1,000
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Drug–drug interaction between NSAIDS and low-dose aspirin: a focus on cardiovascular and GI toxicity

, MD, , MD, , PhD, , MD & , PhD

Bibliography

  • Solomon D. NSAIDS: Mechanism of action 2. UpToDate 2013 Sep 24 2013. Available from: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/nsaids-mechanism-of-action [Cited 22 December 2013]
  • FDA. Medication guide for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Postmarket drug information. 2013. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/drugsafety/postmarketdrugsafetyinformationforpatientsandproviders/ucm106241.pdf [Cited 22 December 2013]
  • Wiegand T. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent toxicity. 2013. Available from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/816117-overview [Cited 22 December 2013]
  • Chen YF, Jobanputra P, Barton P, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (etodolac, meloxicam, celecoxib, rofecoxib, etoricoxib, valdecoxib and lumiracoxib) for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2008;12(11):1-278. iii
  • Varas-Lorenzo C, Riera-Guardia N, Calingaert B, et al. Stroke risk and NSAIDs: a systematic review of observational studies. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2011;20(12):1225-36
  • World Health Organization. WHO’s pain ladder for adults. 1988. Available from: http://www.who.int/cancer/palliative/painladder/en/ [Cited 7 May 2013]
  • Zhang W, Doherty M. EULAR recommendations for knee and hip osteoarthritis: a critique of the methodology. Br J Sports Med 2006;40(8):664-9
  • Zhang W, Moskowitz RW, Nuki G, et al. OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis, Part II: OARSI evidence-based, expert consensus guidelines. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008;16(2):137-62
  • American Geriatrics Society. AGS clinical practice guideline: pharmacological management of persistent pain in older persons. 2013. Available from: http://www.americangeriatrics.org/health_care_professionals/clinical_practice/clinical_guidelines_recommendations/persistent_pain_executive_summary [Cited 14 December 2013]
  • Vane JR, Anggard EE, Botting RM. Regulatory functions of the vascular endothelium. N Engl J Med 1990;323(1):27-36
  • Schafer AI. Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapy on platelets. Am J med 1999;106(5B):25S-36S
  • Kroll MH, Harris TS, Moake JL, et al. von Willebrand factor binding to platelet GpIb initiates signals for platelet activation. J Clin Invest 1991;88(5):1568-73
  • Scharf RE. Drugs that affect platelet function. Semin Thromb Hemost 2012;38(8):865-83
  • Velez Edwards DR, Hartmann KE. Racial differences in risk of spontaneous abortions associated with periconceptional over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug exposure. Ann Epidemiol 2014;24(2):111-5. e1
  • Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2012;Jan 3;125(1):e2-e220
  • Bartolucci AA, Tendera M, Howard G. Meta-analysis of multiple primary prevention trials of cardiovascular events using aspirin. Am J Cardiol 2011;107(12):1796-801
  • VanWormer JJ, Greenlee RT, McBride PE, et al. Aspirin for primary prevention of CVD: are the right people using it? J Fam Pract 2012;61(9):525-32
  • Antithrombotic Trialists C. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002;324(7329):71-86
  • Hennekens CH. Update on aspirin in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Am J Manag Care 2002;8(22 Suppl):S691-700
  • Hennekens CH, Schneider WR. The need for wider and appropriate utilization of aspirin and statins in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2008;6(1):95-107
  • Karolczak K, Pietruszynski R, Drzewoski J, et al. Aspirin dose increase from 75 to 150 mg suppresses red blood cell contribution to suboptimal platelet response to aspirin in patients with CAD. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2013;27(6):549-58
  • Floyd CN, Ferro A. Mechanisms of aspirin resistance. Pharmacol Ther 2014;141(1):69-78
  • Hankey G, Eikelboom J. Aspirin resistance. Lancet Oncol 2006;367:606-17
  • Grosser T, Fries S, Lawson JA, et al. Drug resistance and pseudoresistance: an unintended consequence of enteric coating aspirin. Circulation 2013;127(3):377-85
  • FDA. Information for healthcare professionals: concomitant use of ibuprofen and aspirin. postmarket drug safety information for patients and providers. 2006. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm125222.htm [Cited 23 December 2013]
  • Meek IL, Vonkeman HE, Kasemier J, et al. Interference of NSAIDs with the thrombocyte inhibitory effect of aspirin: a placebo-controlled, ex vivo, serial placebo-controlled serial crossover study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013;69(3):365-71
  • Rimon G, Sidhu RS, Lauver DA, et al. Coxibs interfere with the action of aspirin by binding tightly to one monomer of cyclooxygenase-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010;107(1):28-33
  • Renda G, Tacconelli S, Capone ML, et al. Celecoxib, ibuprofen, and the antiplatelet effect of aspirin in patients with osteoarthritis and ischemic heart disease. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2006;80(3):264-74
  • Fischer LM, Schlienger RG, Matter CM, et al. Current use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. Pharmacotherapy 2005;25(4):503-10
  • Hudson M, Baron M, Rahme E, et al. Ibuprofen may abrogate the benefits of aspirin when used for secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. J Rheumatol 2005;32(8):1589-93
  • Biskupiak JE, Brixner DI, Howard K, et al. Gastrointestinal complications of over-the-counter nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 2006;20(3):7-14
  • Peterson GM. Selecting nonprescription analgesics. Am J Ther 2005;12(1):67-79
  • Stosic R, Dunagan F, Palmer H, et al. Responsible self-medication: perceived risks and benefits of over-the-counter analgesic use. Int J Pharm Pract 2011;19(4):236-45
  • Wilcox CM, Cryer B, Triadafilopoulos G. Patterns of use and public perception of over-the-counter pain relievers: focus on nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. J Rheumatol 2005;32(11):2218-24
  • McGoldrick MD, Bailie GR. Nonnarcotic analgesics: prevalence and estimated economic impact of toxicities. Ann Pharmacother 1997;31(2):221-7
  • Barkin RL. Acetaminophen, aspirin, or Ibuprofen in combination analgesic products. Am J Ther 2001;8(6):433-42
  • Brune K, Hinz B, Otterness I. Aspirin and acetaminophen: should they be available over the counter? Curr Rheumatol Rep 2009;11(1):36-40
  • Benotsch EG, Koester S, Martin AM, et al. Intentional misuse of over-the-counter medications, mental health, and polysubstance use in young adults. J Community Health 2013. [Epub ahead of print]
  • Pergolizzi JV Jr, Labhsetwar SA, Amy Puenpatom R, et al. Economic impact of potential CYP450 pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions among chronic low back pain patients taking opioids. Pain Pract 2012;12(1):45-56
  • Pergolizzi JV Jr, Labhsetwar SA, Puenpatom RA, et al. Economic impact of potential drug-drug interactions among osteoarthritis patients taking opioids. Pain Pract 2012;12(1):33-44
  • Pergolizzi JV Jr, Labhsetwar SA, Puenpatom RA, et al. Exposure to potential CYP450 pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions among osteoarthritis patients: incremental risk of multiple prescriptions. Pain Pract 2011;11(4):325-36
  • Catella-Lawson F, Reilly MP, Kapoor SC, et al. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors and the antiplatelet effects of aspirin. N Eng J Med 2001;345(25):1809-17
  • MacDonald TM, Wei L. Effect of ibuprofen on cardioprotective effect of aspirin. Lancet 2003;361(9357):573-4
  • Hohlfeld T, Saxena A, Schror K. High on treatment platelet reactivity against aspirin by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs – pharmacological mechanisms and clinical relevance. Thromb Haemost 2013;109(5):825-33
  • Lim YJ, Chun HJ. Recent advances in NSAIDs-induced enteropathy therapeutics: new options, new challenges. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2013;2013:761060
  • Smecuol E, Pinto Sanchez MI, Suarez A, et al. Low-dose aspirin affects the small bowel mucosa: results of a pilot study with a multidimensional assessment. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;7(5):524-9
  • Maiden L. Capsule endoscopic diagnosis of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-induced enteropathy. J Gastroenterol 2009;44(Suppl19):64-71
  • Tibble JA, Sigthorsson G, Foster R, et al. High prevalence of NSAID enteropathy as shown by a simple faecal test. Gut 1999;45(3):362-6
  • Fujimori S, Gudis K, Takahashi Y, et al. Distribution of small intestinal mucosal injuries as a result of NSAID administration. Eur J Clin Invest 2010;40(6):504-10
  • Scarpignato C, Hunt RH. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-related injury to the gastrointestinal tract: clinical picture, pathogenesis, and prevention. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2010;39(3):433-64
  • Keum B, Chun HJ. Capsule endoscopy and double balloon enteroscopy for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: which is better? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;26(5):794-5
  • Castellsague J, Riera-Guardia N, Calingaert B, et al. Individual NSAIDs and upper gastrointestinal complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies (the SOS project). Drug Saf 2012;35(12):1127-46
  • Wallace JL. Polypharmacy of osteoarthritis: the perfect intestinal storm. Dig dis sci 2013;58(11):3088-93
  • Lanza F, Chan F, Quigley E. Guidelines for prevention of NSAID-related ulcer complications. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104:728-38
  • Angiolillo DJ, Datto C, Raines S, et al. Impact of concomitant low-dose aspirin on the safety and tolerability of naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release tablets in patients requiring chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy: an analysis from 5 Phase III studies. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2013. [Epub ahead of print]
  • Brooks J, Warburton R, Beales IL. Prevention of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: current controversies and clinical guidance. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2013;4(5):206-22
  • Silverstein FE, Faich G, Goldstein JL, et al. Gastrointestinal toxicity with celecoxib vs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: the CLASS study: a randomized controlled trial. Celecoxib long-term arthritis safety study. JAMA 2000;284(10):1247-55
  • Goldstein JL. Challenges in managing NSAID-associated gastrointestinal tract injury. Digestion 2004;69(Suppl1):25-33
  • Lanas A, Boers M, Nuevo J. Gastrointestinal events in at-risk patients starting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for rheumatic diseases: the EVIDENCE study of European routine practice. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [Epub ahead of print]
  • Scheiman JM. The use of proton pump inhibitors in treating and preventing NSAID-induced mucosal damage. Arthritis Res Ther 2013;15(Suppl3):S5
  • Leontiadis GI, Sreedharan A, Dorward S, et al. Systematic reviews of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Health Technol Assess 2007;11(51):iii –v. 1-164
  • Cryer B, Feldman M. Effects of very low dose daily, long-term aspirin therapy on gastric, duodenal, and rectal prostaglandin levels and on mucosal injury in healthy humans. Gastroenterology 1999;117:17-25
  • Hart J, Hawkey CJ, Lanas A, et al. Predictors of gastroduodenal erosions in patients taking low-dose aspirin. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010;31(1):143-9
  • Yeomans ND, Tulassay Z, Juhasz L, et al. A comparison of omeprazole with ranitidine for ulcers associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. acid suppression trial: ranitidine versus omeprazole for NSAID-associated ulcer treatment (ASTRONAUT) study group. N Eng J Med 1998;338(11):719-26
  • Hawkey CJ, Karrasch JA, Szczepanski L, et al. Omeprazole compared with misoprostol for ulcers associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. omeprazole versus misoprostol for NSAID-induced ulcer management (OMNIUM) Study Group. N Eng J Med 1998;338(11):727-34
  • Andersson T, Morrison D, Nagy P, et al. Evaluation of the pharmacodynamics of acetylsalicylic acid 81 mg with or without esomeprazole 20 mg in healthy volunteers. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs Aug 1;12(4):217-24
  • Niazi M, Andersson T, Naucler E, et al. Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic interaction between esomeprazole (40 mg) and acetylsalicylic acid (325 mg) in healthy volunteers. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009;47(9):564-9
  • Banoob D, McCloskey W, Webster W. Risk of gastric injury with enteric- versus nonenteric-coated aspirin. Ann Pharmacother 2002;36:163-6
  • Baglikov AN, Rafal’skii VV. [The value of compliance during chronic administration of acetylsalicylic acid in patients with acute coronary syndrome: results of the study FORPOST]. Kardiologiia 2012;52(9):22-8
  • Endo H, Sakai E, Higurashi T, et al. Differences in the severity of small bowel mucosal injury based on the type of aspirin as evaluated by capsule endoscopy. Dig Liver Dis 2012;44(10):833-8
  • Taha AS, McCloskey C, Prasad R, et al. Famotidine for the prevention of peptic ulcers and oesophagitis in patients taking low-dose aspirin (FAMOUS): a phase III, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2009;374(9684):119-25
  • Silverman DG, Halaszynski T, Sinatra R, et al. Rofecoxib does not compromise platelet aggregation during anesthesia and surgery. Can J Anaesth 2003;50(10):1004-8
  • Pfizer. CELEBREX® (celecoxib) capsules [Prescribing Information]. Pfizer, New York, NY; 2013
  • Welch S. The arachidonic acid cascade. Available from: http://www2.courses.vcu.edu/ptxed/m2/powerpoint/download/Welch%20AA%20Cascade.PDF [Cited 23 December 2013]
  • FitzGerald GA, Cheng Y, Austin S. COX-2 inhibitors and the cardiovascular system. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2001;19(6 Suppl 25):S31-6
  • Konstam MA, Demopoulos LA. Cardiovascular events and COX-2 inhibitors. JAMA 2001;286(22):2809; author reply 11-2
  • Bombardier C. An evidence-based evaluation of the gastrointestinal safety of coxibs. Am J Cardiol 2002;89(6A):3D-9D
  • Pedersen AK, FitzGerald GA. Dose-related kinetics of aspirin. Presystemic acetylation of platelet cyclooxygenase. N Eng J Med 1984;311(19):1206-11
  • Roth GJ, Majerus PW. The mechanism of the effect of aspirin on human platelets. I. Acetylation of a particulate fraction protein. J Clin Invest 1975;56(3):624-32
  • Roth GJ, Stanford N, Majerus PW. Acetylation of prostaglandin synthase by aspirin. Proc of the Natl Acad Sci USA 1975;72(8):3073-6
  • Nakahata N. Thromboxane A2: physiology/pathophysiology, cellular signal transduction and pharmacology. Pharmacol Ther 2008;118(1):18-35
  • FitzGerald GA. Mechanisms of platelet activation: thromboxane A2 as an amplifying signal for other agonists. Am J Cardiol 1991;68(7):11B-5B
  • Saxena A, Balaramnavar VM, Hohlfeld T, et al. Drug/drug interaction of common NSAIDs with antiplatelet effect of aspirin in human platelets. Eur J Pharmacol 2013;721(1-3):215-24
  • Schuijt MP, Huntjens-Fleuren HW, de Metz M, et al. The interaction of ibuprofen and diclofenac with aspirin in healthy volunteers. Br J Pharmacol 2009;157(6):931-4
  • Van Ryn J, Kink-Eiband M, Kuritsch I, et al. Meloxicam does not affect the antiplatelet effect of aspirin in healthy male and female volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 2004;44(7):777-84
  • Lee W, Suh JW, Yang HM, et al. Celecoxib does not attenuate the antiplatelet effects of aspirin and clopidogrel in healthy volunteers. Korean Circ J 2010;40(7):321-7
  • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Home. 2014. Available from: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/ [Cited 2013 December 23]
  • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: clinical summary of U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations. 2009. Available from: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf09/aspirincvd/aspcvdsum.htm [Cited 4 January 2014]
  • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Routine aspirin use for the primary prevention of cancer. October.2013. Available from: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsasco.htm [Cited 4 January 2014]
  • Ellison J, Dager W. Recent FDA warning of the concomitant use of aspirin and ibuprofen and the effects on platelet aggregation. Prev Cardiol 2007;10(2):61-3
  • Awa K, Satoh H, Hori S, et al. Prediction of time-dependent interaction of aspirin with ibuprofen using a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model. J Clin Pharm Ther 2012;37(4):469-74
  • Yokoyama H, Ito N, Soeda S, et al. Influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on antiplatelet effect of aspirin. J Clin Pharm Ther 2013;38(1):12-15
  • Bruno A, Tacconelli S, Patrignani P. Variability in the response to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: mechanisms and perspectives. Basic Clinpharmacol Toxicol 2014;114(1):56-63
  • Administration FaD. Proposed NSAID package insert labeling template 1. 2005. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/drugsafety/postmarket drugsafetyinformationforpatientsandproviders/ucm106230.pdf [Cited 16 December 2013]
  • Mallen SR, Essex MN, Zhang R. Gastrointestinal tolerability of NSAIDs in elderly patients: a pooled analysis of 21 randomized clinical trials with celecoxib and nonselective NSAIDs. Curr Med Res Opin 2011;27(7):1359-6
  • Niculescu L, Li C, Huang J, et al. Pooled analysis of GI tolerability of 21 randomized controlled trials of celecoxib and nonselective NSAIDs. Curr Med Res Opin 2009;25(3):729-40
  • Motsko SP, Rascati KL, Busti AJ, et al. Temporal relationship between use of NSAIDs, including selective COX-2 inhibitors, and cardiovascular risk. Drug Saf 2006;29(7):621-32
  • Dajani EZ, Islam K. Cardiovascular and gastrointestinal toxicity of selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors in man. J Physiol Pharmacol 2008;59(Suppl2):117-33
  • Ray W, Varas-Lorenzo C, Chung C, et al. Cardiovascular risks of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in patients after hospitalization for serious coronary heart disease. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2009;2(3):141-9
  • McGettigan P, Henry D. Cardiovascular risk with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: systematic review of population-based controlled observational studies. PLoS Med 2011;8:e1001098
  • Kohli P, Steg PG, Cannon CP, et al. NSAID use and association with cardiovascular outcomes in outpatients with stable atherothrombotic disease. Am J Med 2014;127(1):53-60.e1
  • Olsen AM, Gislason GH, Fosbol EL. Time-perspective in cardiovascular risk of NSAID use after first-time myocardial infarction. Curr Opin Cardiol 2013;28(6):683-8
  • Schjerning Olsen A, Fosbol E, Lindhardsend J, et al. Duration of treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and impact on risk of death and recurrent myocardial infarction in patients with prior myocardial infarction: a nationwide cohort study. Circulation 2011;123(20):2226-35
  • Serebruany VL, Malinin AI, Bhatt DL. Paradoxical rebound platelet activation after painkillers cessation: missing risk for vascular events? Am J Med 2006;119(8):707 e11-16
  • Bertolini A, Ottani A, Sandrini M. Selective COX-2 inhibitors and dual acting anti-inflammatory drugs: critical remarks. Curr Med Chem 2002;9(10):1033-4
  • Leone S, Ottani A, Bertolini A. Dual acting anti-inflammatory drugs. Curr Top Med Chem 2007;7(3):265-75
  • Gibofsky A, Silberstein S, Argoff C, et al. Lower-dose diclofenac submicron particle capsules provide early and sustained acute patient pain relief in a phase 3 study. Postgrad Med 2013;125(5):130-8
  • Altman R, Daniels S, Young CL. Indomethacin submicron particle capsules provide effective pain relief in patients with acute pain: a phase 3 study. Phys Sportsmed 2013;41(4):7-15
  • Manvelian G, Daniels S, Gibofsky A. A phase 2 study evaluating the efficacy and safety of a novel, proprietary, nano-formulated, lower dose oral diclofenac. Pain Med 2012;13(11):1491-8
  • Atkinson TJ, Fudin J, Jahn HL, et al. What’s new in NSAID pharmacotherapy: oral agents to injectables. Pain Med 2013;14(Suppl 1):S11-17
  • Laska EM, Sunshine A, Marrero I, et al. The correlation between blood levels of ibuprofen and clinical analgesic response. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1986;40(1):1-7
  • American geriatrics society panel on pharmacological management of persistent pain in older. Pharmacological management of persistent pain in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009;57(8):1331-46
  • Curtis J, Krumholz H. The case for an adverse interaction between aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: is it time to believe the hype? J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43(6):991-3
  • Gladding PA, Webster MW, Farrell HB, et al. The antiplatelet effect of six non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their pharmacodynamic interaction with aspirin in healthy volunteers. Am J Cardiol 2008;101(7):1060
  • Gengo FM, Rubin L, Robson M, et al. Effects of ibuprofen on the magnitude and duration of aspirin’s inhibition of platelet aggregation: clinical consequences in stroke prophylaxis. J Clin Pharmacol 2008;48(1):117-22
  • Hong Y, Gengo FM, Rainka MM, et al. Population pharmacodynamic modelling of aspirin- and Ibuprofen-induced inhibition of platelet aggregation in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacokinet 2008;47(2):129-37
  • Garcia Rodriguez LA, Varas-Lorenzo C, Maguire A, et al. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and the risk of myocardial infarction in the general population. Circulation 2004;109(24):3000-6
  • Patel TN, Goldberg KC. Use of aspirin and ibuprofen compared with aspirin alone and the risk of myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 2004;164(8):852-6
  • Chi Y, Li K, Yan Q, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug flufenamic acid is a potent activator of AMP-activated protein kinase. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011;339(1):257-66
  • Capone ML, Sciulli MG, Tacconelli S, et al. Pharmacodynamic interaction of naproxen with low-dose aspirin in healthy subjects. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45(8):1295-301
  • Anzellotti P, Capone ML, Jeyam A, et al. Low-dose naproxen interferes with the antiplatelet effects of aspirin in healthy subjects: recommendations to minimize the functional consequences. Arthritis rheum 2011;63(3):850-9
  • Oldenhof J, Hochberg M, Schiff M, et al. Effect of maximum OTC doses of naproxen sodium or acetaminophen on low-dose aspirin inhibition of serum thromboxane B2. Curr Med Res Opin 2010;26(6):1497-504
  • Angiolillo DJ, Hwang C, Datto C, et al. Impact of a fixed-dose combination of naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium on serum thromboxane B2 inhibition by low-dose aspirin over 5 days in healthy adults: a phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, noninferiority trial. Clin Ther 2011;33(12):1883-93
  • Zhou Y, Boudreau DM, Freedman AN. Trends in the use of aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the general U.S. population. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2014;23(1):43-50

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.