Protective effects of tea polyphenols and caffeine

References

• Miller DL, Weinstock MA. Nonmelanoma skin cancer in the United States: incidence. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 30, 774–778 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nataraj AJ, Trent JC II, Ananthaswamy HN. p53 gene mutations and photocarcinogenesis. Photochem. Photobiol. 62, 218–230 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mantena SK, Roy AM, Katiyar SK. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits photocarcinogenesis through inhibition of angiogenic factors and activation of CD8+ T-cells in tumors. Photochem. Photobiol. (2005) (In Press).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sporn MB. Carcinogenesis and cancer: different perspectives on the same disease. Cancer Res. 51, 6215–6218 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bode AM, Dong Z. Signal transduction pathways: targets for chemoprevention of skin cancer. Lancet Oncol. 1, 181–188 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• F’Guyer S, Afaq F, Mukhtar H. Photochemoprevention of skin cancer by botanical agents. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 19(2), 56–72 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trevisanato SI, Kim YI. Tea and health. Nutr. Rev. 58, 1–10 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santana-Rios G, Orner GA, Xu M, Izquierdo-Pulido M, Dashwood RH. Inhibition by white tea of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine-induced colonic aberrant crypts in the F344 rat. Nutr. Cancer 41(1–2), 98–103 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie B, Shi H, Chen Q, Ho CT. Antioxidant properties of fractions and polyphenol constituents from green, oolong and black teas. Proc. Natl Sci. Counc. Repub. China B. 17, 77–84 (1993).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Katiyar SK, Mukhtar H. Tea antioxidants in cancer chemoprevention. J. Cell Biochem. (Suppl. 27) 59–67 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• Katiyar SK, Mukhtar H. Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment to mouse skin prevents UVB-induced infiltration of leukocytes, depletion of antigen-presenting cells, and oxidative stress. J. Leukoc. Biol. 69(5), 719–726 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katiyar SK, Ahmad N, Mukhtar H. Green tea and skin. Arch. Dermatol. 136(8), 989–994 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katiyar SK, Afaq F, Perez A, Mukhtar H. Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment of human skin inhibits ultraviolet radiation-induced oxidative stress. Carcinogenesis 22, 287–294 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morley N, Clifford T, Salter L, Campbell S, Gould D, Curnow A. The green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and green tea can protect human cellular DNA from ultraviolet and visible radiation-induced damage. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 21, 15–22 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tobi SE, Gilbert M, Paul N, McMillas TJ. The green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, protects against the oxidative cellular and genotoxic damage of UVA radiation. Int. J. Cancer. 102, 439–444 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Angel P, Karin M. The role of Jun, Fos and the AP-1 complex in cell-proliferation and transformation. Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 1072, 129–157 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barthelman M, Chen W, Gensler HL, Huang C, Dong Z, Bowden GT. Inhibitory effects of perillyl alcohol on UVB-induced murine skin cancer and AP-1 transactivation. Cancer Res. 58, 711–116 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nomura M, Ma WY, Huang C et al. Inhibition of ultraviolet B-induced AP-1 activation by theaflavins from black tea. Mol. Carcinog. 28(3), 148–155 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barthelman M, Bair WB III, Stickland KK et al. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibition of ultraviolet B-induced AP-1 activity. Carcinogenesis 19(12), 2201–2204 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin AS Jr. The NFκB and IκB proteins: new discoveries and insights. Ann. Rev. Immunol. 14, 649–683 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilmore TD. Clinically relevant findings. J. Clin. Invest. 100, 2935–2936 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Afaq F, Adhami VM, Ahmad N, Mukhtar H. Inhibition of ultraviolet B-mediated activation of nuclear factor κB in normal human epidermal keratinocytes by green tea constituent (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Oncogene 22(7), 1035–1044 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulze-Osthoff K, Ferrari D, Riehemann K, Wesselborg S. Regulation of NF-κB activation by MAPK cascades. Immunobiology 198, 35–49 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owuor ED, Kong AN. Antioxidants and oxidants regulated signal transduction pathways. Biochem. Pharmacol. 64, 765–770 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowley S, Paterson H, Kemp P, Marshall CJ. Activation of MAPK kinase is necessary and sufficient for PC12 differentiation and for transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. Cell 77, 841–852 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kallunki T, Su B, Tsigelny I et al. JNK2 contains a specificity-determining region responsible for efficient c-Jun binding and phosphorylation. Genes Dev. 8, 2996–3007 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vayalil PK, Elmets CA, Katiyar SK. Treatment of green tea polyphenols in hydrophilic cream prevents UVB-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins, depletion of antioxidant enzymes and phosphorylation of MAPK proteins in SKH-1 hairless mouse skin. Carcinogenesis 24, 927–936 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afaq F, Ahmad N, Mukhtar H. Suppression of UVB-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor κB by green tea polyphenol in SKH-1 hairless mice. Oncogene 22, 9254–9264 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katiyar SK, Afaq F, Azizuddin K, Mukhtar H. Inhibition of UVB-induced oxidative stress-mediated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes by green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 176, 110–117 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SY, Kim DS, Kwon SB et al. Protective effects of EGCG on UVB-induced damage in living skin equivalents. Arch. Pharm. Res. 28(7), 784–790 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zykova TA, Zhang Y, Zhu F, Bode AM, Dong Z. The signal transduction networks required for phosphorylation of STAT1 at Ser727 in mouse epidermal JB6 cells in the UVB response and inhibitory mechanisms of tea polyphenols. Carcinogenesis 26, 331–342 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bromberg J, Chen X. STAT proteins: signal transducers and activators of transcription. Methods Enzymol. 333, 138–151 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nomura M, Kaji A, He Z et al. Inhibitory mechanisms of tea polyphenols on the ultraviolet B-activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 276(49), 46624–46631 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lu YP, Lou YR, Xie JG et al. Topical applications of caffeine or (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibit carcinogenesis and selectively increase apoptosis in UVB-induced skin tumors in mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 99, 12455–12460 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu YP, Lou YR, Li XH et al. Stimulatory effect of oral administration of green tea or caffeine on ultraviolet light-induced increases in epidermal wild type p53, p21(WAF1/CIP1), and apoptotic sunburn cells in SKH-1 mice. Cancer Res. 60(17), 4785–4791 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin JK, Liang YC, Lin-Shiau SY. Cancer chemoprevention by tea polyphenols through mitotic signal transduction blockade. Biochem. Pharmacol. 58, 911–915 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad N, Cheng P, Mukhtar H. Cell cycle dysregulation by green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 275, 328–334 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujiki H, Suganuma M, Okave S et al. Cancer inhibition by green tea. Mutat. Res. 402, 307–310 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan X, Hu D, Li S, Han Y, Zhang Y, Zhou D. Differences of four catechins in cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in LoVo cells. Cancer Lett. 158, 1–6 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayakawa S, Saeki K, Sazuka M et al. Apoptosis induction by epigallocatechin gallate involves its binding to Fas. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 285, 1102–1106 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nihal M, Ahmad N, Mukhtar H, Wood GS. Antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on human melanoma: possible implications for the chemoprevention of melanoma. Int. J. Cancer. 114(4), 513–521 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meunier LN, Raison-Peyron N, Meynadier J. UV-induced immunosuppression and skin cancers. Rev. Med. Interne. 19, 247–254 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Katiyar SK, Challa A, McCormick TS, Cooper KD, Mukhtar H. Protection of UVB-induced immunosuppression in mice by the green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate may be associated with alteration in IL-10 and IL-12 production. Carcinogenesis 20, 2117–2124 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitt DA, Owen-Schaub L, Ullrich SE. Effect of IL-12 on immune suppression and suppressor cell induction by ultraviolet radiation. J. Immunol. 154, 5114–5120 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang ZY, Huang MT et al. Inhibitory effects of black tea, green tea, decaffeinated black tea, and decaffeinated green tea on ultraviolet B light-induced skin carcinogenesis in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-initiated SKH-1 mice. Cancer Res. 54, 3428–3435 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang MT, Xie JG, Wang ZY et al. Effects of tea, decaffeinated tea, and caffeine on UVB light induced complete carcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice: demonstration of caffeine as a biologically important constituent of tea. Cancer Res. 57, 2623–2629 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lou YR, Lu YP, Xie JG, Huang MT, Conney AH. Effects of oral administration of tea, decaffeinated tea, and caffeine on the formation and growth of tumors in high-risk SKH-1 mice previously treated with ultraviolet B light. Nutr. Cancer 2, 146–153 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Nehlig A, Daval JL, Debry G. Caffeine and the central nervous system: mechanisms of action, biochemical, metabolic and psychostimulant effects. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 17(2), 139–170 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu Y, Lou Y, Lin Y et al. Inhibitory effects of orally administered green tea, black tea, and caffeine on skin carcinogenesis in mice previously treated with ultraviolet B light (high-risk mice). Cancer Res. 61, 5002–5009 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu YP, Lou YR, Li XH et al. Stimulatory effect of topical application of caffeine on UVB-induced apoptosis in mouse skin. Oncol. Res. 13(2), 61–70 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dulloo AG, Duret C, Rohrer D et al. Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70, 1040–1045 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leyton J, Lee ML, Locniskar M et al. Effects of type of dietary fat on phorbol ester-elicited tumor promotion and other events in mouse skin. Cancer Res. 51, 907–915 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashimoto T, He Z, Ma W et al. Caffeine inhibits cell proliferation by G0/G1 phase arrest in JB6 cells. Cancer Res. 64, 3344–3349 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarkaria JN, Busby EC, Tibbets RS et al. Inhibition of ATM and ATR kinase activities by the radiosensitizing agent, caffeine. Cancer Res. 59, 4375–4382 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seville LL, Shah N, Westwell AD, Chan WC. Modulation of pRB/E2F functions in the regulation of cell cycle and in cancer. Curr. Cancer Drug Targets 5(3), 159–170 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu S. Green tea and the skin. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 52(6), 1049–1059 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang CS, Maliakal P, Meng X. Inhibition of carcinogenesis by tea. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 42, 25–54 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou Z, Lambert J, Chin KV, Yang CS. Effects of tea polyphenols on signal transduction pathways related to cancer chemoprevention. Mutat. Res. 555, 3–19 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dvorakova K, Dorr RT, Valcic S, Timmermann B, Alberts DS. Pharmacokinetics of the green tea derivative, EGCG, by the topical route of administration in mouse and human skin. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 43, 331–335 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar