Cell-based in vitro models for predicting drug permeability

Bibliography

• Polli J. In vitro studies are sometimes better than conventional human pharmacokinetic in vivo studies in assessing bioequivalence of immediate-release solid oral dosage forms. AAPS J 2008;10:289-99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelkonen O, Boobis AR, Gundert-Remy U. In vitro prediction of gastrointestinal absorption and bioavailability: an experts' meeting report. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2001;57:621-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu Y, Kim S, Park K. In vitro-in vivo correlation: perspectives on model development. Int J Pharm 2011;418:142-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balimane PV, Chong S, Morrison RA. Current methodologies used for evaluation of intestinal permeability and absorption. J Pharmacol Toxicol 2000;44:301-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antunes F, Andrade F, Ferreira D, Models to predict intestinal absorption of therapeutic peptides and proteins. Curr Drug Metab; In press
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fearn RA, Hirst BH. Predicting oral drug absorption and hepatobiliary clearance: human intestinal and hepatic in vitro cell models. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2006;21:168-78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah AK, Agnihotri SA. Recent advances and novel strategies in pre-clinical formulation development: an overview. J Control Release 2011;156:281-96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balimane PV, Han YH, Chong S. Current industrial practices of assessing permeability and P-glycoprotein interaction. AAPS J 2006;8:E1-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez MN, Amidon GL. A mechanistic approach to understanding the factors affecting drug absorption: a review of fundamentals. J Clin Pharmacol 2002;42:620-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugano K, Kansy M, Artursson P, Coexistence of passive and carrier-mediated processes in drug transport. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2010;9:597-614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohets H, Annaert P, Mannens G, Strategies for absorption screening in drug discovery and development. Curr Top Med Chem 2001;1:367-83
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rubas W, Cromwell ME, Shahrokh Z, Flux measurements across Caco-2 monolayers may predict transport in human large intestinal tissue. J Pharm Sci 1996;85:165-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Artursson P, Palm K, Luthman K. Caco-2 monolayers in experimental and theoretical predictions of drug transport. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2001;46:27-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sambuy Y, De Angelis I, Ranaldi G, The caco-2 cell line as a model of the intestinal barrier: influence of cell and culture-related factors on caco-2 cell functional characteristics. Cell Biol Toxicol 2005;21:1-26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gres M-C, Julian B, Bourrie M, Correlation between oral drug absorption in humans, and apparent drug permeability in TC-7 cells, a human epithelial intestinal cell line: comparison with the parental caco-2 cell line. Pharm Res 1998;15:726-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Violante GD, Zerrouk N, Richard I, Short term caco-2/TC7 cell culture: comparison between of conventional 21-d and a commercially available 3-d system. Biol Pharm Bull 2004;27:1986-92
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dahiya R, Lesuffleur T, Kwak KS, Expression and characterization of mucins associated with the resistance to methotrexate of human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line HT29. Cancer Res 1992;52:4655-62
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lesuffleur T, Violette S, Vasile-Pandrea I, Resistance to high concentrations of methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil of differentiated HT-29 colon-cancer cells is restricted to cells of enterocytic phenotype. Int J Cancer 1998;76:383-92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behrens I, Stenberg P, Artursson P, Kissel T. Transport of lipophilic drug molecules in a new mucus-secreting cell culture model based on HT29-MTX cells. Pharm Res 2001;18:1138-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wikman-Larhed A, Artursson P. Co-cultures of human intestinal goblet (HT29-H) and absorptive (Caco-2) cells for studies of drug and peptide absorption. Eur J Pharm Sci 1995;3:171-83
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilgendorf C, Spahn-Langguth H, Regardh CG, Caco-2 versus caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultured cell lines: permeabilities via diffusion, inside- and outside-directed carrier-mediated transport. J Pharm Sci 2000;89:63-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Versantvoort CHM, Ondrewater RCA, Duizer E, Monolayers of IEC-18 cells as an in vitro model for screening the passive transcellular and paracellular transport across the intestinal barrier: comparison of active and passive transport with the human colon carcinoma caco-2 cell line. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2002;11:335-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steensma A, Noteborn HPJM, Kuiper HA. Comparison of caco-2, IEC-18 and HCEC cell lines as a model for intestinal absorption of genistein, daidzein and their glycosides. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2004;16:131-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coon S, Kekuda R, Saha P, Sundaram U. Reciprocal regulation of the primary sodium absorptive pathways in rat intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011;300:C496-505
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cho MJ, Thompson DP, Cramer CT, The Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) epithelial cell monolayer as a model cellular transport barrier. Pharm Res 1989;6:71-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avdeef A, Tam KY. How well can the caco-2/Madin-darby canine kidney models predict effective human jejunal permeability? J Med Chem 2010;53:3566-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deferme S, Annaert P, Augustijns P. In vitro screening models to assess intestinal drug absorption and metabolism. In: Kim CEaK-J, editor. Drug Absorption Studies. Springer; US: 2008
   Google Scholar
• Walter E, Janich S, Roessler BJ, HT29-MTX/Caco-2 cocultures as an in vitro model for the intestinal epithelium: in vitro-in vivo correlation with permeability data from rats and humans. J Pharm Sci 1996;85:1070-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woitiski CB, Sarmento B, Carvalho RA, Facilitated nanoscale delivery of insulin across intestinal membrane models. Int J Pharm 2011;412:123-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonte P, Nogueira T, Gehm C, Chitosan-coated solid lipid nanoparticles enhance the oral absorption of insulin. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2011;1:299-308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gullberg E, Leonard M, Karlsson J, Expression of specific markers and particle transport in a new human intestinal M-cell model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000;279:808-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo D, Tynan W, Dickerson J, Cell culture modeling of specialized tissue: identification of genes expressed specifically by follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer's patch by expression profiling of Caco-2/Raji co-cultures. Int Immunol 2004;16:91-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• des Rieux A, Fievez V, Theate I, An improved in vitro model of human intestinal follicle-associated epithelium to study nanoparticle transport by M cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2007;30:380-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerneis S, Bogdanova A, Kraehenbuhl J-P, Pringault E. Conversion by Peyer's patch lymphocytes of human enterocytes into M cells that transport bacteria. Science 1997;277:949-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• des Rieux A, Ragnarsson EG, Gullberg E, Transport of nanoparticles across an in vitro model of the human intestinal follicle associated epithelium. Eur J Pharm Sci 2005;25:455-65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadiyala I, Loo Y, Roy K, Transport of chitosan-DNA nanoparticles in human intestinal M-cell model versus normal intestinal enterocytes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010;39:103-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bazes A, Nollevaux G, Coco R, Development of a triculture based system for improved benefit/risk assessment in pharmacology and human food. BMC Proc 2011;5:P67
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Antunes F, Andrade F, Ferreira D, Sarmento B. Comparison of two triple co-culture in vitro cell models to predict intestinal absorption of peptidic drugs. submitted
   Google Scholar
• Antunes F, Andrade F, Ferreira D, Sarmento B. Comparison of two triple co-culture in vitro cell models to predict intestinal absorption of peptidic drugs. PSWC2010; New Orleans; 2010
   Google Scholar
• Lindmark T, Schipper N, Lazorova L, Absorption enhancement in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 monolayers by sodium caprate: assessment of molecular weight dependence and demonstration of transport routes. J Drug Target 1998;5:215-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dash AK, Gong Z, Miller DW, Development of a rectal nicotine delivery system for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Int J Pharm 1999;190:21-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lohikangas L, Wilen M, Einarsson M, Artursson P. Effects of a new lipid-based drug delivery system on the absorption of low molecular weight heparin (Fragmin) through monolayers of human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and after rectal administration to rabbits. Eur J Pharm Sci 1994;1:297-305
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lohikangas L, Wilen M, Einarsson M, Artursson P. Relative contribution of phosphatidylcholine and monoglyceride to absorption enhancement of low molecular weight heparin (Fragmin) by a new lipid-based drug delivery system in monolayers of human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and after rectal administration to rabbits. Eur J Pharm Sci 1994;1:307-12
   Google Scholar
• Rubas W, Cromwell ME, Shahrokh Z, Flux measurements across Caco-2 monolayers may predict transport in human large intestinal tissue. J Pharm Sci 1996;85:165-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorodeski GI. The cultured human cervical epithelium: a new model for studying paracellular transport. J Soc Gynecol Investig 1996;3:267-80
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gorodeski GI, Romero MF, Hopfer U, Human uterine cervical epithelial cells grown on permeable support–a new model for the study of differentiation. Differentiation 1994;56:107-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorodeski GI, Eckert RL, Utian WH, Cultured human ectocervical epithelial cell differentiation is regulated by the combined direct actions of sex steroids, glucocorticoids, and retinoids. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;70:1624-30
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gorodeski GI, Eckert RL, Utian WH, Rorke EA. Maintenance of in vivo-like keratin expression, sex steroid responsiveness, and estrogen receptor expression in cultured human ectocervical epithelial cells. Endocrinology 1990;126:399-406
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gorodeski GI, Merlin D, De Santis BJ, Characterization of paracellular permeability in cultured human cervical epithelium: regulation by extracellular adenosine triphosphate. J Soc Gynecol Investig 1994;1:225-33
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gorodeski GI. Estrogen increases the permeability of the cultured human cervical epithelium by modulating cell deformability. Am J Physiol 1998;275:C888-C99
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gorodeski GI, Goldfarb J. Seminal fluid factor increases the resistance of the tight junctional complex of cultured human cervical epithelium CaSki cells. Fertil Steril 1998;69:309-17
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gorodeski GI, Whittembury J. A novel fluorescence chamber for the determination of volume changes in human CaSki cell cultures attached on filters. Cell Biochem Biophys 1998;29:307-31
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gorodeski GI. Vaginal-cervical epithelial permeability decreases after menopause. Fertil Steril 2001;76:753-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorodeski GI. Aging and estrogen effects on transcervical-transvaginal epithelial permeability. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:345-51
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gorodeski GI. Estrogen modulation of epithelial permeability in cervical-vaginal cells of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Menopause 2007;14:1012-19
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gorodeski GI, Hopfer U. Regulation of the paracellular permeability of cultured human cervical epithelium by a nucleotide receptor. J Soc Gynecol Investig 1995;2:716-20
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gorodeski GI, Jin W, Hopfer U. Extracellular Ca2+ directly regulates tight junctional permeability in the human cervical cell line CaSki. Am J Physiol 1997;272:C511-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaushal G, Trombetta L, Ochs RS, Shao J. Delivery of TEM beta-lactamase by gene-transformed lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis through cervical cell monolayer. Int J Pharm 2006;313:29-35
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ayehunie S, Cannon C, Lamore S, Organotypic human vaginal-ectocervical tissue model for irritation studies of spermicides, microbicides, and feminine-care products. Toxicol In Vitro 2006;20:689-98
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ayehunie S, Cannon C, Larosa K, Development of an in vitro alternative assay method for vaginal irritation. Toxicology 2011;279:130-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdel-Motal UM, Sarkis PT, Han T, Anti-gp120 minibody gene transfer to female genital epithelial cells protects against HIV-1 virus challenge in vitro. PLoS One 2011;6:e26473
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagenaur LA, Sanders-Beer BE, Brichacek B, Prevention of vaginal SHIV transmission in macaques by a live recombinant lactobacillus. Mucosal Immunol 2011;4:648-57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fatakdawala H, Uhland SA. Hydrogen peroxide mediated transvaginal drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2011;409:121-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark MR, McCormick TJ, Doncel GF, Friend DR. Preclinical evaluation of UC781 microbicide vaginal drug delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2011;1:175-82
   Google Scholar
• Forbes B, Shah A, Martin GP, Lansley AB. The human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE14o- as a model system of the airways for studying drug transport. Int J Pharm 2003;257:161-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuchs S, Hollins AJ, Laue M, Differentiation of human alveolar epithelial cells in primary culture: morphological characterization and synthesis of caveolin-1 and surfactant protein-C. Cell Tissue Res 2003;311:31-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forbes B, Ehrhardt C. Human respiratory epithelial cell culture for drug delivery applications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2005;60:193-205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimova S, Brewster ME, Noppe M, The use of human nasal in vitro cell systems during drug discovery and development. Toxicol In Vitro 2005;19:107-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrhardt C, Kneuer C, Laue M, 16HBE14o- human bronchial epithelial cell layers express P-glycoprotein, lung resistance-related protein, and caveolin-1. Pharm Res 2003;20:545-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu Y, Chidekel A, Shaffer TH. Cultured human airway epithelial cells (calu-3): a model of human respiratory function, structure, and inflammatory responses. Crit Care Res Pract 2010;2010, Article ID 394578, 8 pages
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stentebjerg-Andersen A, Notlevsen IV, Brodin B, Nielsen CU. Calu-3 cells grown under AIC and LCC conditions: implications for dipeptide uptake and transepithelial transport of substances. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011;78:19-26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grainger CI, Greenwell LL, Lockley DJ, Culture of Calu-3 cells at the air interface provides a representative model of the airway epithelial barrier. Pharm Res 2006;23:1482-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manford F, Tronde A, Jeppsson AB, Drug permeability in 16HBE14o- airway cell layers correlates with absorption from the isolated perfused rat lung. Eur J Pharm Sci 2005;26:414-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bur M, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Huwer H, Lehr CM. A novel cell compatible impingement system to study in vitro drug absorption from dry powder aerosol formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009;72:350-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hein S, Bur M, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM. A new Pharmaceutical Aerosol Deposition Device on Cell Cultures (PADDOCC) to evaluate pulmonary drug absorption for metered dose dry powder formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011;77:132-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Zhang Q. Transport of proteins and peptides across human cultured alveolar A549 cell monolayer. Int J Pharm 2004;269:451-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lehmann AD, Daum N, Bur M, An in vitro triple cell co-culture model with primary cells mimicking the human alveolar epithelial barrier. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011;77:398-406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steimer A, Franke H, Haltner-Ukomado E, Monolayers of porcine alveolar epithelial cells in primary culture as an in vitro model for drug absorption studies. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007;66:372-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothen-Rutishauser BM, Kiama SG, Gehr P. A three-dimensional cellular model of the human respiratory tract to study the interaction with particles. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2005;32:281-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooney D, Kazantseva M, Hickey AJ. Development of a size-dependent aerosol deposition model utilising human airway epithelial cells for evaluating aerosol drug delivery. Altern Lab Anim 2004;32:581-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiegel J, Ehrhardt C, Schaefer UF, Large porous particle impingement on lung epithelial cell monolayers–toward improved particle characterization in the lung. Pharm Res 2003;20:788-96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermanns MI, Unger RE, Kehe K, Lung epithelial cell lines in coculture with human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells: development of an alveolo-capillary barrier in vitro. Lab Invest 2004;84:736-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermanns MI, Fuchs S, Bock M, Primary human coculture model of alveolo-capillary unit to study mechanisms of injury to peripheral lung. Cell Tissue Res 2009;336:91-105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chemuturi NV, Hayden P, Klausner M, Donovan MD. Comparison of human tracheal/bronchial epithelial cell culture and bovine nasal respiratory explants for nasal drug transport studies. J Pharm Sci 2005;94:1976-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agu R, MacDonald C, Cowley E, Differential expression of organic cation transporters in normal and polyps human nasal epithelium: implications for in vitro drug delivery studies. Int J Pharm 2011;406:49-54
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Agu RU, Vu Dang H, Jorissen M, Nasal absorption enhancement strategies for therapeutic peptides: an in vitro study using cultured human nasal epithelium. Int J Pharm 2002;237:179-91
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kissel T, Werner U. Nasal delivery of peptides: an in vitro cell culture model for the investigation of transport and metabolism in human nasal epithelium. J Control Release 1998;53:195-203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin H, Yoo JW, Roh HJ, Transport of anti-allergic drugs across the passage cultured human nasal epithelial cell monolayer. Eur J Pharm Sci 2005;26:203-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim DD. In vitro cellular models for nasal drug absorption studies. In: Ehrhardt C, Kim K-J, editors. Drug Absorption Studies: In Situ, In Vitro and In Silico Models. Springer; New York: 2008, p. 216-34
   Google Scholar
• Wang S, Chow MS, Zuo Z. An approach for rapid development of nasal delivery of analgesics–identification of relevant features, in vitro screening and in vivo verification. Int J Pharm 2011;420:43-50
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wengst A, Reichl S. RPMI 2650 epithelial model and three-dimensional reconstructed human nasal mucosa as in vitro models for nasal permeation studies. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2010;74:290-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enriquez-de-Salamanca A, Calder V, Gao J, Cytokine responses by conjunctival epithelial cells: an in vitro model of ocular inflammation. Cytokine 2008;44:160-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Sullivan NL, Baylor Iii AE, Montgomery PC. Development of immortalized rat conjunctival epithelial cell lines: an in vitro model to examine transepithelial antigen delivery. Exp Eye Res 2007;84:323-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuehn MH, Kim CY, Ostojic J, Retinal synthesis and deposition of complement components induced by ocular hypertension. Exp Eye Res 2006;83:620-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornof M, Toropainen E, Urtti A. Cell culture models of the ocular barriers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2005;60:207-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva S, Costa J, Pintado M, Antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy – a review. J Diabetes Metab 2010;1:111-20
   Google Scholar
• Fuente Mdl, Ravina M, Paolicelli P, Chitosan-based nanostructures: a delivery platform for ocular therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010;62:100-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gukasyan HJ, Kim K-J, Lee VHL. The conjunctival barrier in ocular drug delivery. In: Ehrhardt C, Kim KJ, editors. Drug Absorption Studies: In Situ, In Vitro and in Silico. Springer; New York: 2008. p. 307-20
   Google Scholar
• Toropainen E, Ranta V-P, Talvitie A, Culture model of human corneal epithelium for prediction of ocular drug absorption. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001;42:2942-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunda S, Hariharan S, Mandava N, Mitra AK. Barriers in ocular drug delivery. In: Barnstable JT-TaCJ, editor. Ophthalmology Research: Ocular Transporters in Ophthalmic Diseases and Drug Delivery. Human Press; Hershey: 2008, p. 399-413
   Google Scholar
• Kudela P, Koller VJ, Mayr UB, Bacterial ghosts as antigen and drug delivery system for ocular surface diseases: effective internalization of bacterial ghosts by human conjunctival epithelial cells. J Biotechnol 2011;153:167-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barar J, Asadi M, Abdolreza S. Mortazavi-Tabatabaei, Omidi Y. Ocular drug delivery; impact of in vitro cell culture models. J Ophthalmol Vision Res 2009;4:238-52
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aukunuru JV, Sunkara G, Ayalasomayajula SP, A biodegradable injectable implant sustains systemic and ocular delivery of an aldose reductase inhibitor and ameliorates biochemical changes in a galactose-fed rat model for diabetic complications. Pharm Res 2002;19:278-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luthra S, Narayanan R, Marques LEA, Evaluation of in vitro effects of Bevacizumab (Avastin) on retinal pigment epithelial, neurosensory retinal and microvascular endothelial cells. J Retin Vitreous Dis 2006;26:512-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flamand N, Marrot L, Belaidi J-P, Development of genotoxicity test procedures with Episkin®, a reconstructed human skin model: towards new tools for in vitro risk assessment of dermally applied compounds? Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2006;606:39-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaefer UF, Hansen S, Schneider M, Models for skin absorption and skin toxicity testing. In: Ehrhardt C, Kim K-J, editors. Drug Absorption Studies. Springer; US: 2008. p. 3-33
   Google Scholar
• Godin B, Touitou E. Transdermal skin delivery: predictions for humans from in vivo, ex vivo and animal models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2007;59:1152-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Netzlaff F, Lehr CM, Wertz PW, Schaefer UF. The human epidermis models EpiSkin®, SkinEthic® and EpiDerm®: an evaluation of morphology and their suitability for testing phototoxicity, irritancy, corrosivity, and substance transport. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2005;60:167-78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu T, Bailey RE, Morrall SW, Dermal penetration and metabolism of p-aminophenol and p-phenylenediamine: application of the EpiDerm™ human reconstructed epidermis model. Toxicol Lett 2009;188:119-29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabbanini S, Matera R, Beltramini C, Analysis of in vitro release through reconstructed human epidermis and synthetic membranes of multi-vitamins from cosmetic formulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010;52:461-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balimane PV, Chong S. Cell culture-based models for intestinal permeability: a critique. Drug Discov Today 2005;10:335-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar