25
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Molecular aspects in the diagnosis of gastric cancer

, MD, , MD, , MD & , MD
Pages 585-596 | Published online: 26 Jun 2009

Bibliography

  • Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, et al. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 2005;55:74-108
  • Schmidt N, Peitz U, Lippert H, et al. Missing gastric cancer in dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;21:813-20
  • Coleman MP, Gatta G, Verdecchia A, et al. EUROCARE-3 summary: cancer survival in Europe at the end of the 20th century. Ann Oncol 2003;14(Suppl 5):v128-49
  • Laurén P. The two histological main types of gastric carcinoma: diffuse and so-called intestinal-type carcinoma. An attempt at a histo-clinical classification. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 1965;64:31-49
  • Correa P. A human model of gastric carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 1988;48:3554-60
  • Ucar E, Semerci E, Ustun H, et al. Prognostic value of preoperative CEA, CA 19-9, CA 72-4, and AFP levels in gastric cancer. Adv Ther 2008;25:1075-84
  • Marrelli D, Roviello F, De SA, et al. Prognostic significance of CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 72-4 preoperative serum levels in gastric carcinoma. Oncology 1999;57:55-62
  • Tocchi A, Costa G, Lepre L, et al. The role of serum and gastric juice levels of carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19.9 and CA72.4 in patients with gastric cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1998;124:450-5
  • Kodera Y, Yamamura Y, Torii A, et al. The prognostic value of preoperative serum levels of CEA and CA19-9 in patients with gastric cancer. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91:49-53
  • Ishigami S, Natsugoe S, Hokita S, et al. Clinical importance of preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels in gastric cancer. J Clin Gastroenterol 2001;32:41-4
  • Tachibana M, Takemoto Y, Nakashima Y, et al. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen as a prognostic factor in resectable gastric cancer. J Am Coll Surg 1998;187:64-8
  • Duraker N, Celik AN. The prognostic significance of preoperative serum CA 19-9 in patients with resectable gastric carcinoma: comparison with CEA. J Surg Oncol 2001;76:266-71
  • Li W, Li JF, Qu Y, et al. Comparative proteomics analysis of human gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2008;37:5657-64
  • Ellmark P, Ingvarsson J, Carlsson A, et al. Identification of protein expression signatures associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric adenocarcinoma using recombinant antibody microarrays. Mol Cell Proteomics 2006;5(9):1638-46
  • Kuramitsu Y, Nakamura K. Proteomic analysis of cancer tissues: shedding light on carcinogenesis and possible biomarkers. Proteomics 2006;6:5650-61
  • Ebert MP, Kruger S, Fogeron ML, et al. Overexpression of cathepsin B in gastric cancer identified by proteome analysis. Proteomics 2005;5:1693-704
  • Sloane BF, Honn KV, Sadler JG, et al. Cathepsin B activity in B16 melanoma cells: a possible marker for metastatic potential. Cancer Res 1982;42:980-6
  • Khan A, Krishna M, Baker SP, et al. Cathepsin B expression and its correlation with tumor-associated laminin and tumor progression in gastric cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1998;122:172-7
  • Krueger S, Kalinski T, Hundertmark T, et al. Up-regulation of cathepsin X in Helicobacter pylori gastritis and gastric cancer. J Pathol 2005;207:32-42
  • Chen SH, Liao HK, Chang CY, et al. Targeted protein quantitation and profiling using PVDF affinity probe and MALDI-TOF MS. Proteomics 2007;7:3038-50
  • El-Rifai W, Powell SM. Molecular biology of gastric cancer. Semin Radiat Oncol 2002;12:128-40
  • Lee JH, Abraham SC, Kim HS, et al. Inverse relationship between APC gene mutation in gastric adenomas and development of adenocarcinoma. Am J Pathol 2002;161:611-8
  • Vauhkonen M, Vauhkonen H, Sajantila A, et al. Differences in genomic instability between intestinal- and diffuse-type gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2005;8:238-44
  • Miyoshi E, Haruma K, Hiyama T, et al. Microsatellite instability is a genetic marker for the development of multiple gastric cancers. Int J Cancer 2001;95:350-3
  • Halling KC, Harper J, Moskaluk CA, et al. Origin of microsatellite instability in gastric cancer. Am J Pathol 1999;155:205-11
  • Fleisher AS, Esteller M, Tamura G, et al. Hypermethylation of the hMLH1 gene promoter is associated with microsatellite instability in early human gastric neoplasia. Oncogene 2001;20:329-35
  • Suzuki H, Itoh F, Toyota M, et al. Distinct methylation pattern and microsatellite instability in sporadic gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 1999;83:309-13
  • Barber M, Fitzgerald RC, Caldas C. Familial gastric cancer – aetiology and pathogenesis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2006;20:721-34
  • Park JG, Yang HK, Kim WH, et al. Report on the first meeting of the International Collaborative Group on Hereditary Gastric Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000;92:1781-2
  • Cisco RM, Norton JA. Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: surgery, surveillance and unanswered questions. Future Oncol 2008;4:553-9
  • Huntsman DG, Carneiro F, Lewis FR, et al. Early gastric cancer in young, asymptomatic carriers of germ-line E-cadherin mutations. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1904-9
  • Suriano G, Yew S, Ferreira P, et al. Characterization of a recurrent germ line mutation of the E-cadherin gene: implications for genetic testing and clinical management. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:5401-9
  • Lynch HT, Kaurah P, Wirtzfeld D, et al. Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: diagnosis, genetic counseling, and prophylactic total gastrectomy. Cancer 2008;112:2655-63
  • Guilford P, Hopkins J, Harraway J, et al. E-cadherin germline mutations in familial gastric cancer. Nature 1998;392:402-5
  • Kolligs FT, Bommer G, Goke B. Wnt/beta-catenin/tcf signaling: a critical pathway in gastrointestinal tumorigenesis. Digestion 2002;66:131-44
  • Pharoah PD, Guilford P, Caldas C. Incidence of gastric cancer and breast cancer in CDH1 (E-cadherin) mutation carriers from hereditary diffuse gastric cancer families. Gastroenterology 2001;121:1348-53
  • Graziano F, Humar B, Guilford P. The role of the E-cadherin gene (CDH1) in diffuse gastric cancer susceptibility: from the laboratory to clinical practice. Ann Oncol 2003;14:1705-13
  • Joo YE, Rew JS, Choi SK, et al. Expression of e-cadherin and catenins in early gastric cancer. J Clin Gastroenterol 2002;35:35-42
  • Tanaka M, Kitajima Y, Edakuni G, et al. Abnormal expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin may be a molecular marker of submucosal invasion and lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer. Br J Surg 2002;89:236-44
  • Munemitsu S, Albert I, Souza B, et al. Regulation of intracellular beta-catenin levels by the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor-suppressor protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92:3046-50
  • Bamias AT, Bai MC, Agnantis NJ, et al. Prognostic significance of the deleted in colorectal cancer gene protein expression in high-risk resected gastric carcinoma. Cancer Invest 2003;21(3):333-40
  • Wang D, Fang D, Luo Y, et al. Study of loss of heterozygosity at DCC and APC/MCC genetic loci of gastric cancer. Chin Med Sci J 1999;14(2):107-11
  • Graziano F, Cascinu S, Staccioli MP, et al. Potential role and chronology of abnormal expression of the Deleted in Colon Cancer (DCC) and the p53 proteins in the development of gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2001;1:9
  • Shim YH, Kang GH, Ro JY. Correlation of p16 hypermethylation with p16 protein loss in sporadic gastric carcinomas. Lab Invest 2000;80:689-95
  • Leung WK, Yu J, Ng EK, et al. Concurrent hypermethylation of multiple tumor-related genes in gastric carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues. Cancer 2001;91:2294-301
  • Gemma A, Hagiwara K, Ke Y, et al. FHIT mutations in human primary gastric cancer. Cancer Res 1997;57:1435-7
  • Noguchi T, Muller W, Wirtz HC, et al. FHIT gene in gastric cancer: association with tumour progression and prognosis. J Pathol 1999;188:378-81
  • Zhao P, Liu W, Lu YL. Clinicopathological significance of FHIT protein expression in gastric adenocarcinoma patients. World J Gastroenterol 2005;11(36):1928
  • Zheng H, Takahashi H, Murai Y, et al. Low expression of FHIT and PTEN correlates with malignancy of gastric carcinomas: tissue-array findings. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2007;15(4):432-40
  • Capuzzi D, Santoro E, Hauck WW, et al. Fhit expression in gastric adenocarcinoma: correlation with disease stage and survival. Cancer 2000;88:24-34
  • Rocco A, Schandl L, Chen J, et al. Loss of FHIT protein expression correlates with disease progression and poor differentiation in gastric cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2003;129:84-8
  • Bragantini E, Barbi S, Beghelli S, et al. Loss of Fhit expression is associated with poorer survival in gastric cancer but is not an independent prognostic marker. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2006;132(1):45-50
  • Yio X, Diamond M, Zhang JY, et al. Trefoil factor family-1 mutations enhance gastric cancer cell invasion through distinct signaling pathways. Gastroenterology 2006;130:1696-706
  • Park WS, Oh RR, Park JY, et al. Somatic mutations of the trefoil factor family 1 gene in gastric cancer. Gastroenterology 2000;119:691-8
  • Bossenmeyer-Pourie C, Kannan R, Ribieras S, et al. The trefoil factor 1 participates in gastrointestinal cell differentiation by delaying G1-S phase transition and reducing apoptosis. J Cell Biol 2002;157:761-70
  • Carneiro F, Sobrinho-Simoes M. The prognostic significance of amplification and overexpression of c-met and c-erb B-2 in human gastric carcinomas. Cancer 2000;88:238-40
  • Drebber U, Baldus SE, Nolden B, et al. The overexpression of c-met as a prognostic indicator for gastric carcinoma compared to p53 and p21 nuclear accumulation. Oncol Rep 2008;19(6):1477-83
  • Ross JS, McKenna BJ. The HER-2/ neu oncogene in tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Cancer Invest 2001;19:554-68
  • Zheng L, Wang L, Ajani J, et al. Molecular basis of gastric cancer development and progression. Gastric Cancer 2004;7:61-77
  • Sanz-Ortega J, Steinberg SM, Moro E, et al. Comparative study of tumor angiogenesis and immunohistochemistry for p53, c-ErbB2, c-myc and EGFr as prognostic factors in gastric cancer. Histol Histopathol 2000;15:455-62
  • Mrena J, Wiksten JP, Kokkola A, et al. Prognostic significance of cyclin A in gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 2006;119(8):1897-901
  • Milne AN, Carvalho R, Jansen M, et al. Cyclin E low molecular weight isoforms occur commonly in early-onset gastric cancer and independently predict survival. J Clin Pathol 2008;61(3):311-6
  • Song JH, Kim CJ, Cho YG, et al. Association of cyclin D1 G870A polymorphism with susceptibility to gastric cancers in Korean male patients. Neoplasma 2007;54(3):235-9
  • Ichikura T, Tomimatsu S, Ohkura E, et al. Prognostic significance of the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF-C in gastric carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2001;78:132-7
  • Vidal O, Soriano-Izquierdo A, Pera M, et al. Positive VEGF immunostaining independently predicts poor prognosis in curatively resected gastric cancer patients: results of a study assessing a panel of angiogenic markers. J Gastrointest Surg 2008;12:1005-14
  • Takehana T, Kunitomo K, Suzuki S, et al. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in gastric carcinomas. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003;1:438-45
  • Ashktorab H, Daremipouran M, Wilson M, et al. Transactivation of the EGFR by AP-1 is induced by Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:2135-46
  • Filipe MI, Osborn M, Linehan J, et al. Expression of transforming growth factor alpha, epidermal growth factor receptor and epidermal growth factor in precursor lesions to gastric carcinoma. Br J Cancer 1995;71:30-6
  • Ebert MP, Yu J, Miehlke S, et al. Expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 in gastric cancer and in the gastric mucosa of first-degree relatives of patients with gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 2000;82:1795-800
  • Chung CK, Antoniades HN. Expression of c-sis/platelet-derived growth factor B, insulin-like growth factor I, and transforming growth factor alpha messenger RNAs and their respective receptor messenger RNAs in primary human gastric carcinomas: in vivo studies with in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. Cancer Res 1992;152:3453-9
  • Ueki T, Koji T, Tamiya S, et al. Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor and fibroblast growth factor receptor in advanced gastric carcinoma. J Pathol 1995;177:353-61
  • Lang SA, Gaumann A, Koehl GE, et al. Mammalian target of rapamycin is activated in human gastric cancer and serves as a target for therapy in an experimental model. Int J Cancer 2007;120:1803-10
  • Guertin DA, Sabatini DM. Defining the role of mTOR in cancer. Cancer Cell 2007;12:9-22
  • Chiang GG, Abraham RT. Targeting the mTOR signaling network in cancer. Trends Mol Med 2007;13:433-42
  • Hashimoto I, Koizumi K, Tatematsu M, et al. Blocking on the CXCR4/ mTOR signalling pathway induces the anti-metastatic properties and autophagic cell death in peritoneal disseminated gastric cancer cells. Eur J Cancer 2008;44:1022-9
  • Chawengsaksophak K, de GW, Rossant J, et al. Cdx2 is essential for axial elongation in mouse development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004;101:7641-5
  • van den AE, Forlani S, Chawengsaksophak K, et al. Cdx1 and Cdx2 have overlapping functions in anteroposterior patterning and posterior axis elongation. Development 2002;129:2181-93
  • Avidan B, Sonnenberg A, Schnell TG, et al. Hiatal hernia size, Barrett's length, and severity of acid reflux are all risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:1930-6
  • Weston AP, Badr AS, Hassanein RS. Prospective multivariate analysis of clinical, endoscopic, and histological factors predictive of the development of Barrett's multifocal high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:3413-9
  • Sampliner RE. Updated guidelines for the diagnosis, surveillance, and therapy of Barrett's esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:1888-95
  • Eda A, Osawa H, Yanaka I, et al. Expression of homeobox gene CDX2 precedes that of CDX1 during the progression of intestinal metaplasia. J Gastroenterol 2002;37:94-100
  • Shaheen NJ, Crosby MA, Bozymski EM, et al. Is there publication bias in the reporting of cancer risk in Barrett's esophagus? Gastroenterology 2000;119:333-8
  • Hirota WK, Loughney TM, Lazas DJ, et al. Specialized intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction: prevalence and clinical data. Gastroenterology 1999;116:277-85
  • Sharma P, Weston AP, Morales T, et al. Relative risk of dysplasia for patients with intestinal metaplasia in the distal oesophagus and in the gastric cardia. Gut 2000;46:9-13
  • Ruol A, Parenti A, Zaninotto G, et al. Intestinal metaplasia is the probable common precursor of adenocarcinoma in barrett esophagus and adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia. Cancer 2000;88:2520-8
  • Murata H, Kawano S, Tsuji S, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression enhances lymphatic invasion and metastasis in human gastric carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:451-5
  • Joo YE, Oh WT, Rew JS, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is associated with well-differentiated and intestinal-type pathways in gastric carcinogenesis. Digestion 2002;66:222-9
  • Yamac D, Ayyildiz T, Coskun U, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and its association with angiogenesis, Helicobacter pylori, and clinicopathologic characteristics of gastric carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2008;204:527-36
  • van Rees BP, Saukkonen K, Ristimaki A, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression during carcinogenesis in the human stomach. J Pathol 2002;196:171-9
  • Akhtar M, Cheng Y, Magno RM, et al. Promoter methylation regulates Helicobacter pylori-stimulated cyclooxygenase-2 expression in gastric epithelial cells. Cancer Res 2001;61:2399-403
  • Rajnakova A, Moochhala S, Goh PM, et al. Expression of nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase, and p53 in different stages of human gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2001;172:177-85
  • Kubben FJ, Sier CF, van DW, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 is a consistent prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 2006;94:1035-40
  • Mrena J, Wiksten JP, Nordling S, et al. MMP-2 but not MMP-9 associated with COX-2 and survival in gastric cancer. J Clin Pathol 2006;59:618-23
  • Aihara R, Mochiki E, Nakabayashi T, et al. Clinical significance of mucin phenotype, beta-catenin and matrix metalloproteinase 7 in early undifferentiated gastric carcinoma. Br J Surg 2005;92:454-62
  • Watson SA, Grabowska AM, El-Zaatari M, et al. Gastrin – active participant or bystander in gastric carcinogenesis? Nat Rev Cancer 2006;6:936-46
  • Wang TC, Dangler CA, Chen D, et al. Synergistic interaction between hypergastrinemia and Helicobacter infection in a mouse model of gastric cancer. Gastroenterology 2000;118:36-47
  • Takaishi S, Cui G, Frederick DM, et al. Synergistic inhibitory effects of gastrin and histamine receptor antagonists on Helicobacter-induced gastric cancer. Gastroenterology 2005;128:1965-83
  • Konturek PC, Konturek SJ, Bielanski W, et al. Role of gastrin in gastric cancerogenesis in Helicobacter pylori infected humans. J Physiol Pharmacol 1999;50:857-73
  • Hur K, Kwak MK, Lee HJ, et al. Expression of gastrin and its receptor in human gastric cancer tissues. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2006;132:85-91
  • Schistosomes, liver flukes and Helicobacter pylori. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Lyon, 7-14 June 1994. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 1994;61:1-241
  • Peek RM Jr, Blaser MJ. Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal tract adenocarcinomas. Nat Rev Cancer 2002;2:28-37
  • Huang JQ, Zheng GF, Sumanac K, et al. Meta-analysis of the relationship between cagA seropositivity and gastric cancer. Gastroenterology 2003;125:1636-44
  • Ekstrom AM, Held M, Hansson LE, et al. Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer established by CagA immunoblot as a marker of past infection. Gastroenterology 2001;121:784-91
  • Parsonnet J, Friedman GD, Orentreich N, et al. Risk for gastric cancer in people with CagA positive or CagA negative Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut 1997;40:297-301
  • Enroth H, Kraaz W, Engstrand L, et al. Helicobacter pylori strain types and risk of gastric cancer: a case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000;9:981-85
  • Backert S, Ziska E, Brinkmann V, et al. Translocation of the Helicobacter pylori CagA protein in gastric epithelial cells by a type IV secretion apparatus. Cell Microbiol 2000;2:155-64
  • Odenbreit S, Puls J, Sedlmaier B, et al. Translocation of Helicobacter pylori CagA into gastric epithelial cells by type IV secretion. Science 2000;287:1497-500
  • Higashi H, Tsutsumi R, Muto S, et al. SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatase as an intracellular target of Helicobacter pylori CagA protein. Science 2002;295:683-86
  • Tsutsumi R, Higashi H, Higuchi M, et al. Attenuation of Helicobacter pylori CagA x SHP-2 signaling by interaction between CagA and C-terminal Src kinase. J Biol Chem 2003;278:3664-70
  • Hatakeyama M. Oncogenic mechanisms of the Helicobacter pylori CagA protein. Nat Rev Cancer 2004;4:688-94
  • Brandt S, Kwok T, Hartig R, et al. NF-kappaB activation and potentiation of proinflammatory responses by the Helicobacter pylori CagA protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005;102:9300-5
  • Kuzuhara T, Suganuma M, Kurusu M, et al. Helicobacter pylori-secreting protein Tipalpha is a potent inducer of chemokine gene expressions in stomach cancer cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2007;133:287-96
  • Kim H, Lim JW, Kim KH. Helicobacter pylori-induced expression of interleukin-8 and cyclooxygenase-2 in AGS gastric epithelial cells: mediation by nuclear factor-kappaB. Scand J Gastroenterol 2001;36:706-16
  • El-Omar EM, Carrington M, Chow WH, et al. Interleukin-1 polymorphisms associated with increased risk of gastric cancer. Nature 2000;404:398-402
  • Machado JC, Figueiredo C, Canedo P, et al. A proinflammatory genetic profile increases the risk for chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2003;125:364-71
  • Kamangar F, Cheng C, Abnet CC, et al. Interleukin-1B polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk–a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15:1920-8
  • Wang P, Xia HH, Zhang JY, et al. Association of interleukin-1 gene polymorphisms with gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2007;120:552-62
  • Vincenzi B, Patti G, Galluzzo S, et al. Interleukin 1beta-511T gene (IL1beta) polymorphism is correlated with gastric cancer in the Caucasian population: results from a meta-analysis. Oncol Rep 2008;20:1213-20
  • Camargo MC, Mera R, Correa P, et al. Interleukin-1beta and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphisms and gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15:1674-87

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.