Bibliography
- Glare P, Lickiss JN. Unrecognized constipation in patients with advanced cancer: a recipe for therapeutic disaster. J Pain Symptom Manage 1992;7(6):369-71
- Kurz A, Sessler DI. Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction: pathophysiogy and potential new therapies. Drugs 2003;63(7):649-71
- Yuan CS. Methylnaltrexone mechanisms of action and effects on opioid bowel dysfunction and other opioid adverse effects. Ann Pharmacother 2007;41(6):984-93
- Russell J, Bass P, Goldberg LI, Antagonism of gut, but not central effects of morphine with quaternary narcotic antagonists. Eur J Pharmacol 1982;78(3):255-61
- Brown DR, Goldberg LI. The use of quaternary narcotic antagonists in opiate research. Neuropharmacology 1985;24(3):181-91
- Prescribing information for Relistor®. Available from: http://www.pfizerpro.com/content/showlabeling.asp?id=499 [Last accessed 21 October 2010]
- Relistor: EPAR Summary for the Public. European Medicines Agency, 2010. Available from: http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/medicines/human/medicines/000870/human_med_001022.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058001d124&murl=menus/medicines/medicines.jsp&jsenabled=true [Last accessed 21 October 2010]
- Slatkin N, Thomas J, Lipman AG, Methylnaltrexone for treatment of opioid-induced constipation in advanced illness patients. J Support Oncol 2009;7(1):39-46
- Thomas J, Karver S, Cooney GA, Methylnaltrexone for opioid-induced constipation in advanced illness. N Engl J Med 2008;358(22):2332-43
- Blonsky ER, Michna E, Schulman S, Subcutaneous methylnaltrexone for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation in patients with chronic, non-malignant pain. J Pain 2009;10:S52
- Study evaluating long-term safety of MOA-728 In subjects with opioid-induced constipation. Available from: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00804141?term=methylnaltrexone&id=3358&rank=1 [Last accessed 8 October 2010]
- Foss JF, O'Connor MF, Yuan CS, Safety and tolerance of methylnaltrexone in healthy humans: a randomized, placebo-controlled, intravenous, ascending-dose, pharmacokinetic study. J Clin Pharmacol 1997;37(1):25-30
- Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics Review(s) [Methyl-Naltrexone]. FDA/Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, 2008. Available from: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2008/021964s000_ClinPharmR.pdf [Last accessed 21 October 2010]
- Yuan CS, Doshan H, Charney MR, Tolerability, gut effects, and pharmacokinetics of methylnaltrexone following repeated intravenous administration in humans. J Clin Pharmacol 2005;45(5):538-46
- Misra AL, Pontani RB, Vadlamani NL. Intravenous kinetics and metabolism of [15,16-3H]naltrexonium methiodide in the rat. J Pharm Pharmacol 1987;39(3):225-7
- Kim C, Cheng R, Corrigall WA, Coen KM. Assay for methylnaltrexone in rat brain regions and serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with coulometric electrochemical detection. Chromatographia 1989;28(7/8):359-63
- Chandrasekaran A, Tong Z, Li H, Metabolism of intravenous methylnaltrexone in mice, rats, dogs, and humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2010;38(4):606-16
- Kotake AN, Kuwahara SK, Burton E, Variations in demethylation of N-methylnaltrexone in mice, rats, dogs, and humans. Xenobiotica 1989;19(11):1247-54
- Yuan CS, Foss JF, Osinski J, The safety and efficacy of oral methylnaltrexone in preventing morphine-induced delay in oral-cecal cit time. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1997;61(4):467-75
- Yuan CS, Foss JF. Oral methylnaltrexone for opioid-induced constipation. JAMA 2000;284(11):1383-4
- Foss JF. A review of the potential role of methylnaltrexone in opioid bowel dysfunction. Am J Surg 2001;182(5A):19S-26S
- Tong Z, Chandrasekaran A, Li H, In vitro metabolism and identification of human enzymes involved in the metabolism of methylnaltrexone. Drug Metab Dispos 2010;38(5):801-7