Preclinical development of cancer stem cell drugs

Bibliography

• Faguet GB. The War on Cancer, Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands. 2006:181
   Google Scholar
• Reya T, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF, Weissman IL. Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells. Nature 2001;414(6859):105-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke MF, Dick JE, Dirks PB, et al. Cancer stem cells–perspectives on current status and future directions: AACR workshop on cancer stem cells. Cancer Res 2006;66(19):9339-44
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhou J, Zhang Y. Cancer stem cells: models, mechanisms and implications for improved treatment. Cell Cycle 2008;7(10):1360-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbertson RJ, Rich JN. Making a tumour's bed: glioblastoma stem cells and the vascular niche. Nat Rev Cancer 2007;7(10):733-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalerba P, Cho RW, Clarke MF. Cancer stem cells. Annu Rev Med 2007;58:267-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill RP, Perris R. “Destemming” cancer stem cells. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99(19):1435-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapidot T, Sirard C, Vormoor J, et al. A cell initiating human acute myeloid leukaemia after transplantation into SCID mice. Nature 1994;367(6464):645-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonnet D, Dick JE. Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell. Nat Med 1997;3(7):730-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Hajj M, Wicha MS, Benito-Hernandez A, et al. Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;100(7):3983-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh SK, Hawkins C, Clarke ID, et al. Identification of human brain tumour initiating cells. Nature 2004;432(7015):396-401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunther HS, Schmidt NO, Phillips HS, et al. Glioblastoma-derived stem cell-enriched cultures form distinct subgroups according to molecular and phenotypic criteria. Oncogene 2008;27(20):2897-909
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsui W, Huff CA, Wang Q, et al. Characterization of clonogenic multiple myeloma cells. Blood 2004;103(6):2332-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien CA, Pollett A, Gallinger S, Dick JE. A human colon cancer cell capable of initiating tumour growth in immunodeficient mice. Nature 2007;445(7123):106-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricci-Vitiani L, Lombardi DG, Pilozzi E, et al. Identification and expansion of human colon-cancer-initiating cells. Nature 2007;445(7123):111-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalerba P, Dylla SJ, Park IK, et al. Phenotypic characterization of human colorectal cancer stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007;104(24):10158-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins AT, Berry PA, Hyde C, et al. Prospective identification of tumorigenic prostate cancer stem cells. Cancer Res 2005;65(23):10946-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prince ME, Sivanandan R, Kaczorowski A, et al. Identification of a subpopulation of cells with cancer stem cell properties in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007;104(3):973-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang D, Nguyen TK, Leishear K, et al. A tumorigenic subpopulation with stem cell properties in melanomas. Cancer Res 2005;65(20):9328-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma S, Chan KW, Hu L, et al. Identification and characterization of tumorigenic liver cancer stem/progenitor cells. Gastroenterology 2007;132(7):2542-56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C, Heidt DG, Dalerba P, et al. Identification of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Cancer Res 2007;67(3):1030-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eramo A, Lotti F, Sette G, et al. Identification and expansion of the tumorigenic lung cancer stem cell population. Cell Death Differ 2008;15(3):504-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schatton T, Murphy GF, Frank NY, et al. Identification of cells initiating human melanomas. Nature 2008;451(7176):345-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens LC. Origin of testicular teratomas from primordial germ cells in mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 1967;38(4):549-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens LC. The development of transplantable teratocarcinomas from intratesticular grafts of pre- and postimplantation mouse embryos. Dev Biol 1970;21(3):364-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houghton J, Stoicov C, Nomura S, et al. Gastric cancer originating from bone marrow-derived cells. Science 2004;306(5701):1568-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widschwendter M, Fiegl H, Egle D, et al. Epigenetic stem cell signature in cancer. Nat Genet 2007;39(2):157-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohm JE, McGarvey KM, Yu X, et al. A stem cell-like chromatin pattern may predispose tumor suppressor genes to DNA hypermethylation and heritable silencing. Nat Genet 2007;39(2):237-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunther HS, Schmidt NO, Phillips HS, et al. Glioblastoma-derived stem cell-enriched cultures form distinct subgroups according to molecular and phenotypic criteria. Oncogene 2008;27(20):2897-909
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan X, Matsui W, Khaki L, et al. Notch pathway inhibition depletes stem-like cells and blocks engraftment in embryonal brain tumors. Cancer Res 2006;66(15):7445-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamieson CH, Ailles LE, Dylla SJ, et al. Granulocyte-macrophage progenitors as candidate leukemic stem cells in blast-crisis CML. N Engl J Med 2004;351(7):657-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiba T, Kita K, Zheng YW, et al. Side population purified from hepatocellular carcinoma cells harbors cancer stem cell-like properties. Hepatology 2006;44(1):240-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peacock CD, Wang Q, Gesell GS, et al. Hedgehog signaling maintains a tumor stem cell compartment in multiple myeloma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007;104(10):4048-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bar EE, Chaudhry A, Lin A, et al. Cyclopamine-mediated hedgehog pathway inhibition depletes stem-like cancer cells in glioblastoma. Stem Cells 2007;25(10):2524-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen W, Kumar AR, Hudson WA, et al. Malignant transformation initiated by Mll-AF9: gene dosage and critical target cells. Cancer Cell 2008;13(5):432-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ince TA, Richardson AL, Bell GW, et al. Transformation of different human breast epithelial cell types leads to distinct tumor phenotypes. Cancer Cell 2007;12(2):160-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruggeman SW, Hulsman D, Tanger E, et al. Bmi1 controls tumor development in an Ink4a/Arf-independent manner in a mouse model for glioma. Cancer Cell 2007;12(4):328-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjerkvig R, Tysnes BB, Aboody KS, et al. Opinion: the origin of the cancer stem cell: current controversies and new insights. Nat Rev Cancer 2005;5(11):899-904
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao S, Wu Q, McLendon RE, et al. Glioma stem cells promote radioresistance by preferential activation of the DNA damage response. Nature 2006;444(7120):756-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Hajj M, Becker MW, Wicha M, et al. Therapeutic implications of cancer stem cells. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2004;14(1):43-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behbod F, Rosen JM. Will cancer stem cells provide new therapeutic targets? Carcinogenesis 2005;26(4):703-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean M, Fojo T, Bates S. Tumour stem cells and drug resistance. Nat Rev Cancer 2005;5(4):275-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips TM, McBride WH, Pajonk F. The response of CD24(-/low)/CD44 + breast cancer-initiating cells to radiation. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006;98(24):1777-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris HP, Meranze DR. Induction and some characteristics of “minimal deviation” and other transplantable rat hepatomas. Recent Results Cancer Res 1974;44:103-11
   Google Scholar
• Sell S, Leffert HL. Liver cancer stem cells. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(17):2800-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costello RT, Mallet F, Gaugler B, et al. Human acute myeloid leukemia CD34 + /CD38- progenitor cells have decreased sensitivity to chemotherapy and Fas-induced apoptosis, reduced immunogenicity, and impaired dendritic cell transformation capacities. Cancer Res 2000;60(16):4403-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang X, Zhao Y, Smith C, et al. Chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells possess multiple unique features of resistance to BCR-ABL targeted therapies. Leukemia 2007;21(5):926-35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angstreich GR, Matsui W, Huff CA, et al. Effects of imatinib and interferon on primitive chronic myeloid leukaemia progenitors. Br J Haematol 2005;130(3):373-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eramo A, Ricci-Vitiani L, Zeuner A, et al. Chemotherapy resistance of glioblastoma stem cells. Cell Death Differ 2006;13(7):1238-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu G, Yuan X, Zeng Z, et al. Analysis of gene expression and chemoresistance of CD133 + cancer stem cells in glioblastoma. Mol Cancer 2006;5:67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma S, Lee TK, Zheng BJ, et al. CD133( + ) HCC cancer stem cells confer chemoresistance by preferential expression of the Akt/PKB survival pathway. Oncogene 2008;27(12):1749-58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou J, Zhang H, Gu P, et al. NF-kappaB pathway inhibitors preferentially inhibit breast cancer stem-like cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008;111(3):419-27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou J, Wulfkuhle J, Zhang H, et al. Activation of the PTEN/mTOR/STAT3 pathway in breast cancer stem-like cells is required for viability and maintenance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007;104(41):16158-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirschmann-Jax C, Foster AE, Wulf GG, et al. A distinct “side population” of cells with high drug efflux capacity in human tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004;101(39):14228-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haraguchi N, Utsunomiya T, Inoue H, et al. Characterization of a side population of cancer cells from human gastrointestinal system. Stem Cells 2006;24(3):506-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szotek PP, Pieretti-Vanmarcke R, Masiakos PT, et al. Ovarian cancer side population defines cells with stem cell-like characteristics and Mullerian Inhibiting Substance responsiveness. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006;103(30):11154-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho MM, Ng AV, Lam S, Hung JY. Side population in human lung cancer cell lines and tumors is enriched with stem-like cancer cells. Cancer Res 2007;67(10):4827-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Guo LP, Chen LZ, et al. Identification of cancer stem cell-like side population cells in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line. Cancer Res 2007;67(8):3716-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levina V, Marrangoni AM, DeMarco R, et al. Drug-selected human lung cancer stem cells: cytokine network, tumorigenic and metastatic properties. PLoS ONE 2008;3(8):e3077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dylla SJ, Beviglia L, Park IK, et al. Colorectal cancer stem cells are enriched in xenogeneic tumors following chemotherapy. PLoS ONE 2008;3(6):e2428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodward WA, Chen MS, Behbod F, et al. WNT/beta-catenin mediates radiation resistance of mouse mammary progenitor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007;104(2):618-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raaijmakers MH, de Grouw EP, Heuver LH, et al. Breast cancer resistance protein in drug resistance of primitive CD34 + 38-cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11(6):2436-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponti D, Costa A, Zaffaroni N, et al. Isolation and in vitro propagation of tumorigenic breast cancer cells with stem/progenitor cell properties. Cancer Res 2005;65(13):5506-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viale A, De Franco F, Orleth A, et al. Cell-cycle restriction limits DNA damage and maintains self-renewal of leukaemia stem cells. Nature 2009;457(7225):51-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todaro M, Alea MP, Di Stefano AB, et al. Colon cancer stem cells dictate tumor growth and resist cell death by production of interleukin-4. Cell Stem Cell 2007;1(4):389-402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beier D, Hau P, Proescholdt M, et al. CD133( + ) and CD133(-) glioblastoma derived cancer stem cells show differential growth characteristics and molecular profiles. Cancer Res 2007;67(9):4010-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Sakariassen PO, Tsinkalovsky O, et al. CD133 negative glioma cells form tumors in nude rats and give rise to CD133 positive cells. Int J Cancer 2008;122(4):761-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogden AT, Waziri AE, Lochhead RA, et al. Identification of A2B5 + CD133-tumor initiating cells in adult human gliomas. Neurosurgery 2008;62(2):505-14; discussion 14-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu R, Wang X, Chen GY, et al. The prognostic role of a gene signature from tumorigenic breast-cancer cells. N Engl J Med 2007;356(3):217-26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mylona E, Giannopoulou I, Fasomytakis E, et al. The clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of CD44 + /CD24(-/low) and CD44-/CD24 + tumor cells in invasive breast carcinomas. Hum Pathol 2008;39(7):1096-102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill RP. Identifying cancer stem cells in solid tumors: case not proven. Cancer Res 2006;66(4):1891-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honeth G, Bendahl PO, Ringner M, et al. The CD44 + /CD24-phenotype is enriched in basal-like breast tumors. Breast Cancer Res 2008;10(3):R53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalerba P, Dylla SJ, Park IK, et al. Phenotypic characterization of human colorectal cancer stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007;104(24):10158-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shmelkov SV, Butler JM, Hooper AT, et al. CD133 expression is not restricted to stem cells, and both CD133 + and CD133-metastatic colon cancer cells initiate tumors. J Clin Invest 2008;118(6):2111-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taussig DC, Miraki-Moud F, Anjos-Afonso F, et al. Anti-CD38 antibody-mediated clearance of human repopulating cells masks the heterogeneity of leukemia-initiating cells. Blood 2008;112(3):568-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zucchi I, Astigiano S, Bertalot G, et al. Distinct populations of tumor-initiating cells derived from a tumor generated by rat mammary cancer stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008;105(44):16940-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodell MA, Brose K, Paradis G, et al. Isolation and functional properties of murine hematopoietic stem cells that are replicating in vivo. J Exp Med 1996;183(4):1797-806
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodell MA, Rosenzweig M, Kim H, et al. Dye efflux studies suggest that hematopoietic stem cells expressing low or undetectable levels of CD34 antigen exist in multiple species. Nat Med 1997;3(12):1337-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abounader R, Reznik T, Colantuoni C, et al. Regulation of c-Met-dependent gene expression by PTEN. Oncogene 2004;23(57):9173-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glavinas H, Krajcsi P, Cserepes J, Sarkadi B. The role of ABC transporters in drug resistance, metabolism and toxicity. Curr Drug Deliv 2004;1(1):27-42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yokogami K, Wakisaka S, Avruch J, Reeves SA. Serine phosphorylation and maximal activation of STAT3 during CNTF signaling is mediated by the rapamycin target mTOR. Curr Biol 2000;10(1):47-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wulf GG, Wang RY, Kuehnle I, et al. A leukemic stem cell with intrinsic drug efflux capacity in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2001;98(4):1166-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feuring-Buske M, Hogge DE. Hoechst 33342 efflux identifies a subpopulation of cytogenetically normal CD34( + )CD38(-) progenitor cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2001;97(12):3882-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kondo T, Setoguchi T, Taga T. Persistence of a small subpopulation of cancer stem-like cells in the C6 glioma cell line. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004;101(3):781-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitsutake N, Iwao A, Nagai K, et al. Characterization of side population in thyroid cancer cell lines: cancer stem-like cells are enriched partly but not exclusively. Endocrinology 2007;148(4):1797-803
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrawala L, Calhoun T, Schneider-Broussard R, et al. Side population is enriched in tumorigenic, stem-like cancer cells, whereas ABCG2 + and ABCG2-cancer cells are similarly tumorigenic. Cancer Res 2005;65(14):6207-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds BA, Weiss S. Generation of neurons and astrocytes from isolated cells of the adult mammalian central nervous system. Science 1992;255(5052):1707-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds BA, Tetzlaff W, Weiss S. A multipotent EGF-responsive striatal embryonic progenitor cell produces neurons and astrocytes. J Neurosci 1992;12(11):4565-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dontu G, Abdallah WM, Foley JM, et al. In vitro propagation and transcriptional profiling of human mammary stem/progenitor cells. Genes Dev 2003;17(10):1253-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh SK, Clarke ID, Terasaki M, et al. Identification of a cancer stem cell in human brain tumors. Cancer Res 2003;63(18):5821-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galli R, Binda E, Orfanelli U, et al. Isolation and characterization of tumorigenic, stem-like neural precursors from human glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2004;64(19):7011-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan X, Curtin J, Xiong Y, et al. Isolation of cancer stem cells from adult glioblastoma multiforme. Oncogene 2004;23(58):9392-400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suslov ON, Kukekov VG, Ignatova TN, Steindler DA. Neural stem cell heterogeneity demonstrated by molecular phenotyping of clonal neurospheres. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002;99(22):14506-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen JB, Parmar M. Strengths and limitations of the neurosphere culture system. Mol Neurobiol 2006;34(3):153-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sladek NE. Human aldehyde dehydrogenases: potential pathological, pharmacological, and toxicological impact. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2003;17(1):7-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hess DA, Meyerrose TE, Wirthlin L, et al. Functional characterization of highly purified human hematopoietic repopulating cells isolated according to aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Blood 2004;104(6):1648-55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corti S, Locatelli F, Papadimitriou D, et al. Identification of a primitive brain-derived neural stem cell population based on aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Stem Cells 2006;24(4):975-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce DJ, Taussig D, Simpson C, et al. Characterization of cells with a high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity from cord blood and acute myeloid leukemia samples. Stem Cells 2005;23(6):752-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ginestier C, Hur MH, Charafe-Jauffret E, et al. ALDH1 is a marker of normal and malignant human mammary stem cells and a predictor of poor clinical outcome. Cell Stem Cell 2007;1(5):555-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma S, Chan KW, Lee TK, et al. Aldehyde dehydrogenase discriminates the CD133 liver cancer stem cell populations. Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(7):1146-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou J, Zhang H, Gu P, et al. NF-kappaB pathway inhibitors preferentially inhibit breast cancer stem-like cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008;111(3):419-27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou J, Zhang H, Gu P, et al. Cancer stem/progenitor cell active compound 8-quinolinol in combination with paclitaxel achieves an improved cure of breast cancer in the mouse model. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008 [Epub ahead of print]
   Google Scholar
• Piccirillo SG, Reynolds BA, Zanetti N, et al. Bone morphogenetic proteins inhibit the tumorigenic potential of human brain tumour-initiating cells. Nature 2006;444(7120):761-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diamandis P, Wildenhain J, Clarke ID, et al. Chemical genetics reveals a complex functional ground state of neural stem cells. Nat Chem Biol 2007;3(5):268-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lou H, Dean M. Targeted therapy for cancer stem cells: the patched pathway and ABC transporters. Oncogene 2007;26(9):1357-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubrovska A, Kim S, Salamone RJ, et al. The role of PTEN/Akt/PI3K signaling in the maintenance and viability of prostate cancer stem-like cell populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009;106(1):268-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan CT, Guzman ML. Mechanisms controlling pathogenesis and survival of leukemic stem cells. Oncogene 2004;23(43):7178-87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hambardzumyan D, Becher OJ, Rosenblum MK, et al. PI3K pathway regulates survival of cancer stem cells residing in the perivascular niche following radiation in medulloblastoma in vivo. Genes Dev 2008;22(4):436-48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yi JM, Tsai HC, Glockner SC, et al. Abnormal DNA methylation of CD133 in colorectal and glioblastoma tumors. Cancer Res 2008;68(19):8094-103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baba T, Convery PA, Matsumura N, et al. Epigenetic regulation of CD133 and tumorigenicity of CD133 + ovarian cancer cells. Oncogene 2009;28(2):209-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee J, Son MJ, Woolard K, et al. Epigenetic-mediated dysfunction of the bone morphogenetic protein pathway inhibits differentiation of glioblastoma-initiating cells. Cancer Cell 2008;13(1):69-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu F, Yao H, Zhu P, et al. let-7 regulates self renewal and tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells. Cell 2007;131(6):1109-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gal H, Pandi G, Kanner AA, et al. MIR-451 and Imatinib mesylate inhibit tumor growth of Glioblastoma stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008;376(1):86-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silber J, Lim DA, Petritsch C, et al. miR-124 and miR-137 inhibit proliferation of glioblastoma multiforme cells and induce differentiation of brain tumor stem cells. BMC Med 2008;6:14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zucchi I, Sanzone S, Astigiano S, et al. The properties of a mammary gland cancer stem cell. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007;104(25):10476-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermeulen L, Todaro M, de Sousa Mello F, et al. Single-cell cloning of colon cancer stem cells reveals a multi-lineage differentiation capacity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008;105(36):13427-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spisek R, Kukreja A, Chen LC, et al. Frequent and specific immunity to the embryonal stem cell-associated antigen SOX2 in patients with monoclonal gammopathy. J Exp Med 2007;204(4):831-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krause DS, Lazarides K, von Andrian UH, Van Etten RA. Requirement for CD44 in homing and engraftment of BCR-ABL-expressing leukemic stem cells. Nat Med 2006;12(10):1175-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin L, Hope KJ, Zhai Q, et al. Targeting of CD44 eradicates human acute myeloid leukemic stem cells. Nat Med 2006;12(10):1167-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du L, Wang H, He L, et al. CD44 is of functional importance for colorectal cancer stem cells. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14(21):6751-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li L, Xie T. Stem cell niche: structure and function. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2005;21:605-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calabrese C, Poppleton H, Kocak M, et al. A perivascular niche for brain tumor stem cells. Cancer Cell 2007;11(1):69-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang JC. Evaluating therapeutic efficacy against cancer stem cells: new challenges posed by a new paradigm. Cell Stem Cell 2007;1(5):497-501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huff CA, Matsui W, Smith BD, Jones RJ. The paradox of response and survival in cancer therapeutics. Blood 2006;107(2):431-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kagalwala MN, Singh SK, Majumder S. Stemness is only a state of the cell. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2009 [Epub ahead of print]
   Google Scholar
• Tirino V, Desiderio V, d'Aquino R, et al. Detection and characterization of CD133 + cancer stem cells in human solid tumours. PLoS ONE 2008;3(10):e3469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abraham BK, Fritz P, McClellan M, et al. Prevalence of CD44 + /CD24-/low cells in breast cancer may not be associated with clinical outcome but may favor distant metastasis. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11(3):1154-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermann PC, Huber SL, Herrler T, et al. Distinct populations of cancer stem cells determine tumor growth and metastatic activity in human pancreatic cancer. Cell Stem Cell 2007;1(3):313-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beier D, Rohrl S, Pillai DR, et al. Temozolomide preferentially depletes cancer stem cells in glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2008;68(14):5706-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar