Cost–effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy for secondary stroke prevention

References

• Mackay J, Mensah GA, The atlas of heart disease and stroke. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (2004).
   Google Scholar
• American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2007 update. Circulation115, E104 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Albers GW. Choice of endpoints in antiplatelet trials. Which outcomes are most relevant to stroke patients? Neurology54, 1022–1028 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis M, Bamford J, Sandercock P, Warlow C. The prognosis of transient ischemic attacks in the community. The Oxfordshire Community Stroke project. Stroke21, 848–853 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petty GW, Brown RD Jr, Whisnant JP, Sicks JD, O’Fallon WM, Wiebers DO. Ischemic stroke subtypes: a population-based study of functional outcome, survival, and recurrence. Stroke31, 1062–1068 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schober A, Weber C. Mechanisms of monocyte recruitment in vascular repair after injury. Antioxid. Redox. Signal.9–10, 1249–1257 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Wang K, Zhou X, Zhou Z et al. Platelet, not endothelial, P-selectin is required for neointimal formation after vascular injury. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.8, 1584–1589 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Diener HC, Bogousslavsky J, Brass LM, MATCH investigators. Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone after recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in high-risk patients (MATCH): randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet364, 331–337 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhatt DL, Fox KA, Hacke W et al. Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. N. Engl. J. Med.354, 1706–1717 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener HC, Cunha L, Forbes C, Sivenius J, Smets P, Lowenthal A. European stroke prevention study. 2. Dipyridamole and acetylsalicylic acid in the secondary prevention of stroke. J. Neurol. Sci.143, 1–13 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ESPRIT Study Group, Halkes PH, van Gijn J, Kappelle LJ, Koudstaal PJ, Algra A. Aspirin plus dipyridamole versus aspirin alone after cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin (ESPRIT): randomised controlled trial. Lancet367, 1665–1673 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacco RL, Adams R, Albers G et al. Guidelines for prevention of stroke in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: co-sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Stroke37, 577–617 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson SC, Nguyen-Huynh MN, Schwarz ME et al. National Stroke Association guidelines for management of transient ischemic attacks. Ann. Neurol.60, 301–313 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener HC, Sacco R, Yusuf S, For the steering committee and PRoFESS Study Group. Rationale, design and baseline data of a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial comparing two antithrombotic regimens and telmisartan vs. placebo in patients with strokes: the prevention regimen for effectively avoiding second strokes (PRoFESS) trial. J. Neurol.23, 368–380 (2007).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CAPRIE steering committee. A randomized, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet348, 1329–1339 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaher C, Schloss S, George D et al. Characterization of ischemic events and use of prescription antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents after stroke or transient ischemic attack. J. Stroke Cereb. Dis.4, 145–151 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Wolf PA, D’Agostino RB. Epidemiology of stroke. In: Stroke (3rd Edition).Barnett HJM, Mohr JP, Stein BM, Yatsu FM (Eds). Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, PA, USA (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Rosamond WD, Folsom AR, Chambless LE et al. Stroke incidence and survival among middle-aged adults: 9-year follow-up of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort. