuchi K, Effects of statins on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 2009;49(5):568-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang LQ, Yu WF, Cao YF, Potential inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 by propofol in human primary hepatocytes. World J Gastroenterol 2003;9(9):1959-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feierman DE, Lasker JM. Metabolism of fentanyl, a synthetic opioid analgesic, by human liver microsomes. Role of CYP3A4. Drug Metab Dispos 1996;24(9):932-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonnell CG, Malkan D, Van Pelt FD, Shorten GD. Elimination of alfentanil delivered by infusion is not altered by the chronic administration of atorvastatin. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2003;20(8):662-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heeschen C, Hamm CW, Laufs U, Withdrawal of statins increases event rates in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2002;105(12):1446-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schouten O, Hoeks SE, Welten GM, Effect of statin withdrawal on frequency of cardiac events after vascular surgery. Am J Cardiol 2007;100(2):316-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poldermans D, Bax JJ, Kertai MD, Statins are associated with a reduced incidence of perioperative mortality in patients undergoing major noncardiac vascular surgery. Circulation 2003;107(14):1848-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durazzo AE, Machado FS, Ikeoka DT, Reduction in cardiovascular events after vascular surgery with atorvastatin: a randomized trial. J Vasc Surg 2004;39(5):967-75; discussion 975-966
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kertai MD, Boersma E, Westerhout CM, A combination of statins and beta-blockers is independently associated with a reduction in the incidence of perioperative mortality and nonfatal myocardial infarction in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2004;28(4):343-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Neil-Callahan K, Katsimaglis G, Tepper MR, Statins decrease perioperative cardiac complications in patients undergoing noncardiac vascular surgery: the Statins for Risk Reduction in Surgery (StaRRS) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45(3):336-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindenauer PK, Pekow P, Wang K, Lipid-lowering therapy and in-hospital mortality following major noncardiac surgery. JAMA 2004;291(17):2092-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunkelgrun M, Boersma E, Schouten O, Bisoprolol and fluvastatin for the reduction of perioperative cardiac mortality and myocardial infarction in intermediate-risk patients undergoing noncardiovascular surgery: a randomized controlled trial (DECREASE-IV). Ann Surg 2009;249(6):921-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yood MU, McCarthy BD, Kempf J, Racial differences in reaching target low-density lipoprotein goal among individuals treated with prescription statin therapy. Am Heart J 2006;152(4):777-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krauss RM, Mangravite LM, Smith JD, Variation in the 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase gene is associated with racial differences in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to simvastatin treatment. Circulation 2008;117(12):1537-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito T, Ikeda U, Shimpo M, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors reduce interleukin-6 synthesis in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2002;16(2):121-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar