References
- Papers of special note have been highlighted as:
- • of interest
- •• of considerable interest
- Nieuwlaat R, Wilczynski N, Navarro T, et al. Interventions for enhancing medication adherence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;11:CD000011.
• This systematic review included RCTs of interventions intended to enhance patient adherence to prescribed medications. It revealed that only a minority of lowest risk of bias RCTs improved both adherence and clinical outcomes.
- Haynes RB, Ackloo E, Sahota N, et al. Interventions for enhancing medication adherence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;2:CD000011.
- van Boven JF, Chavannes NH, van der Molen T, et al. Clinical and economic impact of non-adherence in COPD: a systematic review. Respir Med. 2014;108(1):103–113.
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- Mbuagbaw L, Sivaramalingam B, Navarro T, et al. Interventions for enhancing adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART): a systematic review of high quality studies. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2015;29(5):248–266.
- Al-Aqeel S, Al-Sabhan J. Strategies for improving adherence to antiepileptic drug treatment in patients with epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;1:CD008312.
- Schedlbauer A, Davies P, Fahey T. Interventions to improve adherence to lipid lowering medication. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;3:CD004371.
- Iuga AO, McGuire MJ. Adherence and health care costs. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2014;7:35–44.
• This review provided extensive discussion on the magnitude of nonadherence to medications and its associated costs in the context of the US health system.
- IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics. Avoidable costs in US health care. The $200 billion opportunity from using medicines more responsibly [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2015 Nov 15]. Available from: http://www.imshealth.com/en/thought-leadership/ims-institute/reports/avoidable-costs.
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- Mathes T, Pieper D, Antoine SL, et al. Cost-effectiveness of adherence interventions for highly active antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2013;29(3):227–233.
• This review focuses on the cost-effectiveness of interventions targeted at improving adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy. It argues that although favorable ICERs were estimated, a definitive conclusion cannot be derived due to limited quality of the methodologies applied.
- Chapman RH, Kowal SL, Cherry SB, et al. The modeled lifetime cost-effectiveness of published adherence-improving interventions for antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medications. Value Health. 2010;13(6):685–694.
• This systematic review analyzed the relative cost-effectiveness of various interventions and revealed that reminders, educational materials and a pharmacist/nurse management program, appear to be and should be considered before other interventions.
- Oberje EJ, De Kinderen RJ, Evers SM, et al. Cost effectiveness of medication adherence-enhancing interventions: a systematic review of trial-based economic evaluations. Pharmacoeconomics. 2013;31(12):1155–1168.
•• A valuable systematic review that examined the cost-effectiveness of RCT-based interventions to improve adherence to medications. The authors evaluated the studies’ quality as modest and reffered to their narrow economic perspectives, thus recommended to apply more comprehensive economic evaluations.
- Altowaijri A, Phillips CJ, Fitzsimmons D. A systematic review of the clinical and economic effectiveness of clinical pharmacist intervention in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. J Manag Care Pharm. 2013;19(5):408–416.
- Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health. The Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry [Internet]. (Boston), Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center. Available from: www.cearegistry.org.
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- Connolly MP, Kuyvenhoven JP, Postma MJ, et al. Cost and quality-adjusted life year differences in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis using once-daily 4 g or twice-daily 2g mesalazine dosing. J Crohns Colitis. 2014;8(5):357–362.
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- Brunenberg DE, Wetzels GE, Nelemans PJ, et al. Cost effectiveness of an adherence-improving programme in hypertensive patients. Pharmacoeconomics. 2007;25(3):239–251.
- McCabe CJ, Goldie SJ, Fisman DN. The cost-effectiveness of directly observed highly-active antiretroviral therapy in the third trimester in HIV-infected pregnant women. PLoS One. 2010;5(4):e10154.
- Ownby RL, Waldrop-Valverde D, Jacobs RJ, et al. Cost effectiveness of a computer-delivered intervention to improve HIV medication adherence. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2013;13:29.
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- Babigumira JB, Sethi AK, Smyth KA, et al. Cost effectiveness of facility-based care, home-based care and mobile clinics for provision of antiretroviral therapy in Uganda. Pharmacoeconomics. 2009;27(11):963–973.
- Rosen AB, Spaulding AB, Greenberg D, et al. Patient adherence: a blind spot in cost-effectiveness analyses? Am J Manag Care. 2009;15(9):626–632.
- Sabaté E. Adherence to long-term therapies: evidence for action. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003.
• This comprehensive overview of sources of non-adherence provides the theoretical basis for the design of adherence-enhancing interventions.
- Bodenheimer T, Wagner EH, Grumbach K. Improving primary care for patients with chronic illness. Jama. 2002;288(14):1775–1779.
- Ramsey SD, Willke RJ, Glick H, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis alongside clinical trials II-An ISPOR Good Research Practices Task Force report. Value Health. 2015;18(2):161–172.
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- Choudhry NK, Saya UY, Shrank WH, et al. Cost-related medication underuse: prevalence among hospitalized managed care patients. J Hosp Med. 2012;7(2):104–109.
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- Kemp A, Roughead E, Preen D, et al. Determinants of self-reported medicine underuse due to cost: a comparison of seven countries. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2010;15(2):106–114.
- Guessous I, Gaspoz JM, Theler JM, et al. High prevalence of forgoing healthcare for economic reasons in Switzerland: a population-based study in a region with universal health insurance coverage. Prev Med. 2012;55(5):521–527.
- Briesacher BA, Gurwitz JH, Soumerai SB. Patients at-risk for cost-related medication nonadherence: a review of the literature. J Gen Intern Med. 2007;22(6):864–871.
- Chernew ME, Rosen AB, Fendrick AM. Value-based insurance design. Health Aff (Millwood). 2007;26(2):w195–203.
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- Fendrick AM, Smith DG, Chernew ME, et al. A benefit-based copay for prescription drugs: patient contribution based on total benefits, not drug acquisition cost. Am J Manag Care. 2001;7(9):861–867.
- Choudhry NK, Fischer MA, Avorn J, et al. The implications of therapeutic complexity on adherence to cardiovascular medications. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(9):814–822.
- Bell CM, Urbach DR, Ray JG, et al. Bias in published cost effectiveness studies: systematic review. BMJ. 2006;332(7543):699–703.