Safety and efficacy of pharmacological cardioversion of atrial fibrillation using intravenous vernakalant, a new antiarrhythmic drug with atrial selectivity

Bibliography

• BRINAVESS™ (vernakalant) for infusion approved in the European Union for rapid conversion of recent onset atrial fibrillation. Available from: http://www merckcom/newsroom/news-release-archive/research-and-development/ 2010
   Google Scholar
• Dorian P, Pinter A, Mangat I, The Effect of Vernakalant (RSD1235), an investigational antiarrhythmic agent, on atrial electrophysiology in humans. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2007;50:35-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fedida D, Orth PMR, Chen JYC, The Mechanism of Atrial Antiarrhythmic Action of RSD1235. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2005;16:1227-38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravens U, Cerbai E. Role of potassium currents in cardiac arrhythmias. Europace 2008;10(10):1133-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant AO. Basic Electrophysiology. Cardiovascular Division, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 3504, Durham, NC, USA. Available online: 9 November 2010
   Google Scholar
• Tamargo J, Caballero R, GA³mez R, IKur/Kv1.5 channel blockers for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2009;18(4):399-416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmeliet E, Mubagwa K. Antiarrhythmic drugs and cardiac ion channels: mechanisms of action. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 1998;70:1-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nattel S. Atrial electrophysiology and mechanisms of atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2003;8:S5-S11
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Orth PMR, Hesketh JC, Mak CKH, RSD1235 blocks late INa and suppresses early afterdepolarizations and torsades de pointes induced by class III agents. Cardiovasc Res 2006;70:486-96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astellas Pharma US IN- Briefing materials for THE CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL DRUGS ADVISORY COMMITTEE. KYNAPIDTM (vernakalant hydrochloride injection). Available from: http://wwwfdagov/ohrms/dockets/ac/07/briefing/2007-4327b1-01-astellas-backgrounderpdf 2007; DECEMBER 11:pages 30-6
   Google Scholar
• Mao ZL, Townsend RW, Gao C, Population pharmacokinetics of vernakalant hydrochloride injection (RSD1235) in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. J Clini Pharmacol 0091270011408425, first published on June 9, 2011. [Epub ahead of print]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy D, Pratt CM, Torp-Pedersen C, Vernakalant hydrochloride for rapid conversion of atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2008;117:1518-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowey PR, Dorian P, Mitchell LB, Vernakalant hydrochloride for the rapid conversion of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery/ clinical perspective. Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol 2009;2:652-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt CM, Roy D, Torp-Pedersen C, Usefulness of vernakalant hydrochloride injection for rapid conversion of atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2010;106:1277-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camm AJ, Capucci A, Hohnloser SH, A Randomized Active-Controlled Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Vernakalant to Amiodarone in Recent-Onset Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:313-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torp-Pedersen C, Raev DH, Dickinson G, A Randomized, placebo-controlled study of vernakalant (oral) for the prevention of atrial fibrillation recurrence after cardioversion/ clinical perspective. Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol 2011;4:637-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy D, Rowe BH, Stiell IG, A randomized, controlled trial of RSD1235, a novel anti-arrhythmic agent, in the treatment of recent onset atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:2355-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiell IG, Roos JS, Kavanagh KM, A multicenter, open-label study of vernakalant for the conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Am Heart J 2010;159:1095-101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crystal E, Garfinkle MS, Connolly S, Interventions for preventing post-operative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing heart surgery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Chichester; UK: 2004
   Google Scholar
• Torp-Pedersen C, Camm AJ, Butterfield NN, Vernakalant: Conversion of atrial fibrillation in patients with ischemic heart disease. Int J Cardiol Nov 21 2011. [Epub ahead of print]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camm AJ, Kirchhof P, Lip GYH, Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2010;31:2369-429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Er F, Aslan O, Caglayan E, Flecainide for cardioversion in patients at elevated cardiovascular risk and persistent atrial fibrillation: a prospective observational study. Clin Res Cardiol 2010;99:369-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vardas PE, Kochiadakis GE, Igoumenidis NE, Amiodarone as a first-choice drug for restoring sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation*. Chest 2000;117:1538-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schilling RJ. Cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: the use of antiarrhythmic drugs. Heart 2010;96:333-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen OD, Bagger H, Keller N, Efficacy of Dofetilide in the treatment of atrial fibrillation-flutter in patients with reduced left ventricular function. Circulation 2001;104:292-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyle NG, Shivkumar K. Atrial fibrillation in congestive heart failure: current management. Cardiology Clin 2009;27:79-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VanderLugt JT, Mattioni T, Denker S, Efficacy and safety of ibutilide fumarate for the conversion of atrial arrhythmias after cardiac surgery. Circulation 1999;100:369-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar