Racial variation in the clinical and economic burden of skeletal-related events among elderly men with stage IV metastatic prostate cancer

References

• Chornokur G , Dalton K , Borysova ME , Kumar NB . Disparities at presentation, treatment, and survival in African American men, affected by prostate cancer. Prostate 2011;71:985-97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marlow NM , Halpern MT , Pavluck AL , et al. Disparities associated with advanced prostate cancer stage at diagnosis. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2010;21(1):112-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borysova M , Sultan D , Chornokur G , et al. Prostate Cancer Disparities throughout the Cancer Control Continuum. Soc Sci 2013;2(4):247-69
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter WR , Howard DL , Taylor YJ , et al. Racial differences in PSA screening interval and stage at diagnosis. Cancer Causes Control 2010;21(7):1071-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell IJ , Bock CH , Ruterbusch JJ , Sakr W . Evidence Supports a Faster Growth Rate and/or Earlier Transformation to Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in Black Than in White American Men, and Influences Racial Progression and Mortality Disparity. J Urol 2010;183(5):1792-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamoah K , Deville C , Vapiwala N , et al. African American men with low-grade prostate cancer have increased disease recurrence after prostatectomy compared with Caucasian men. Urol Oncol 2015;33(2):70.e15-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahal BA , Aizer AA , Ziehr DR , et al. Trends in disparate treatment of African American men with localized prostate cancer across National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk groups. Urology 2014;84(2):386-92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahal BA , Aizer AA , Ziehr DR , et al. Racial disparities in prostate cancer-specific mortality in men with low-risk prostate cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2014;12(5):e189-95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman RM , Gilliland FD , Eley JW , et al. Racial and ethnic differences in advanced-stage prostate cancer: the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001;93(5):388-95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayadevappa R , Malkowicz SB , Chhatre S , et al. Racial and ethnic variation in health resource use and cost for prostate cancer. BJU Int 2010;106(6):801-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chirikos TN , Roetzheim RG , McCarthy EP , Iezzoni LI . Cost disparities in lung cancer treatment by disability status, sex, and race. Disabil Health J 2008;1(2):108-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards BK , Noone AM , Mariotto AB , et al. Annual Report to the Nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2010, featuring prevalence of comorbidity and impact on survival among persons with lung, colorectal, breast, or prostate cancer. Cancer 2014;120(9):1290-314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fizazi K , Carducci M , Smith M , et al. Denosumab versus zoledronic acid for treatment of bone metastases in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer: a randomised, double-blind study. Lancet 2011;377(9768):813-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith MR , Coleman RE , Klotz L , et al. Denosumab for the prevention of skeletal complications in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: comparison of skeletal-related events and symptomatic skeletal events. Ann Oncol 2015;26(2):368-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gartrell BA , Saad F . Managing bone metastases and reducing skeletal related events in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2015;12(1):3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gartrell BA , Saad F . Pathologic fracture in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Curr Opin Urol 2014;24(6):595-600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sartor O , Coleman R , Nilsson S , et al. Effect of radium-223 dichloride on symptomatic skeletal events in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer and bone metastases: results from a phase 3, double-blind, randomised trial. Lancet Oncol 2014;15(7):738-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lage MJ , Barber BL , Harrison DJ , Jun S . The cost of treating skeletal-related events in patients with prostate cancer. Am J Manag Care 2008;14(5):317-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagiwara M , Delea TE , Saville MW , Chung K . Healthcare utilization and costs associated with skeletal-related events in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2013;16(1):23-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayasekera J , Onukwugha E , Bikov K , et al. The economic burden of skeletal-related events among elderly men with metastatic prostate cancer. Pharmacoeconomics 2014;32(2):173-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yong C , Onukwugha E , Mullins CD . Clinical and economic burden of bone metastasis and skeletal-related events in prostate cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 2014;26(3):274-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barlev A , Song X , Ivanov B , et al. Payer costs for inpatient treatment of pathologic fracture, surgery to bone, and spinal cord compression among patients with multiple myeloma or bone metastasis secondary to prostate or breast cancer. J Manag Care Pharm 2010;16(9):693-702
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sathiakumar N , Delzell E , Morrisey MA , et al. Mortality following bone metastasis and skeletal-related events among men with prostate cancer: a population-based analysis of US Medicare beneficiaries, 1999-2006. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2011;14(2):177-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norgaard M , Jensen AO , Jacobsen JB , et al. Skeletal related events, bone metastasis and survival of prostate cancer: a population based cohort study in Denmark (1999 to 2007). J Urol 2010;184(1):162-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onukwugha E , Yong C , Mullins CD , et al. Skeletal-related events and mortality among older men with advanced prostate cancer. J Geriatr Oncol 2014;5(3):281-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felix J , Andreozzi V , Soares M , et al. Hospital resource utilization and treatment cost of skeletal-related events in patients with metastatic breast or prostate cancer: estimation for the Portuguese National Health System. Value Health 2011;14(4):499-505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roghmann F , Antczak C , McKay RR , et al. The burden of skeletal-related events in patients with prostate cancer and bone metastasis. Urologic Oncology. 2015;33(1):17 e9-8
   Google Scholar
• National Cancer Institute - Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results. Bethesda: NCI 2013. Available from: http://seer.cancer.gov/registries [Last accessed 29 December 2014]
   Google Scholar
• Smith SW , Sato M , Gore SD , et al. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents are not associated with increased risk of thrombosis in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Haematologica 2012;97(1):15-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Measuring price change for medical care in the CPI. Washington DC: BLS. 2010. Available from: www.bls.gov/cpi/cpifact4.htm [Last accessed 19 December 2013]
   Google Scholar
• Austin PC . An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies. Multivariate Behav Res 2011;46(3):399-424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brookhart MA , Schneeweiss S , Rothman KJ , et al. Variable selection for propensity score models. Am J Epidemiol 2006;163(12):1149-56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergstralh EJ , Kosanke JL . Computerized matching of controls. Section of Biostatistics Technical Report 56. Rochester, MN: Mayo Foundation; 1995
   Google Scholar
• Glick HA , Doshi JA , Sonnad SS , Polsky D . Economic Evaluation in Clinical Trials. Handbooks in Health Economic Evaluation Series. New York, USA: Oxford University Press Inc; 2007
   Google Scholar
• McCullagh P , Nelder JA . Generalized Linear Models. 2 ed. London: Chapman & Hall/CRC; 1989
   Google Scholar
• Saad F , Gleason DM , Murray R , et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of zoledronic acid in patients with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94(19):1458-68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith MR , Egerdie B , Toriz NH , et al. Denosumab in men receiving androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 2009;361(8):745-55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith MR , McGovern FJ , Zietman AL , et al. Pamidronate to prevent bone loss during androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 2001;345(13):948-55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith MR , Eastham J , Gleason DM , et al. Randomized controlled trial of zoledronic acid to prevent bone loss in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer. J Urol 2003;169(6):2008-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenbaum PR , Rubin DB . Constructing a control group using multivariate matched sampling methods that incorporate the propensity score. Am Stat 1985;39(1):33-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinfurt KP , Li Y , Castel LD , et al. The significance of skeletal-related events for the health-related quality of life of patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2005;16(4):579-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saad F , Lipton A , Cook R , et al. Pathologic fractures correlate with reduced survival in patients with malignant bone disease. Cancer 2007;110(8):1860-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayadevappa R , Chhatre S , Weiner M , et al. Medical care cost of patients with prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2005;23(3):155-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahal BA , Ziehr DR , Aizer AA , et al. Racial disparities in an aging population: the relationship between age and race in the management of African American men with high-risk prostate cancer. J Geriatr Oncol 2014;5(4):352-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahal BA , Ziehr DR , Aizer AA , et al. Getting back to equal: the influence of insurance status on racial disparities in the treatment of African American men with high-risk prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2014;32(8):1285-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziehr DR , Mahal BA , Aizer AA , et al. Income inequality and treatment of African American men with high-risk prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2015;33(1):18 e7-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreiber D , Chen S-C , Rineer J , et al. Racial and socioeconomic disparities in the selection of prostate brachytherapy. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2013;5(3):139-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shavers VL , Brown ML . Racial and ethnic disparities in the receipt of cancer treatment. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94(5):334-57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antczak C , Trinh VQ , Sood A , et al. The health care burden of skeletal related events in patients with renal cell carcinoma and bone metastasis. J Urol 2014;191(6):1678-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terpos E , Berenson J , Cook RJ , et al. Prognostic variables for survival and skeletal complications in patients with multiple myeloma osteolytic bone disease. Leukemia 2010;24(5):1043-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Overview of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). Available from: www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/nisoverview.jsp [Last accessed 16 December 2014]
   Google Scholar
• Cauley JA , Fullman RL , Stone KL , et al. Factors associated with the lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density in older men. Osteoporos Int 2005;16(12):1525-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall LM , Zmuda JM , Chan BK , et al. Race and ethnic variation in proximal femur structure and BMD among older men. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(1):121-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei JT , Gross M , Jaffe CA , et al. Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer results in significant loss of bone density. Urology 1999;54(4):607-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenspan SL , Coates P , Sereika SM , et al. Bone loss after initiation of androgen deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90(12):6410-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skolarus TA , Caram MV , Shahinian VB . Androgen-deprivation-associated bone disease. Curr Opin Urol 2014;24(6):601-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahinian VB , Kuo YF , Freeman JL , Goodwin JS . Risk of fracture after androgen deprivation for prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 2005;352(2):154-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bach PB , Pham HH , Schrag D , et al. Primary care physicians who treat blacks and whites. N Engl J Med 2004;351(6):575-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandeis J , Pashos CL , Henning JM , Litwin MS . Racial Differences in the Cost of Treating Men with Early-Stage Prostate Cancer. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49(3):297-303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delea T , Langer C , McKiernan J , et al. The cost of treatment of skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastases from lung cancer. Oncology 2004;67(5/6):390-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliver MN , Stukenborg GJ . Race and the likelihood of localized prostate cancer at diagnosis among men in 4 southeastern states. J Natl Med Assoc 2009;101(8):750-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassett MJ , Ritzwoller DP , Taback N , et al. Validating billing/encounter codes as indicators of lung, colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer recurrence using 2 large contemporary cohorts. Med Care 2014;52(10):e65-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onukwugha E , Yong C , Hussain A , et al. Concordance between administrative claims and registry data for identifying metastasis to the bone: an exploratory analysis in prostate cancer. BMC Med Res Methodol 2014;14(1):1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuen KK , Shelley M , Sze WM , et al. Bisphosphonates for advanced prostate cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006(4):CD006250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scher HI , Halabi S , Tannock I , et al. Design and end points of clinical trials for patients with progressive prostate cancer and castrate levels of testosterone: recommendations of the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(7):1148-59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seal B , Sullivan SD , Ramsey SD , et al. Comparing Hospital-Based Resource Utilization and Costs for Prostate Cancer Patients With and Without Bone Metastases. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 2014;12(5):547-57
   PubMedGoogle Scholar