808
Views
24
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Cytochrome P450-mediated cardiovascular drug interactions

(Professor)
Pages 1065-1082 | Published online: 02 Aug 2011

Bibliography

  • Opie LH. Interactions with cardiovascular drugs. Curr Probl Cardiol 1993;7(9):531-81
  • Opie LH. Adverse cardiovascular drug interactions. Curr Probl Cardiol 2000;25(9):621-76
  • Anderson JR, Nawarskas JJ. Cardiovascular drug-drug interactions. Cardiol Clin 2001;19(2):215-34. v
  • Page RL II, Miller GG, Lindenfeld J. Drug therapy in the heart transplant recipient: part IV: drug-drug interactions. Circulation 2005;111(2):230-9
  • Prybys KM. Deadly drug interactions in emergency medicine. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2004;22(4):845-63
  • Cheng JW, Frishman WH, Aronow WS. Updates on cytochrome P450-mediated cardiovascular drug interactions. Am J Ther 2009;16(2):155-63
  • Brown CS, Farmer RG, Soberman JE, Eichner SF. Pharmacokinetic factors in the adverse cardiovascular effects of antipsychotic drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet 2004;43(1):33-56
  • Lynch T, Price A. The effect of cytochrome P450 metabolism on drug response, interactions, and adverse effects. Am Fam Physician 2007;76(3):391-6
  • Lin JH, Lu AY. Inhibition and induction of cytochrome P450 and the clinical implications. Clin Pharmacokinet 1998;35(5):361-90
  • Zhou SF, Xue CC, Yu XQ, Clinically important drug interactions potentially involving mechanism-based inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 and the role of therapeutic drug monitoring. Ther Drug Monit 2007;29(6):687-710
  • van Noord C, Eijgelsheim M, Stricker BH. Drug- and non-drug-associated QT interval prolongation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2010;70(1):16-23
  • Dresser GK, Spence JD, Bailey DG. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic consequences and clinical relevance of cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition. Clin Pharmacokinet 2000;38(1):41-57
  • Zhou S, Yung Chan S, Cher Goh B, Mechanism-based inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 by therapeutic drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet 2005;44(3):279-304
  • Zhou SF. Drugs behave as substrates, inhibitors and inducers of human cytochrome P450 3A4. Curr Drug Metab 2008;9(4):310-22
  • Polasek TM, Lin FP, Miners JO, Doogue MP. Perpetrators of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions arising from altered cytochrome P450 activity: a criteria-based assessment. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2011;71(5):727-36
  • Di YM, Li CG, Xue CC, Zhou SF. Clinical drugs that interact with St. John's wort and implication in drug development. Curr Pharm Des 2008;14(17):1723-42
  • Izzo AA, Ernst E. Interactions between herbal medicines and prescribed drugs: an updated systematic review. Drugs 2009;69(13):1777-98
  • Lim GE, Li T, Buttar HS. Interactions of grapefruit juice and cardiovascular medications: a potential risk of toxicity. Exp Clin Cardiol 2003;8(2):99-107
  • Bailey DG, Dresser GK. Interactions between grapefruit juice and cardiovascular drugs. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2004;4(5):281-97
  • Magnani B, Malini PL. Cardiac glycosides. Drug interactions of clinical significance. Drug Saf 1995;12(2):97-109
  • Lee CA, Cook JA, Reyner EL, Smith DA. P-glycoprotein related drug interactions: clinical importance and a consideration of disease states. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010;6(5):603-19
  • Ufer M. Comparative pharmacokinetics of vitamin K antagonists: warfarin, phenprocoumon and acenocoumarol. Clin Pharmacokinet 2005;44(12):1227-46
  • Wells PS, Holbrook AM, Crowther NR, Hirsh J. Interactions of warfarin with drugs and food. Ann Intern Med 1994;121(9):676-83
  • Holbrook AM, Pereira JA, Labiris R, Systematic overview of warfarin and its drug and food interactions. Arch Intern Med 2005;165(10):1095-106
  • Harder S, Thurmann P. Clinically important drug interactions with anticoagulants. An update. Clin Pharmacokinet 1996;30(6):416-44
  • Andrus MR. Oral anticoagulant drug interactions with statins: case report of fluvastatin and review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy 2004;24(2):285-90
  • Wittkowsky AK. Warfarin and other coumarin derivatives: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug interactions. Semin Vasc Med 2003;3(3):221-30
  • Gasse C, Hollowell J, Meier CR, Haefeli WE. Drug interactions and risk of acute bleeding leading to hospitalisation or death in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation treated with warfarin. Thromb Haemost 2005;94(3):537-43
  • Hauta-Aho M, Tirkkonen T, Vahlberg T, Laine K. The effect of drug interactions on bleeding risk associated with warfarin therapy in hospitalized patients. Ann Med 2009;41(8):619-28
  • Takahashi H, Echizen H. Pharmacogenetics of warfarin elimination and its clinical implications. Clin Pharmacokinet 2001;40(8):587-603
  • Kerr HD. Case report: potentiation of warfarin by fluconazole. Am J Med Sci 1993;305(3):164-5
  • Yeh J, Soo SC, Summerton C, Richardson C. Potentiation of action of warfarin by itraconazole. BMJ 1990;301(6753):669
  • Smith AG. Potentiation of oral anticoagulants by ketoconazole. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984;288(6412):188-9
  • Bachmann K, Schwartz JI, Forney R Jr, The effect of erythromycin on the disposition kinetics of warfarin. Pharmacology 1984;28(3):171-6
  • Recker MW, Kier KL. Potential interaction between clarithromycin and warfarin. Ann Pharmacother 1997;31(9):996-8
  • Rao KB, Pallaki M, Tolbert SR, Hornick TR. Enhanced hypoprothrombinemia with warfarin due to azithromycin. Ann Pharmacother 2004;38(6):982-5
  • Carroll DN, Carroll DG. Interactions between warfarin and three commonly prescribed fluoroquinolones. Ann Pharmacother 2008;42(5):680-5
  • Ogawa R, Echizen H. Drug-drug interaction profiles of proton pump inhibitors. Clin Pharmacokinet 2010;49(8):509-33
  • Zhou Q, Zhou S, Chan E. Effect of omeprazole on the hydroxylation of warfarin enantiomers in human: in-vitro studies with liver microsomes and cDNA-expressed cytochrome P450 isozymes. Curr Drug Metab 2005;6(5):399-411
  • Uno T, Sugimoto K, Sugawara K, Tateishi T. The role of cytochrome P2C19 in R-warfarin pharmacokinetics and its interaction with omeprazole. Ther Drug Monit 2008;30(3):276-81
  • Beinema M, Brouwers JR, Schalekamp T, Wilffert B. Pharmacogenetic differences between warfarin, acenocoumarol and phenprocoumon. Thromb Haemost 2008;100(6):1052-7
  • Muszkat M, Blotnik S, Elami A, Warfarin metabolism and anticoagulant effect: a prospective, observational study of the impact of CYP2C9 genetic polymorphism in the presence of drug-disease and drug-drug interactions. Clin Ther 2007;29(3):427-37
  • Heimark LD, Wienkers L, Kunze K, The mechanism of the interaction between amiodarone and warfarin in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992;51(4):398-407
  • Liedtke MD, Rathbun RC. Warfarin-antiretroviral interactions. Ann Pharmacother 2009;43(2):322-8
  • Fulco PP, Zingone MM, Higginson RT. Possible antiretroviral therapy-warfarin drug interaction. Pharmacotherapy 2008;28(7):945-9
  • Rulcova A, Prokopova I, Krausova L, Stereoselective interactions of warfarin enantiomers with the pregnane X nuclear receptor in gene regulation of major drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes. J Thromb Haemost 2010;8(12):2708-17
  • Lee CJ, Badhwar G, Ansell JE. Oral IIa inhibitors. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2010;24(4):739-53. ix
  • Wang L, Zhang D, Raghavan N, In vitro assessment of metabolic drug-drug interaction potential of apixaban through cytochrome P450 phenotyping, inhibition, and induction studies. Drug Metab Dispos 2010;38(3):448-58
  • Walenga JM, Adiguzel C. Drug and dietary interactions of the new and emerging oral anticoagulants. Int J Clin Pract 2010;64(7):956-67
  • Mackenzie IS, Coughtrie MW, MacDonald TM, Wei L. Antiplatelet drug interactions. J Intern Med 2010;268(6):516-29
  • Farid NA, Kurihara A, Wrighton SA. Metabolism and disposition of the thienopyridine antiplatelet drugs ticlopidine, clopidogrel, and prasugrel in humans. J Clin Pharmacol 2010;50(2):126-42
  • Ma TK, Lam YY, Tan VP, Impact of genetic and acquired alteration in cytochrome P450 system on pharmacologic and clinical response to clopidogrel. Pharmacol Ther 2010;125(2):249-59
  • Laizure SC, Parker RB. A comparison of the metabolism of clopidogrel and prasugrel. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010;6(11):1417-24
  • Small DS, Farid NA, Payne CD, Effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prasugrel. Clin Pharmacokinet 2010;49(12):777-98
  • Zhou D, Andersson TB, Grimm SW. In vitro evaluation of potential drug-drug interactions with ticagrelor: cytochrome p450 reaction phenotyping, inhibition, induction, and differential kinetics. Drug Metab Dispos 2011;39(4):703-10
  • Lau WC, Gurbel PA. Antiplatelet drug resistance and drug-drug interactions: Role of cytochrome P450 3A4. Pharm Res 2006;23(12):2691-708
  • Hulot JS, Collet JP, Silvain J, Cardiovascular risk in clopidogrel-treated patients according to cytochrome P450 2C19*2 loss-of-function allele or proton pump inhibitor coadministration: a systematic meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56(2):134-43
  • Kazui M, Nishiya Y, Ishizuka T, Identification of the human cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the two oxidative steps in the bioactivation of clopidogrel to its pharmacologically active metabolite. Drug Metab Dispos 2010;38(1):92-9
  • Bates ER, Lau WC, Angiolillo DJ. Clopidogrel-drug interactions. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57(11):1251-63
  • Gaglia MA Jr, Waksman R. Proton pump inhibitors and clopidogrel. Cardiovasc Ther 2010;28(3):169-76
  • Liu TJ, Jackevicius CA. Drug interaction between clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors. Pharmacotherapy 2010;30(3):275-89
  • Holmes DR Jr, Dehmer GJ, Kaul S, ACCF/AHA Clopidogrel clinical alert: approaches to the FDA "boxed warning": a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents and the American Heart Association. Circulation 2010;122(5):537-57
  • Laine L, Hennekens C. Proton pump inhibitor and clopidogrel interaction: fact or fiction? Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105(1):34-41
  • Giorgi MA, Di Girolamo G, Gonzalez CD. Nonresponders to clopidogrel: pharmacokinetics and interactions involved. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010;11(14):2391-403
  • Norgard NB, Mathews KD, Wall GC. Drug-drug interaction between clopidogrel and the proton pump inhibitors. Ann Pharmacother 2009;43(7):1266-74
  • Siller-Matula JM, Lang I, Christ G, Jilma B. Calcium-channel blockers reduce the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52(19):1557-63
  • Gremmel T, Steiner S, Seidinger D, Calcium-channel blockers decrease clopidogrel-mediated platelet inhibition. Heart 2010;96(3):186-9
  • Harmsze AM, Robijns K, van Werkum JW, The use of amlodipine, but not of P-glycoprotein inhibiting calcium channel blockers is associated with clopidogrel poor-response. Thromb Haemost 2010;103(5):920-5
  • Giorgi MA, Cohen Arazi H, Gonzalez CD, Di Girolamo G. Beyond efficacy: pharmacokinetic differences between clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2011;12(8):1285-95
  • Ha HR, Follath F. Metabolism of antiarrhythmics. Curr Drug Metab 2004;5(6):543-71
  • Trujillo TC, Nolan PE. Antiarrhythmic agents: drug interactions of clinical significance. Drug Saf 2000;23(6):509-32
  • Galetin A, Ito K, Hallifax D, Houston JB. CYP3A4 substrate selection and substitution in the prediction of potential drug-drug interactions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005;314(1):180-90
  • Baciewicz AM, Baciewicz FA Jr. Effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on cardiovascular drugs. Am Heart J 1989;118(1):144-54
  • Lim KS, Cho JY, Jang IJ, Pharmacokinetic interaction of flecainide and paroxetine in relation to the CYP2D6*10 allele in healthy Korean subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008;66(5):660-6
  • Lim KS, Jang IJ, Kim BH, Changes in the QTc interval after administration of flecainide acetate, with and without coadministered paroxetine, in relation to cytochrome P450 2D6 genotype: data from an open-label, two-period, single-sequence crossover study in healthy Korean male subjects. Clin Ther 2010;32(4):659-66
  • Yamreudeewong W, DeBisschop M, Martin LG, Lower DL. Potentially significant drug interactions of class III antiarrhythmic drugs. Drug Saf 2003;26(6):421-38
  • Lai XS, Yang LP, Li XT, Human CYP2C8: structure, substrate specificity, inhibitor selectivity, inducers and polymorphisms. Curr Drug Metab 2009;10(9):1009-47
  • Ohyama K, Nakajima M, Suzuki M, Inhibitory effects of amiodarone and its N-deethylated metabolite on human cytochrome P450 activities: prediction of in vivo drug interactions. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000;49(3):244-53
  • Fukumoto K, Kobayashi T, Tachibana K, Effect of amiodarone on the serum concentration/dose ratio of metoprolol in patients with cardiac arrhythmia. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2006;21(6):501-5
  • Dorian P. Clinical pharmacology of dronedarone: implications for the therapy of atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2010;15(4 Suppl):15S-18S
  • Damy T, Pousset F, Caplain H, Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between metoprolol and dronedarone in extensive and poor CYP2D6 metabolizers healthy subjects. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2004;18(1):113-23
  • Wehling M. Multimorbidity and polypharmacy: which betablocker to use in relation to the pharmacokinetic profile and interaction potential. Arzneimittelforschung 2010;60(2):57-63
  • Brodde OE, Kroemer HK. Drug-drug interactions of beta-adrenoceptor blockers. Arzneimittelforschung 2003;53(12):814-22
  • Lindamood C, Ortiz S, Shaw A, Effects of commonly administered agents and genetics on nebivolol pharmacokinetics: drug-drug interaction studies. J Clin Pharmacol 2011;51(4):575-85
  • Sica DA. Calcium channel blocker class heterogeneity: select aspects of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2005;7(4 Suppl 1):21-6
  • Krayenbuhl JC, Vozeh S, Kondo-Oestreicher M, Dayer P. Drug-drug interactions of new active substances: mibefradil example. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1999;55(8):559-65
  • Welker HA, Wiltshire H, Bullingham R. Clinical pharmacokinetics of mibefradil. Clin Pharmacokinet 1998;35(6):405-23
  • Katoh M, Nakajima M, Shimada N, Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 enzymes by 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium antagonists: prediction of in vivo drug-drug interactions. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2000;55(11-12):843-52
  • Nishio S, Watanabe H, Kosuge K, Interaction between amlodipine and simvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. Hypertens Res 2005;28(3):223-7
  • Glesby MJ, Aberg JA, Kendall MA, Pharmacokinetic interactions between indinavir plus ritonavir and calcium channel blockers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005;78(2):143-53
  • Wang YH, Jones DR, Hall SD. Prediction of cytochrome P450 3A inhibition by verapamil enantiomers and their metabolites. Drug Metab Dispos 2004;32(2):259-66
  • Perdaems N, Blasco H, Vinson C, Predictions of metabolic drug-drug interactions using physiologically based modelling: two cytochrome P450 3A4 substrates coadministered with ketoconazole or verapamil. Clin Pharmacokinet 2010;49(4):239-58
  • Kantola T, Kivisto KT, Neuvonen PJ. Erythromycin and verapamil considerably increase serum simvastatin and simvastatin acid concentrations. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998;64(2):177-82
  • Yeo KR, Yeo WW. Inhibitory effects of verapamil and diltiazem on simvastatin metabolism in human liver microsomes. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2001;51(5):461-70
  • Maggio TG, Bartels DW. Increased cyclosporine blood concentrations due to verapamil administration. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1988;22(9):705-7
  • Edwards DJ, Lavoie R, Beckman H, The effect of coadministration of verapamil on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of quinidine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1987;41(1):68-73
  • Wang YH, Jones DR, Hall SD. Differential mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 by verapamil. Drug Metab Dispos 2005;33(5):664-71
  • Reed M, Wall GC, Shah NP, Verapamil toxicity resulting from a probable interaction with telithromycin. Ann Pharmacother 2005;39(2):357-60
  • Fromm MF, Busse D, Kroemer HK, Eichelbaum M. Differential induction of prehepatic and hepatic metabolism of verapamil by rifampin. Hepatology 1996;24(4):796-801
  • Choi DH, Chung JH, Choi JS. Pharmacokinetic interaction between oral lovastatin and verapamil in healthy subjects: role of P-glycoprotein inhibition by lovastatin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010;66(3):285-90
  • Choi DH, Shin WG, Choi JS. Drug interaction between oral atorvastatin and verapamil in healthy subjects: effects of atorvastatin on the pharmacokinetics of verapamil and norverapamil. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2008;64(5):445-9
  • Srinivas NR. Dual drug interactions via P-glycoprotein (P-gp)/cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4) interplay: recent case study of oral atorvastatin and verapamil. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2008;64(11):1135-6
  • Azie NE, Brater DC, Becker PA, The interaction of diltiazem with lovastatin and pravastatin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998;64(4):369-77
  • Masica AL, Azie NE, Brater DC, Intravenous diltiazem and CYP3A-mediated metabolism. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000;50(3):273-6
  • Mousa O, Brater DC, Sunblad KJ, Hall SD. The interaction of diltiazem with simvastatin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000;67(3):267-74
  • Kanathur N, Mathai MG, Byrd RP Jr, Simvastatin-diltiazem drug interaction resulting in rhabdomyolysis and hepatitis. Tenn Med 2001;94(9):339-41
  • Thomas AR, Chan LN, Bauman JL, Olopade CO. Prolongation of the QT interval related to cisapride-diltiazem interaction. Pharmacotherapy 1998;18(2):381-5
  • Khoury V, Kritharides L. Diltiazem-mediated inhibition of sildenafil metabolism may promote nitrate-induced hypotension. Aust NZ J Med 2000;30(5):641-2
  • Maas R, Boger RH. Antihypertensive therapy: special focus on drug interactions. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2003;2(6):549-79
  • Flockhart DA, Tanus-Santos JE. Implications of cytochrome P450 interactions when prescribing medication for hypertension. Arch Intern Med 2002;162(4):405-12
  • Shionoiri H. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with ACE inhibitors. Clin Pharmacokinet 1993;25(1):20-58
  • Bohler S, Pittrow D, Bramlage P, Kirch W. Drug interactions with angiotensin receptor blockers. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2005;4(1):7-18
  • Marino MR, Vachharajani NN. Drug interactions with irbesartan. Clin Pharmacokinet 2001;40(8):605-14
  • Vaidyanathan S, Jarugula V, Dieterich HA, Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of aliskiren. Clin Pharmacokinet 2008;47(8):515-31
  • Vaidyanathan S, Camenisch G, Schuetz H, Pharmacokinetics of the oral direct renin inhibitor aliskiren in combination with digoxin, atorvastatin, and ketoconazole in healthy subjects: the role of P-glycoprotein in the disposition of aliskiren. J Clin Pharmacol 2008;48(11):1323-38
  • Ratz Bravo AE, Tchambaz L, Krahenbuhl-Melcher A, Prevalence of potentially severe drug-drug interactions in ambulatory patients with dyslipidaemia receiving HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor therapy. Drug Saf 2005;28(3):263-75
  • Lennernas H, Fager G. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Similarities and differences. Clin Pharmacokinet 1997;32(5):403-25
  • Rowan C, Brinker AD, Nourjah P, Rhabdomyolysis reports show interaction between simvastatin and CYP3A4 inhibitors. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2009;18(4):301-9
  • Jacobson TA. Comparative pharmacokinetic interaction profiles of pravastatin, simvastatin, and atorvastatin when coadministered with cytochrome P450 inhibitors. Am J Cardiol 2004;94(9):1140-6
  • Shitara Y, Sugiyama Y. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alterations of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors: drug-drug interactions and interindividual differences in transporter and metabolic enzyme functions. Pharmacol Ther 2006;112(1):71-105
  • Frishman WH, Horn J. Statin-drug interactions: not a class effect. Cardiol Rev 2008;16(4):205-12
  • Williams D, Feely J. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic drug interactions with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Clin Pharmacokinet 2002;41(5):343-70
  • Neuvonen PJ, Backman JT, Niemi M. Pharmacokinetic comparison of the potential over-the-counter statins simvastatin, lovastatin, fluvastatin and pravastatin. Clin Pharmacokinet 2008;47(7):463-74
  • Kostapanos MS, Milionis HJ, Elisaf MS. Rosuvastatin-associated adverse effects and drug-drug interactions in the clinical setting of dyslipidemia. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2010;10(1):11-28
  • Neuvonen PJ, Niemi M, Backman JT. Drug interactions with lipid-lowering drugs: mechanisms and clinical relevance. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2006;80(6):565-81
  • Neuvonen PJ. Drug interactions with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins): the importance of CYP enzymes, transporters and pharmacogenetics. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2010;11(3):323-32
  • Asberg A. Interactions between cyclosporine and lipid-lowering drugs: implications for organ transplant recipients. Drugs 2003;63(4):367-78
  • Tafreshi MJ, Zagnoni LG, Gentry EJ. Combination of clopidogrel and statins: a hypothetical interaction or therapeutic dilemma? Pharmacotherapy 2006;26(3):388-94
  • Wenaweser P, Windecker S, Billinger M, Effect of atorvastatin and pravastatin on platelet inhibition by aspirin and clopidogrel treatment in patients with coronary stent thrombosis. Am J Cardiol 2007;99(3):353-6
  • Wenaweser P, Eshtehardi P, Abrecht L, A randomised determination of the Effect of Fluvastatin and Atorvastatin on top of dual antiplatelet treatment on platelet aggregation after implantation of coronary drug-eluting stents. The EFA-Trial. Thromb Haemost 2010;104(3):554-62
  • Geisler T, Zurn C, Paterok M, Statins do not adversely affect post-interventional residual platelet aggregation and outcomes in patients undergoing coronary stenting treated by dual antiplatelet therapy. Eur Heart J 2008;29(13):1635-43
  • Blagojevic A, Delaney JA, Levesque LE, Investigation of an interaction between statins and clopidogrel after percutaneous coronary intervention: a cohort study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2009;18(5):362-9
  • Neubauer H, Mugge A. Thienopyridines and statins: assessing a potential drug-drug interaction. Curr Pharm Des 2006;12(10):1271-80
  • Bhindi R, Ormerod O, Newton J, Interaction between statins and clopidogrel: is there anything clinically relevant? QJM 2008;101(12):915-25
  • Lozada A, Dujovne CA. Drug interactions with fibric acids. Pharmacol Ther 1994;63(2):163-76
  • Prueksaritanont T, Richards KM, Qiu Y, Comparative effects of fibrates on drug metabolizing enzymes in human hepatocytes. Pharm Res 2005;22(1):71-8
  • Miller DB, Spence JD. Clinical pharmacokinetics of fibric acid derivatives (fibrates). Clin Pharmacokinet 1998;34(2):155-62
  • Prueksaritanont T, Tang C, Qiu Y, Effects of fibrates on metabolism of statins in human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos 2002;30(11):1280-7
  • Bergman AJ, Murphy G, Burke J, Simvastatin does not have a clinically significant pharmacokinetic interaction with fenofibrate in humans. J Clin Pharmacol 2004;44(9):1054-62
  • Davidson MH. Statin/fibrate combination in patients with metabolic syndrome or diabetes: evaluating the risks of pharmacokinetic drug interactions. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2006;5(1):145-56
  • Kim KY, Mancano MA. Fenofibrate potentiates warfarin effects. Ann Pharmacother 2003;37(2):212-15
  • Dixon DL, Williams VG. Interaction between gemfibrozil and warfarin: case report and review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy 2009;29(6):744-8
  • Wen X, Wang JS, Backman JT, Gemfibrozil is a potent inhibitor of human cytochrome P450 2C9. Drug Metab Dispos 2001;29(11):1359-61
  • Backman JT, Honkalammi J, Neuvonen M, CYP2C8 activity recovers within 96 hours after gemfibrozil dosing: estimation of CYP2C8 half-life using repaglinide as an in vivo probe. Drug Metab Dispos 2009;37(12):2359-66
  • Ogilvie BW, Zhang D, Li W, Glucuronidation converts gemfibrozil to a potent, metabolism-dependent inhibitor of CYP2C8: implications for drug-drug interactions. Drug Metab Dispos 2006;34(1):191-7
  • Wang JS, Neuvonen M, Wen X, Gemfibrozil inhibits CYP2C8-mediated cerivastatin metabolism in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos 2002;30(12):1352-6
  • Shitara Y, Hirano M, Sato H, Sugiyama Y. Gemfibrozil and its glucuronide inhibit the organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 (OATP2/OATP1B1:SLC21A6)-mediated hepatic uptake and CYP2C8-mediated metabolism of cerivastatin: analysis of the mechanism of the clinically relevant drug-drug interaction between cerivastatin and gemfibrozil. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004;311(1):228-36
  • Niemi M, Backman JT, Neuvonen M, Neuvonen PJ. Effects of gemfibrozil, itraconazole, and their combination on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of repaglinide: potentially hazardous interaction between gemfibrozil and repaglinide. Diabetologia 2003;46(3):347-51
  • Kajosaari LI, Laitila J, Neuvonen PJ, Backman JT. Metabolism of repaglinide by CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 in vitro: effect of fibrates and rifampicin. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2005;97(4):249-56
  • Niemi M, Backman JT, Juntti-Patinen L, Coadministration of gemfibrozil and itraconazole has only a minor effect on the pharmacokinetics of the CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 substrate nateglinide. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2005;60(2):208-17
  • Niemi M, Backman JT, Granfors M, Gemfibrozil considerably increases the plasma concentrations of rosiglitazone. Diabetologia 2003;46(10):1319-23
  • Papanas N, Maltezos E. Oral antidiabetic agents: anti-atherosclerotic properties beyond glucose lowering? Curr Pharm Des 2009;15(27):3179-92
  • Scheen AJ, Lefebvre PJ. Antihyperglycaemic agents. Drug interactions of clinical importance. Drug Saf 1995;12(1):32-45
  • Scheen AJ. Drug interactions of clinical importance with antihyperglycaemic agents: an update. Drug Saf 2005;28(7):601-31
  • Holstein A, Beil W. Oral antidiabetic drug metabolism: pharmacogenomics and drug interactions. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2009;5(3):225-41
  • Scheen AJ. Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin. Clin Pharmacokinet 1996;30(5):359-71
  • Scheen AJ. Drug-drug and food-drug pharmacokinetic interactions with new insulinotropic agents repaglinide and nateglinide. Clin Pharmacokinet 2007;46(2):93-108
  • Kaul S, Bolger AF, Herrington D, Thiazolidinedione drugs and cardiovascular risks: a science advisory from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation 2010;121(16):1868-77
  • Scheen AJ. Pharmacokinetic interactions with thiazolidinediones. Clin Pharmacokinet 2007;46(1):1-12
  • Rizzo M, Rizvi AA, Spinas GA, Glucose lowering and anti-atherogenic effects of incretin-based therapies: GLP-1 analogues and DPP-4-inhibitors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2009;18(10):1495-503
  • Scheen AJ. Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors (gliptins): focus on drug-drug interactions. Clin Pharmacokinet 2010;49(9):573-88
  • Dhillon S, Weber J. Saxagliptin. Drugs 2009;69(15):2103-14

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.