The influence of circadian rhythms on the kinetics of drugs in humans

Bibliography

• Reinberg A, Smolensky MH. Circadian changes of drug disposition in man. Clin Pharmacokinet 1982;7(5):401-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemmer B. The clinical relevance of chronopharmacology in therapeutics. Pharmacol Res 1996;33(2):107-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore-Ede MC. Physiology of the circadian timing system: predictive versus reactive homeostasis. Am J Physiol 1986;250(5 Pt 2):R737-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konopka RJ, Benzer S. Clock mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1971;68(9):2112-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bargiello TA, Jackson FR, Young MW. Restoration of circadian behavioural rhythms by gene transfer in Drosophila. Nature 1984;312(5996):752-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antoch MP, Song EJ, Chang AM, et al. Functional identification of the mouse circadian clock gene by transgenic BAC rescue. Cell 1997;89(4):655-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turek FW, Allada R. Liver has rhythm. Hepatology 2002;35(4):743-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjarnason GA, Jordan RC, Wood PA, et al. Circadian expression of clock genes in human oral mucosa and skin: association with specific cell-cycle phases. Am J Pathol 2001;158(5):1793-801
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storch KF, Lipan O, Leykin I, et al. Extensive and divergent circadian gene expression in liver and heart. Nature 2002;417(6884):78-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemmer B, Bruguerolle B. Chronopharmacokinetics. Are they clinically relevant? Clin Pharmacokinet 1994;26(6):419-27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cajochen C, Dijk DJ, Borbely AA. Dynamics of EEG slow-wave activity and core body temperature in human sleep after exposure to bright light. Sleep 1992;15(4):337-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dijk DJ, Cajochen C, Borbely AA. Effect of a single 3-hour exposure to bright light on core body temperature and sleep in humans. Neurosci Lett 1991;121(1-2):59-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore RY, Klein DC. Visual pathways and the central neural control of a circadian rhythm in pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity. Brain Res 1974;71(1):17-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein DC, Smoot R, Weller JL, et al. Lesions of the paraventricular nucleus area of the hypothalamus disrupt the suprachiasmatic leads to spinal cord circuit in the melatonin rhythm generating system. Brain Res Bull 1983;10(5):647-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruguerolle B. Chronopharmacokinetics. Current status. Clin Pharmacokinet 1998;35(2):83-94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fagiolino P, Eiraldi R, Vazquez M. The influence of cardiovascular physiology on dose/pharmacokinetic and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships. Clin Pharmacokinet 2006;45(5):433-48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore JG, Englert E Jr. Circadian rhythm of gastric acid secretion in man. Nature 1970;226(5252):1261-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kolawole JA, Chuhwak PD, Okeniyi SO. Chronopharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in healthy human volunteers. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2002;27(3):199-202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheidel B, Lemmer B. Chronopharmacology of oral nitrates in healthy subjects. Chronobiol Int 1991;8(5):409-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakano S, Watanabe H, Nagai K, Ogawa N. Circadian stage-dependent changes in diazepam kinetics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1984;36(2):271-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemmer B, Nold G, Behne S, Kaiser R. Chronopharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects of nifedipine. Chronobiol Int 1991;8(6):485-94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamali F, Fry JR, Bell GD. Temporal variations in paracetamol absorption and metabolism in man. Xenobiotica 1987;17(5):635-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller FO, Van Dyk M, Hundt HK, et al. Pharmacokinetics of temazepam after day-time and night-time oral administration. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1987;33(2):211-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakano S, Hollister LE. Chronopharmacology of amitriptyline. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1983;33(4):453-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemmer B, Nold G. Circadian changes in estimated hepatic blood flow in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991;32(5):627-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goo RH, Moore JG, Greenberg E, Alazraki NP. Circadian variation in gastric emptying of meals in humans. Gastroenterology 1987;93(3):515-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaminsky LS, Zhang QY. The small intestine as a xenobiotic-metabolizing organ. Drug Metab Dispos 2003;31(12):1520-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbs MA, Hosea NA. Factors affecting the clinical development of cytochrome p450 3A substrates. Clin Pharmacokinet 2003;42(11):969-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baraldo M, Risaliti A, Bresadola F, et al. Circadian variations in cyclosporine C2 concentrations during the first 2 weeks after liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2003;35(4):1449-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mustofa M, Suryawati S, Dwiprahasto I, Santoso B. The relative bioavailability of diclofenac with respect to time of administration. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991;32(2):246-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Mey C, Meineke I. Prandial and diurnal effects on the absorption of orally administered enteric coated 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). Br J Clin Pharmacol 1992;33(2):179-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clench J, Reinberg A, Dziewanowska Z, Ghata J, Smolensky M. Circadian changes in the bioavailability and effects of indomethacin in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1981;20(5):359-69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ollagnier M, Decousus H, Cherrah Y, et al. Circadian changes in the pharmacokinetics of oral ketoprofen. Clin Pharmacokinet 1987;12(5):367-78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesko LJ, Brousseau D, Canada AT, Eastwood G. Temporal variations in trough serum theophylline concentrations at steady state. J Pharm Sci 1980;69(3):358-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor DR, Duffin D, Kinney CD, Mcdevitt DG. Investigation of diurnal changes in the disposition of theophylline. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1983;16(4):413-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benowitz NL, Jacob P III, Olsson P, Johansson CJ. Intravenous nicotine retards transdermal absorption of nicotine: evidence of blood flow – limited percutaneous absorption. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992;52(3):223-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruguerolle B, Giaufre E, Prat M. Temporal variations in transcutaneous passage of drugs: the example of lidocaine in children and in rats. Chronobiol Int 1991;8(4):277-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinberg AE, Soudant E, Koulbanis C, et al. Circadian dosing time dependency in the forearm skin penetration of methyl and hexyl nicotinate. Life Sci 1995;57(16):1507-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohdo S, Grass GM, Lee VH. Improving the ocular to systemic ratio of topical timolol by varying the dosing time. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1991;32(10):2790-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eichler HG, Muller M. Drug distribution. The forgotten relative in clinical pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacokinet 1998;34(2):95-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Couteur DG, Mclean AJ. The aging liver. Drug clearance and an oxygen diffusion barrier hypothesis. Clin Pharmacokinet 1998;34(5):359-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruguerolle B. Recent data in chronopharmacokinetics. Pathol Biol (Paris) 1987;35(6):925-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baraldo M. Chronopharmacology and clinical pharmacology implication. In: Trends in Chronobiology Research. Columbus F, editor. Nova Science Publisher, Inc., New York; 2006. p. 105-23
   Google Scholar
• Angeli A, Frajria R, De Paoli R, Fonzo D, Ceresa F. Diurnal variation of prednisolone binding to serum corticosteroid-binding globulin in man. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1978;23(1):47-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desai VG, Moland CL, Branham WS, et al. Changes in expression level of genes as a function of time of day in the liver of rats. Mutat Res 2004;549(1-2):115-29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohdo S. Chronopharmacology focused on biological clock. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2007;22(1):3-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson AJ, Castanon-Cervantes O, Stephan FK. Daily oscillations in liver function: diurnal vs circadian rhythmicity. Liver Int 2004;24(3):179-86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohno M, Yamaguchi I, Ito T, et al. Circadian variation of the urinary 6beta-hydroxycortisol to cortisol ratio that would reflect hepatic CYP3A activity. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2000;55(11-12):861-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gries JM, Benowitz N, Verotta D. Chronopharmacokinetics of nicotine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996;60(4):385-95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petit E, Milano G, Levì F, et al. Circadian rhythm-varying plasma concentration of 5-fluorouracil during a five-day continuous venous infusion at a constant rate in cancer patients. Cancer Res 1988;48(6):1676-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cambar J, Cal J, Tranchot J. Renal excretion: rhythms in physiology and pathology. In: Biological Rhythms in Clinical and Laboratory Medicine. Touitou Y, Haus E, editors. Springer-Verlag, Paris; 1992. p. 470-82
   Google Scholar
• Dettli L, Spring P. Daily variations in the elimination speed of the sulfanilamide derivative sulfasymazine. Helv Med Acta Suppl 1966;46:134
