Delivery systems and adjuvants for oral vaccines

Bibliography

• PLOTKIN SA: Vaccines: past, present and future. Nat. Med. (2005) 11(4 Suppl.):S5-S11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAUCI AS, TOUCHETTE NA, FOLKERS GK: Emerging infectious diseases: a 10-year perspective from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Emerg. Infect. Dis. (2005) 11(4):519-525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOLMGREN J, CZERKINSKY C: Mucosal immunity and vaccines. Nat. Med. (2005) 11(4 Suppl.):S45-S53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AYLWARD RB, SUTTER RW, HEYMANN DL: Policy. OPV cessation – the final step to a ‘polio-free’ world. Science (2005) 310(5748):625-626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAVELLE EC: Generation of improved mucosal vaccines by induction of innate immunity. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. (2005) 62(23):2750-2770.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ARAMAKI Y, TOMIZAWA H, HARA T et al.: Stability of liposomes in vitro and their uptake by rat Peyer’s patches following oral administration. Pharm. Res. (1993) 10(8):1228-1231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SJOLANDER A, COX JC: Uptake and adjuvant activity of orally delivered saponin and ISCOM vaccines. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. (1998) 34(2-3):321-338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’HAGAN DT: The intestinal uptake of particles and the implications for drug and antigen delivery. J. Anat. (1996) 189(Pt 3):477-482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NEUTRA MR, MANTIS NJ, KRAEHENBUHL JP: Collaboration of epithelial cells with organized mucosal lymphoid tissues. Nat. Immunol. (2001) 2(11):1004-1009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FLORENCE AT: The oral absorption of micro- and nanoparticulates: neither exceptional nor unusual. Pharm. Res. (1997) 14(3):259-266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KIYONO H, FUKUYAMA S: NALT- versus Peyer’s-patch-mediated mucosal immunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. (2004) 4(9):699-710.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAGARASAN S, HONJO T: Regulation of IgA synthesis at mucosal surfaces. Curr. Opin. Immunol. (2004) 16(3):277-283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NIESS JH, BRAND S, GU X et al.: CX3CR1-mediated dendritic cell access to the intestinal lumen and bacterial clearance. Science (2005) 307(5707):254-258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOWAT AM: Anatomical basis of tolerance and immunity to intestinal antigens. Nat. Rev. Immunol. (2003) 3(4):331-341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OWEN RL: Uptake and transport of intestinal macromolecules and microorganisms by M cells in Peyer’s patches – a personal and historical perspective. Semin. Immunol. (1999) 11(3):157-163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FREY A, GIANNASCA KT, WELTZIN R et al.: Role of the glycocalyx in regulating access of microparticles to apical plasma membranes of intestinal epithelial cells: implications for microbial attachment and oral vaccine targeting. J. Exp. Med. (1996) 184(3):1045-1059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OWEN RL, CRAY WC Jr, ERMAK TH, PIERCE NF: Bacterial characteristics and follicle surface structure: their roles in Peyer’s patch uptake and transport of Vibrio cholerae. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. (1988) 237:705-715.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NEUTRA MR, PHILLIPS TL, MAYER EL, FISHKIND DJ: Transport of membrane-bound macromolecules by M cells in follicle-associated epithelium of rabbit Peyer’s patch. Cell Tissue Res. (1987) 247(3):537-546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAYAKAWA E, LEE VH: Aminopeptidase activity in the jejunal and ileal Peyer’s patches of the albino rabbit. Pharm. Res.(1992) 9(4):535-540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHREEDHAR VK, KELSALL BL, NEUTRA MR: Cholera toxin induces migration of dendritic cells from the subepithelial dome region to T- and B-cell areas of Peyer’s patches. Infect. Immun. (2003) 71(1):504-509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BUDA A, SANDS C, JEPSON MA: Use of fluorescence imaging to investigate the structure and function of intestinal M cells. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. (2005) 57(1):123-134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CLARK MA, JEPSON MA, SIMMONS NL, HIRST BH: Differential surface characteristics of M cells from mouse intestinal Peyer’s and caecal patches. Histochem. J. (1994) 26(3):271-280.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LANGMAN JM, ROWLAND R: The number and distribution of lymphoid follicles in the human large intestine. J. Anat. (1986) 149:189-194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’LEARY AD, SWEENEY EC: Lymphoglandular complexes of the colon: structure and distribution. Histopathology (1986) 10(3):267-283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZHOU F, KRAEHENBUHL JP, NEUTRA MR: Mucosal IgA response to rectally administered antigen formulated in IgA-coated liposomes. Vaccine (1995) 13(7):637-644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GREWAL HM, HEMMING KARLSEN T, VETVIK H et al.: Measurement of specific IgA in faecal extracts and intestinal lavage fluid for monitoring of mucosal immune responses. J. Immunol. Methods (2000) 239(1-2):53-62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ATKINS GJ, COSBY SL: Is an improved measles-mumps-rubella vaccine necessary or feasible? Crit. Rev. Immunol. (2003) 23(4):323-338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SOYSAL A, MILLINGTON KA, BAKIR M et al.: Effect of BCG vaccination on risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children with household tuberculosis contact: a prospective community-based study. Lancet (2005) 366(9495):1443-1451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOTTON CN, HOHMANN EL: Enteric pathogens as vaccine vectors for foreign antigen delivery. Infect. Immun. (2004) 72(10):5535-5547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’HAGAN DT, SINGH M: Microparticles as vaccine adjuvants and delivery systems. Expert Rev. Vaccines (2003) 2(2):269-283.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• JAIN RA: The manufacturing techniques of various drug loaded biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) devices. Biomaterials (2000) 21(23):2475-2490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JOHNSON OL, CLELAND JL, LEE HJ et al.: A month-long effect from a single injection of microencapsulated human growth hormone. Nat. Med. (1996) 2(7):795-799.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GUPTA RK, SINGH M, O’HAGAN DT: Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles for the development of single-dose controlled-release vaccines. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. (1998) 32(3):225-246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ELDRIDGE JH, STAAS JK, MEULBROEK JA, TICE TR, GILLEY RM: Biodegradable and biocompatible poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres as an adjuvant for staphylococcal enterotoxin B toxoid which enhances the level of toxin-neutralizing antibodies. Infect. Immun. (1991) 59(9):2978-2986.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHALLACOMBE SJ, RAHMAN D, JEFFERY H, DAVIS SS, O’HAGAN DT: Enhanced secretory IgA and systemic IgG antibody responses after oral immunization with biodegradable microparticles containing antigen. Immunology (1992) 76(1):164-168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHALLACOMBE SJ, RAHMAN D, O’HAGAN DT: Salivary, gut, vaginal and nasal antibody responses after oral immunization with biodegradable microparticles. Vaccine (1997) 15(2):169-175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MALOY KJ, DONACHIE AM, O’HAGAN DT, MOWAT AM: Induction of mucosal and systemic immune responses by immunization with ovalbumin entrapped in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles. Immunology (1994) 81(4):661-667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TABATA Y, INOUE Y, IKADA Y: Size effect on systemic and mucosal immune responses induced by oral administration of biodegradable microspheres. Vaccine (1996) 14(17-18):1677-1685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JONES DH, MCBRIDE BW, THORNTON C et al.: Orally administered microencapsulated Bordetella pertussis fimbriae protect mice from B. pertussis respiratory infection. Infect. Immun. (1996) 64(2):489-494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ALLAOUI-ATTARKI K, PECQUET S, FATTAL E et al.: Protective immunity against Salmonella typhimurium elicited in mice by oral vaccination with phosphorylcholine encapsulated in poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres. Infect. Immun. (1997) 65(3):853-857.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOLDOVEANU Z, NOVAK M, HUANG WQ et al.: Oral immunization with influenza virus in biodegradable microspheres. J. Infect. Dis. (1993) 167(1):84-90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MARX PA, COMPANS RW, GETTIE A et al.: Protection against vaginal SIV transmission with microencapsulated vaccine. Science (1993) 260(5112):1323-1327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TSENG J, KOMISAR JL, TROUT RN et al.: Humoral immunity to aerosolized staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), a superantigen, in monkeys vaccinated with SEB toxoid-containing microspheres. Infect. Immun. (1995) 63(8):2880-2885.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’HAGAN D T, RAPPUOLI R: Novel approaches to pediatric vaccine delivery. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. (2006) 58(1):29-51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DELGADO A, LAVELLE EC, HARTSHORNE M, DAVIS SS: PLG microparticles stabilised using enteric coating polymers as oral vaccine delivery systems. Vaccine (1999) 17(22):2927-2938.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAKAHATA H, LAVELLE EC, COOMBES AG, DAVIS SS: The distribution of protein associated with poly(dl-lactide co-glycolide) microparticles and its degradation in simulated body fluids. J. Control. Release (1998) 50(1-3):237-246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OFFIT PA, KHOURY CA, MOSER CA et al.: Enhancement of rotavirus immunogenicity by microencapsulation. Virology (1994) 203(1):134-143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KHOURY CA, MOSER CA, SPEAKER TJ, OFFIT PA: Oral inoculation of mice with low doses of microencapsulated, noninfectious rotavirus induces virus-specific antibodies in gut-associated lymphoid tissue. J. Infect. Dis. (1995) 172(3):870-874.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PERIWAL SB, SPEAKER TJ, CEBRA JJ: Orally administered microencapsulated reovirus can bypass suckled, neutralizing maternal antibody that inhibits active immunization of neonates. J. Virol. (1997) 71(4):2844-2850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STERTMAN L, STRINDELIUS L, SJOHOLM I: Starch microparticles as an adjuvant in immunisation: effect of route of administration on the immune response in mice. Vaccine (2004) 22(21-22):2863-2872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MURILLO M, GONI MM, IRACHE JM et al.: Modulation of the cellular immune response after oral or subcutaneous immunization with microparticles containing Brucella ovis antigens. J. Control. Release (2002) 85(1-3):237-246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KIDANE A, GUIMOND P, JU TR et al.: The efficacy of oral vaccination of mice with alginate encapsulated outer membrane proteins of Pasteurella haemolytica and One-Shot. Vaccine (2001) 19(17-19):2637-2646.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SEONG SY, CHO NH, KWON IC, JEONG SY: Protective immunity of microsphere-based mucosal vaccines against lethal intranasal challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect. Immun. (1999) 67(7):3587-3592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KUNISAWA J, OKUDAIRA A, TSUTUSMI Y et al.: Characterization of mucoadhesive microspheres for the induction of mucosal and systemic immune responses. Vaccine (2000) 19(4-5):589-594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MATHIOWITZ E, JACOB JS, JONG YS et al.: Biologically erodable microspheres as potential oral drug delivery systems. Nature (1997) 386(6623):410-414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KLIPSTEIN FA, ENGERT RF, SHERMAN WT: Peroral immunization of rats with Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin delivered by microspheres. Infect. Immun. (1983) 39(2):1000-1003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JAIN SL, BARONE KS, FLANAGAN MP, MICHAEL JG: Activation patterns of murine B cells after oral administration of an encapsulated soluble antigen. Vaccine (1996) 14(13):1291-1297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VOGEL K, KANTOR J, WOOD L, RIVERA R, SCHLOM J: Oral immunization with enterocoated microbeads induces antigen-specific cytolytic T-cell responses. Cell Immunol. (1998) 190(1):61-67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FLANAGAN MP, MICHAEL JG: Oral immunization with a streptococcal pneumoniae polysaccharide conjugate vaccine in enterocoated microparticles induces serum antibodies against type specific polysaccharides. Vaccine (1999) 17(1):72-81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAVELLE EC: Targeted delivery of drugs to the gastrointestinal tract. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst. (2001) 18(4):341-386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAVIS SS, HARDY JG, FARA JW: Transit of pharmaceutical dosage forms through the small intestine. Gut (1986) 27(8):886-892.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HUANG Y, LEOBANDUNG W, FOSS A, PEPPAS NA: Molecular aspects of muco- and bioadhesion: tethered structures and site-specific surfaces. J. Control. Release (2000) 65(1-2):63-71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BERNKOP-SCHNURCH A, SCHWARZ V, STEININGER S: Polymers with thiol groups: a new generation of mucoadhesive polymers? Pharm. Res. (1999) 16(6):876-881.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAVIS SS, ILLUM L: Absorption enhancers for nasal drug delivery. Clin. Pharmacokinet. (2003) 42(13):1107-1128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN DER LUBBEN IM, KONINGS FA, BORCHARD G, VERHOEF JC, JUNGINGER HE: In vivo uptake of chitosan microparticles by murine Peyer’s patches: visualization studies using confocal laser scanning microscopy and immunohistochemistry. J. Drug Target. (2001) 9(1):39-47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN DER LUBBEN IM, KERSTEN G, FRETZ MM et al.: Chitosan microparticles for mucosal vaccination against diphtheria: oral and nasal efficacy studies in mice. Vaccine (2003) 21(13-14):1400-1408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JAIN S, SHARMA RK, VYAS SP: Chitosan nanoparticles encapsulated vesicular systems for oral immunization: preparation, in-vitro and in-vivo characterization. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. (2006) 58(3):303-310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HORI M, ONISHI H, MACHIDA Y: Evaluation of Eudragit-coated chitosan microparticles as an oral immune delivery system. Int. J. Pharm. (2005) 297(1-2):223-234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRONDSTED H, KOPECEK J: Hydrogels for site-specific drug delivery to the colon: in vitro and in vivo degradation. Pharm. Res. (1992) 9(12):1540-1545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FELNEROVA D, VIRET JF, GLUCK R, MOSER C: Liposomes and virosomes as delivery systems for antigens, nucleic acids and drugs. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. (2004) 15(6):518-529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHILDERS NK, DENYS FR, MCGEE NF, MICHALEK SM: Ultrastructural study of liposome uptake by M cells of rat Peyer’s patch: an oral vaccine system for delivery of purified antigen. Reg. Immunol. (1990) 3(1):8-16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CHEN H, TORCHILIN V, LANGER R: Lectin-bearing polymerized liposomes as potential oral vaccine carriers. Pharm. Res. (1996) 13(9):1378-1383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MANNINO RJ, CANKI M, FEKETEOVA E et al.: Targeting immune response induction with cochleate and liposome-based vaccines. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. (1998) 32(3):273-287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOREIN B, HU KF, ABUSUGRA I: Current status and potential application of ISCOMs in veterinary medicine. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. (2004) 56(10):1367-1382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOYAKA PN, MARINARO M, JACKSON RJ et al.: Oral QS-21 requires early IL-4 help for induction of mucosal and systemic immunity. J. Immunol. (2001) 166(4):2283-2290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MALOY KJ, DONACHIE AM, MOWAT AM: Induction of TH1 and TH2 CD4+ T cell responses by oral or parenteral immunization with ISCOMS. Eur. J. Immunol. (1995) 25(10):2835-2841.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GHAZI HO, POTTER CW, SMITH TL, JENNINGS R: Comparative antibody responses and protection in mice immunised by oral or parenteral routes with influenza virus subunit antigens in aqueous form or incorporated into ISCOMs. J. Med. Microbiol. (1995) 42(1):53-61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LYCKE N: From toxin to adjuvant: the rational design of a vaccine adjuvant vector, CTA1-DD/ISCOM. Cell Microbiol. (2004) 6(1):23-32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DONNELLY JJ, WAHREN B, LIU MA: DNA vaccines: progress and challenges. J. Immunol. (2005) 175(2):633-639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHEN SC, JONES DH, FYNAN EF et al.: Protective immunity induced by oral immunization with a rotavirus DNA vaccine encapsulated in microparticles. J. Virol. (1998) 72(7):5757-5761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HERRMANN JE, CHEN SC, JONES DH et al.: Immune responses and protection obtained by oral immunization with rotavirus VP4 and VP7 DNA vaccines encapsulated in microparticles. Virology (1999) 259(1):148-153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KANEKO H, BEDNAREK I, WIERZBICKI A et al.: Oral DNA vaccination promotes mucosal and systemic immune responses to HIV envelope glycoprotein. Virology (2000) 267(1):8-16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HE XW, WANG F, JIANG L et al.: Induction of mucosal and systemic immune response by single-dose oral immunization with biodegradable microparticles containing DNA encoding HBsAg. J. Gen. Virol. (2005) 86(Pt 3):601-610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOLLENKOPF HJ, DIETRICH G, FENSTERLE J et al.: Enhanced protective efficacy of a tuberculosis DNA vaccine by adsorption onto cationic PLG microparticles. Vaccine (2004) 22(21-22):2690-2695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• THIELE L, MERKLE HP, WALTER E: Phagocytosis and phagosomal fate of surface-modified microparticles in dendritic cells and macrophages. Pharm. Res. (2003) 20(2):221-228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KAI E, OCHIYA T: A method for oral DNA delivery with N-acetylated chitosan. Pharm. Res. (2004) 21(5):838-843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN DUIN D, MEDZHITOV R, SHAW AC: Triggering TLR signaling in vaccination. Trends Immunol. (2006) 27(1):49-55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCCLUSKIE MJ, DAVIS HL: Oral, intrarectal and intranasal immunizations using CpG and non-CpG oligodeoxynucleotides as adjuvants. Vaccine (2000) 19(4-5):413-422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WANG D, KANDIMALLA ER, YU D, TANG JX, AGRAWAL S: Oral administration of second-generation immunomodulatory oligonucleotides induces mucosal TH1 immune responses and adjuvant activity. Vaccine (2005) 23(20):2614-2622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PEPPOLONI S, RUGGIERO P, CONTORNI M et al.: Mutants of the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin as safe and strong adjuvants for intranasal delivery of vaccines. Expert Rev. Vaccines (2003) 2(2):285-293.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BOWEN JC, NAIR SK, REDDY R, ROUSE BT: Cholera toxin acts as a potent adjuvant for the induction of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses with non-replicating antigens. Immunology (1994) 81(3):338-342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DOUCE G, GIANNELLI V, PIZZA M et al.: Genetically detoxified mutants of heat-labile toxin from Escherichia coli are able to act as oral adjuvants. Infect. Immun. (1999) 67(9):4400-4406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN GINKEL FW, JACKSON RJ, YOSHINO N et al.: Enterotoxin-based mucosal adjuvants alter antigen trafficking and induce inflammatory responses in the nasal tract. Infect. Immun. (2005) 73(10):6892-6902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ERIKSSON AM, SCHON KM, LYCKE NY: The cholera toxin-derived CTA1-DD vaccine adjuvant administered intranasally does not cause inflammation or accumulate in the nervous tissues. J. Immunol. (2004) 173(5):3310-3319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MARINARO M, FASANO A, DE MAGISTRIS MT: Zonula occludens toxin acts as an adjuvant through different mucosal routes and induces protective immune responses. Infect. Immun. (2003) 71(4):1897-1902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOLMGREN J, ADAMSSON J, ANJUERE F et al.: Mucosal adjuvants and anti-infection and anti-immunopathology vaccines based on cholera toxin, cholera toxin B subunit and CpG DNA. Immunol. Lett. (2005) 97(2):181-188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHEN X, LAGERGARD T, YANG Y et al.: Systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice after mucosal immunization with group B streptococcus type III capsular polysaccharide-cholera toxin B subunit conjugate vaccine. Infect. Immun. (2000) 68(10):5749-5755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SUN JB, RASK C, OLSSON T, HOLMGREN J, CZERKINSKY C: Treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by feeding myelin basic protein conjugated to cholera toxin B subunit. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1996) 93(14):7196-7201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PEUMANS WJ, VAN DAMME EJ: Lectins as plant defense proteins. Plant Physiol. (1995) 109(2):347-352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAVELLE EC, GRANT G, PUSZTAI A, PFULLER U, O’HAGAN DT: Mucosal immunogenicity of plant lectins in mice. Immunology (2000) 99(1):30-37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAVELLE EC, GRANT G, PFULLER U, O’HAGAN DT: Immunological implications of the use of plant lectins for drug and vaccine targeting to the gastrointestinal tract. J. Drug Target. (2004) 12(2):89-95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RUSSELL-JONES GJ: The potential use of receptor-mediated endocytosis for oral drug delivery. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. (2001) 46(1-3):59-73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FOSTER N, CLARK MA, JEPSON MA, HIRST BH: Ulex europaeus 1 lectin targets microspheres to mouse Peyer’s patch M-cells in vivo. Vaccine (1998) 16(5):536-541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HUSSAIN N, JANI PU, FLORENCE AT: Enhanced oral uptake of tomato lectin-conjugated nanoparticles in the rat. Pharm. Res. (1997) 14(5):613-618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DE AIZPURUA HJ, RUSSELL-JONES GJ: Oral vaccination. Identification of classes of proteins that provoke an immune response upon oral feeding. J. Exp. Med. (1988) 167(2):440-451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LE BOUGUENEC C: Adhesins and invasins of pathogenic Escherichia coli. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. (2005) 295(6-7):471-478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ISBERG RR: Discrimination between intracellular uptake and surface adhesion of bacterial pathogens. Science (1991) 252(5008):934-938.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FRANKEL G, CANDY DC, EVEREST P, DOUGAN G: Characterization of the C-terminal domains of intimin-like proteins of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, and Hafnia alvei. Infect. Immun. (1994) 62(5):1835-1842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HUSSAIN N, FLORENCE AT: Utilizing bacterial mechanisms of epithelial cell entry: invasin-induced oral uptake of latex nanoparticles. Pharm. Res. (1998) 15(1):153-156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RUBAS W, BANERJEA AC, GALLATI H, SPEISER PP, JOKLIK WK: Incorporation of the reovirus M cell attachment protein into small unilamellar vesicles: incorporation efficiency and binding capability to L929 cells in vitro. J. Microencapsul. (1990) 7(3):385-395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OSUNA A, RODRIGUEZ-CABEZAS MN, CASTANYS S, MESA-VALLE MC, MASCARO MC: A protein secreted by Trypanosoma cruzi capable of inducing the entry of inert particles into HeLa cells. Int. J. Parasitol. (1995) 25(10):1213-1225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YAMAZAKI N, KOJIMA S, BOVIN NV et al.: Endogenous lectins as targets for drug delivery. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. (2000) 43(2-3):225-244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WALMSLEY AM, ARNTZEN CJ: Plant cell factories and mucosal vaccines. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. (2003) 14(2):145-150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• THANAVALA Y, MAHONEY M, PAL S et al.: Immunogenicity in humans of an edible vaccine for hepatitis B. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2005) 102(9):3378-3382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BERZOFSKY JA, AHLERS JD, JANIK J et al.: Progress on new vaccine strategies against chronic viral infections. J. Clin. Invest. (2004) 114(4):450-462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCDEVITT H: Specific antigen vaccination to treat autoimmune disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2004) 101(Suppl. 2):14627-14630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MARCHETTI M, ROSSI M, GIANNELLI V et al.: Protection against Helicobacter pylori infection in mice by intragastric vaccination with H. pylori antigens is achieved using a non-toxic mutant of E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) as adjuvant. Vaccine (1998) 16(1):33-37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN GINKEL FW, NGUYEN HH, MCGHEE JR: Vaccines for mucosal immunity to combat emerging infectious diseases. Emerg. Infect. Dis. (2000) 6(2):123-132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAPPUOLI R, PIZZA M, DOUCE G, DOUGAN G: Structure and mucosal adjuvanticity of cholera and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxins. Immunol. Today (1999) 20(11):493-500.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar