Second line systemic therapy options for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma; a systematic review

References

• Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 2005;55(2):74-108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: www.Globocan.iarc.fr [Last accessed on 25 Jun 2014]
   Google Scholar
• Ramirez AG, Munoz E, Holden AE, et al. Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Texas Latinos, 1995–2010: An Update. PloS One 2014;9(6):e99365
   Google Scholar
• Bruix J, Sherman M. Practice Guidelines Committee, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2005;42:1208-36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llovet JM, Brú C, Bruix J. Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: the BCLC staging classification. Semin Liver Dis 1999;19:329-38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verslype C, Rosmorduc O, Rougier P. Hepatocellular carcinoma: ESMO–ESDO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2012;23(Suppl 7):vii41-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruix J, Raoul JL, et al. Efficacy and safety of sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: subanalyses of a phase III trial. J Hepatol 2012;57(4):821-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng AL, Kang YK, et al. Efficacy and safety of sorafenib in patients in the Asia-Pacific region with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase III randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2009;10(1):25-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen KF, Chen HL, Tai WT, et al. Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway mediates acquired resistance to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011;337(1):155-61
   Google Scholar
• Liang Y, Zheng T, Song R, et al. Hypoxia-mediated sorafenib resistance can be overcome by EF24 through Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor-dependent HIF-1α inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2013;57(5):1847-57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezzoukhry Z, Louandre C, Trécherel E, et al. EGFR activation is a potential determinant of primary resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to sorafenib. Int J Cancer 2012;131(12):2961-9
   Google Scholar
• Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA Statement. J Clin Epidemiol 2009;62(10):1006-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finn RS, Kang YK, Mulcahy M, et al. Phase II, open-label study of brivanib as second-line therapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2012;18(7):2090-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruix J, Tak WY, Gasbarrini A, et al. Regorafenib as second-line therapy for intermediate or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: multicentre, open-label, phase II safety study. Eur J Cancer 2013;49(16):3412-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimassa L, Pressiani T, Boni C, et al. A phase II randomized dose escalation trial of sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncologist 2013;18(4):379-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yau T, Chen PJ, Chan P, et al. Phase I dose-finding study of pazopanib in hepatocellular carcinoma: evaluation of early efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Clin Cancer Res 2011;17(21):6914-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santoro A, Pressiani T, Citterio G, et al. Activity and safety of NGR-hTNF, a selective vascular-targeting agent, in previously treated patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2010;103(6):837-44
   Google Scholar
• Wörns MA, Schuchmann M, Düber C, et al. Sunitinib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma after progression under sorafenib treatment. Oncology 2010;79(1-2):85-92
   Google Scholar
• Llovet JM, Decaens T, Raoul JL, et al. Brivanib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma who were intolerant to sorafenib or for whom sorafenib failed: results from the randomized phase III BRISK-PS Study. J Clin Oncol 2013;31(28):3509-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santoro A, Rimassa L, Borbath I, et al. Tivantinib for second-line treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol 2013;14(1):55-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu AX, Kudo M, Assenat E, et al. Effect of Everolimus on Survival in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Failure of Sorafenib: the EVOLVE-1 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2014;312(1):57-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raoul JL, Finn RS, Kang YK, et al. An open-label phase II study of first-and second-line treatment with brivanib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]. J Clin Oncol 2009;27(Suppl 1):A4577-7
   Google Scholar
• De Rosa F, Agostini V, Di Girolamo S, et al. Metronomic capecitabine as second-line treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with preserved liver function: a phase II study. J Clin Oncol [Meeting Abstracts] 2011;29(15 Suppl):e14608
   Google Scholar
• Chelis L, Deftereos S, Xenidis N, et al. Bevacizumab plus temsirolimus as second-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]. J Clin Oncol [Meeting Abstracts] 2012;30(15 Suppl):e14567
   Google Scholar
• Safran H, Charpentier K, Kaubisch A, et al. Lenalidomide for second-line treatment of advanced hepatocellular cancer [HCC]: a Brown University Oncology Group phase II study. Am J Clin Oncol 2012. [Epub ahead of print]
   Google Scholar
• McNamara M, Le L, Horgan A, et al. A phase II trial of second-line axitinib following prior antiangiogenic therapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]. J Clin Oncol [Meeting Abstracts] 2014;32(15 Suppl):4092
   Google Scholar
• Bitzer M, Ganten TM, Woerns MA, et al. Resminostat in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]: Overall survival subgroup analysis of prognostic factors in the SHELTER trial. J Clin Oncol 2013; suppl: abstract e15088
   Google Scholar
• Cid RP, Esquerdo G, Puertolas T, et al. Bevacizumab [BVZ] as second-line treatment after sorafenib [SFB] progression in patients [pts] with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]. J Clin Oncol, ASCoAnnual Meeting Proceedings 2010;28(15 Suppl):e14619
   Google Scholar
• Brandi G, Fanello S, Piscaglia F, et al. Metronomic capecitabine in advanced patients with hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]: preliminary results. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(18):15163
   Google Scholar
• Yau T, Wong H, Chan P, et al. Phase II study of bevacizumab and erlotinib in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients with sorafenib-refractory disease. Invest New Drugs 2012;30(6):2384-90
   Google Scholar
• Abou-Alfa G, Ma J, O’Reilly E, et al. Retrospective review of doxorubicin plus sorafenib as second-line therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]. J Clin Oncol [Meeting Abstracts] 2012;30(Suppl 4):abstract 298
   Google Scholar
• Balsom SM, Li X, Trolli E, et al. A single-institute experience with sorafenib in untreated and previously treated patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology 2010;78(3-4):210-12
   Google Scholar
• Patrikidou A, Sinapi I, Regnault H, et al. Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma after failure of anti-angiogenic therapies. Invest New Drugs 2014;1-8
   Google Scholar
• Terashima T, Yamashita T, Arai K, et al. Feasibility and efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma after sorafenib. Hepatol Res 2014;44(12):1179-85
   Google Scholar
• Kim JW, Lee JO, Han SW, et al. Clinical outcomes of sorafenib treatment in patients with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma who had been previously treated with fluoropyrimidine plus platinum-based chemotherapy. Am J Clin Oncol 2011;34(2):125-9
   Google Scholar
• Lee JE, Bae SH, Choi JY, et al. Epirubicin, Cisplatin, 5-FU combination chemotherapy in sorafenib-refractory metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20(1):235
   Google Scholar
• Reig M, Rimola J, Torres F, et al. Post progression survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Rationale for second-line trial design. Hepatology 2013;58(6):2023-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shao YY, Wu CH, Lu LC, et al. Prognosis of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma who failed first-line systemic therapy. J Hepatol 2014;60(2):313-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmieri G, Federico P, Ottaviano M, et al. A case series of low-dose sorafenib plus tamoxifen in sorafenib-pretreated patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 32 2014; suppl; abstr e15139
   Google Scholar
• Trojan J, Zeuzem S. Tivantinib in hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013;22(1):141-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Axitinib as Second-line Treatment for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01273662
   Google Scholar
• Efficacy study of pegylated recombinant human arginase 1 as a second-line therapy in patients with advanced liver cancer. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02089763
   Google Scholar
• Study of G-202 as Second-Line Therapy Following Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (G-202-003). Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01777594
   Google Scholar
• Lenalidomide as Second-line Treatment for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01545804
   Google Scholar
• c-Met Second-Line Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02115373
   Google Scholar
• Phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled of the efficacy and safety of CF102 in hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02128958
   Google Scholar
• LDE225 in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Child-Pugh A Cirrhosis. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02151864
   Google Scholar
• A Randomized Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Japanese Phase III Trial of ARQ 197 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) (JET-HCC). Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02029157
   Google Scholar
• Study of Tivantinib in Subjects With Inoperable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Who Have Been Treated With One Prior Therapy (METIV-HCC). Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01755767
   Google Scholar