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lemmer B, Scheidel B, Behne S. Chronopharmacokinetics and chronopharmacodynamics of cardiovascular active drugs. Propranolol, organic nitrates, nifedipine. Ann NY Acad Sci 1991;618:166-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koopman MG, Koomen GC, Krediet RT, et al. Circadian rhythm of glomerular filtration rate in normal individuals. Clin Sci (Lond) 1989;77(1):105-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bleyzac N, Allard-Latour B, Laffont A, et al. Diurnal changes in the pharmacokinetic behavior of amikacin. Ther Drug Monit 2000;22(3):307-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voogel AJ, Koopman MG, Hart AA, Van Montfrans GA, Arisz L. Circadian rhythms in systemic hemodynamics and renal function in healthy subjects and patients with nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Int 2001;59(5):1873-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levi F. From circadian rhythms to cancer chronotherapeutics. Chronobiol Int 2002;19(1):1-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milano G, Chamorey AL. Clinical pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil with consideration of chronopharmacokinetics. Chronobiol Int 2002;19(1):177-89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diasio RB, Harris BE. Clinical pharmacology of 5-fluorouracil. Clin Pharmacokinet 1989;16(4):215-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mcleod HL, Sludden J, Hardy SC, et al. Autoregulation of 5-fluorouracil metabolism. Eur J Cancer 1998;34(10):1623-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris BE, Song R, Soong SJ, Diasio RB. Relationship between dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity and plasma 5-fluorouracil levels with evidence for circadian variation of enzyme activity and plasma drug levels in cancer patients receiving 5-fluorouracil by protracted continuous infusion. Cancer Res 1990;50(1):197-201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris BE, Song RL, He YJ, Soong SJ, Diasio RB. Circadian rhythm of rat liver dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase. Possible relevance to fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy. Biochem Pharmacol 1988;37(24):4759-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levi FA, Zidani R, Vannetzel JM, et al. Chronomodulated versus fixed-infusion-rate delivery of ambulatory chemotherapy with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and folinic acid (leucovorin) in patients with colorectal cancer metastases: a randomized multi-institutional trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994;86(21):1608-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canal P, Sqall A, De Forni M, et al. Chronopharmacokinetics of doxorubicin in patients with breast cancer. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1991;40(3):287-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koren G, Ferrazzini G, Sohl H, et al. Chronopharmacology of methotrexate pharmacokinetics in childhood leukemia. Chronobiol Int 1992;9(6):434-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivard GE, Infante-Rivard C, Hoyoux C, Champagne J. Maintenance chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: better in the evening. Lancet 1985;2(8467):1264-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi M, Wood PA, Hrushesky WJ. Circadian chemotherapy for gynecological and genitourinary cancers. Chronobiol Int 2002;19(1):237-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu A, Granneman GR, Witt G, et al. Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of ritonavir in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997;41(5):898-905
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cato A III, Cao G, Hsu A, et al. Evaluation of the effect of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of ritonavir. Drug Metab Dispos 1997;25(9):1104-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouellet D, Hsu A, Granneman GR, et al. Pharmacokinetic interaction between ritonavir and clarithromycin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998;64(4):355-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capparelli EGF, William I. Nelfinavir population pharmacokinetics (PK) in long-term suppressor compared with the PK of the new 625 mg formulation in healthy volunteers. Clin Phamacol Ther 2003;75:P32
   Google Scholar
• Van Heeswijk RP, Bourbeau M, Seguin I, et al. Absence of circadian variation in the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir given as a once daily dosing regimen in HIV-1-infected patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2005;59(4):398-404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avachat MK, Rambhau D, Rao VV, Rao BR, Rao JV. Chronopharmacokinetics of rifampicin. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1992;36(4):251-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sarveshwer V, Rambhau D, Ramesh B, Srinivasu P. Circadian variation in urinary excretion of ciprofloxacin after a single-dose oral administration at 1000 and 2200 hours in human subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemoter 1997;41(8):1802-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumagai Y. Strategies against high blood pressure in the early morning. Clin Exp Hypertens 2004;26(2):107-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly JG, O'Malley K. Clinical pharmacokinetics of calcium antagonists. An update. Clin Pharmacokinet 1992;22(6):416-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eldom MBM, Voigtman R, Colburn W. Differences in oral verapamil absorption as a function of time of day. J Clin Pharmacol 1989;29:989-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wedlund PJ, Levy RH. Time-dependent kinetics VII: effect of diurnal oscillations on the time course of carbamazepine autoinduction in the rhesus monkey. J Pharm Sci 1983;72(8):905-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohdo S, Nakano S, Ogawa N. Chronopharmacokinetics of valproic acid following constant-rate administration in mice. Chronobiol Int 1991;8(1):35-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furlanut M, Benetello P. Possible circadian rhythm of diphenylhydantoin metabolism in epileptic patients. Riv Farmacol Ter 1978;9:259-66
   Google Scholar
• Reisin LH, Pancheva N, Berman M, et al. Circadian variation of the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction-isn't the time ripe for cardiovascular chronotherapy? Angiology 2004;55(3):257-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowanko I, Knapp M, Pownall R, Swannell A. Domiciliary self-measurement in rheumatoid arthritis and in the demonstration of circadian rhythmicity. Ann Rheum Dis 1995;41:453-55
   Google Scholar
• Petrovsky N, McNair P, Harrison LC. Diurnal rhythms of pro-inflammatory cytokines: regulation by plasma cortisol and therapeutic implications. Cytokine 1998;10(4):307-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutolo M, Sulli A, Pizzorni C, et al. Circadian rhythms: glucocorticoids and arthritis. Ann NY Acad Sci 2006;1069:289-99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benowitz NL, Chan K, Denaro CP, Jacob P III. Stable isotope method for studying transdermal drug absorption: the nicotine patch. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991;50(3):286-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smolensky MH, Reinberg A, Labrecque G. Twenty-four hour pattern in symptom intensity of viral and allergic rhinitis: treatment implications. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995;95(5 Pt 2):1084-96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gervais P, Reinberg A. Chronotherapy and allergic diseases. Pathol Biol (Paris) 1987;35(6):969-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storms WW. Pharmacologic approaches to daytime and nighttime symptoms of allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004;114(5 Suppl):S146-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haus E, Smolensky MH. Biologic rhythms in the immune system. Chronobiol Int 1999;16(5):581-622
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Born J, Lange T, Hansen K, Molle M, Fehm HL. Effects of sleep and circadian rhythm on human circulating immune cells. J Immunol 1997;158(9):4454-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baraldo M, Furlanut M. Chronopharmacokinetics of ciclosporin and tacrolimus. Clin Pharmacokinet 2006;45(8):775-88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Min DI, Chen HY, Fabrega A, et al. Circadian variation of tacrolimus disposition in liver allograft recipients. Transplantation 1996;62(8):1190-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchida H, Kobayashi E, Ogino Y, et al. Chronopharmacology of tacrolimus in rats: toxicity and efficacy in a mouse-to-rat intestinal transplant model and its pharmacokinetic profile. Transplant Proc 1999;31(7):2751-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satoh S, Tada H, Tachiki Y, et al. Chrono and clinical pharmacokinetic study of tacrolimus in continuous intravenous administration. Int J Urol 2001;8(7):353-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamauchi A, Oishi R, Kataoka Y. Tacrolimus-induced neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity is ameliorated by administration in the dark phase in rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2004;24(5):695-704
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tada H, Satoh S, Iinuma M, et al. Chronopharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in kidney transplant recipients: occurrence of acute rejection. J Clin Pharmacol 2003;43(8):859-65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malmary MF, Kabbaj K, Labat C, et al. Chronopharmacokinetics of cyclosporine A in the Wistar rat following oral administration. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 1992;17(2):135-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tredger JM, Chhabra RS. Circadian variations in microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme activities in rat and rabbit tissues. Xenobiotica 1977;7(8):481-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowers LD, Canafax DM, Singh J, et al. Studies of cyclosporine blood levels: analysis, clinical utility, pharmacokinetics, metabolites, and chronopharmacology. Transplant Proc 1986;18(6 Suppl 5):137-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabatè I, Grino J, Castelao A, et al. Diurnal variations of cyclosporine and metabolites in renal transplant patients. Transplant Proc 1990;22(4):1700-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohlman S, Lindholm A, Hagglund H, Sawe J, Kahan B. On the intraindividual variability and chronobiology of cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in renal transplantation. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1993;44(3):265-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milanian I, Ghods A, Mahmoudian M, et al. Study of circadian variation of cyclosporine pharmacokinetics. Transplant Proc 1997;29(7):2930-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Châteauvert N, Côté H. Circadian variations in the pharmacokinetics of a new microemulsion formulation of cyclosporine in cardiac transplant recipients. Pharmacotherapy 1998;18(2):364-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkataramanan R, Yang S. Diurnal variation in cyclosporine kinetics. Ther Drug Monit 1986;8(3):380-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heifets M, Cooney G, Shaw L, Libetti G. Diurnal variation of cyclosporine clearance in stable renal transplant recipients receiving continuous infusion. Transplantation 1995;60(12):1615-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canafax D, Cipolle R, Hrushesky W, et al. The chronopharmacokinetics of cyclosporine and its metabolites in recipients of pancreas allografts. Transplant Proc 1988;20(2):471-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy G. C2 monitoring strategy for optimising cyclosporin immunosuppression from the Neoral formulation. BioDrugs 2001;15(5):279-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashkenazi I, Reinberg A, Bicakova-Rocher A, Ticher A. The genetic background of individual variations of circadian-rhythm periods in healthy human adults. Am J Hum Genet 1993;52(6):1250-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott P, Tabachnik E, Macleod S, et al. Sustained-release theophylline for childhood asthma: evidence for circadian variation of theophylline pharmaceutics. J Pediatr 1981;99(3):476-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burioka N, Sako T, Tomita K, et al. Theophylline chronotherapy of nocturnal asthma using bathyphase of circadian rhythm in peak expiratory flow rate. Biomed Pharmacother 2001;55(Suppl 1):142s-146s
   Google Scholar
• Jonkman J, Borgström L, Van Der Boon W, De Noord O. Theophylline-terbutaline, a steady-state study on possible pharmacokinetic interactions with special reference to chronopharmacokinetics aspects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1988;26(3):285-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International consensus report on diagnosis and treatment of asthma. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Publication no. 92-3091. Eur Respir J 1992;5(5):601-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prichard P, Yeomans N. Omeprazole: a study of its inhibition of gastric pH and oral pharmacokinetics after morning or evening dosage. Gastroenterology 1985;88(1):64-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinberg A, Lewy H, Smolensky M. The birth of chronobiology: Julien Joseph Virey 1814. Chronobiol Int 2001;18(2):173-86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tei H, Okamura H, Shigyoshi Y, et al. Circadian oscillation of a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila period gene. Nature 1997;389(6650):512-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arendt J, Skene D. Melatonin as a chronobiotic. Sleep Med Rev 2005;9(1):25-39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohdo S, Koyanagi S, Suyama H, Higuchi S, Aramaki H. Changing the dosing schedule minimized the disruptive effects of interferon on clock function. Nat Med 2001;7(3):356-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langner B, Lemmer B. Circadian changes in the pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects of oral propranolol in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1988;33(6):619-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jespersen C, Klitgaard N, Nielsen H, Hansen J. Sustained-release and instant-release verapamil in treatment of angina pectoris. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1989;36(6):625-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petit E, Milano G, Levi F, et al. Circadian rhythm-varying plasma concentration of 5-fluorouracil during a five-day continuous venous infusion at a constant rate in cancer patients. Cancer Res 1988;48(6):1676-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decousus H, Ollagnier M. Chronokinetics of ketoprofen infused intravenously at a constant rate. Ann Rev Chronopharmacol 1986;3:321-4
   Google Scholar
• Sanders S, Bishop A, Moore J. Intragastric pH and pharmacokinetics of intravenous ranitidine during sinusoidal and constant-rate infusions. Chronobiol Int 1991;8(4):267-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philip-Joet F, Bruguerolle B, Lagier F, et al. Effects of a constant dose rate of terbutaline on circadian peak expiratory flow, heart rate and systolic arterial pressure in patients with asthma exacerbation. Respiration 1992;59(4):197-200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Focan C, Doalto L. Vindésine en perfusion continue de 48 heures (suivie de cisplatine) dans le cancer pulmonaire avancé: données chronopharmacocinétiques et efficacité clinique. Bull Cancer 1989;76:909-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Youan B. Chronopharmaceutics: gimmick or clinically relevant approach to drug delivery? J Control Rel 2004;98(3):337-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar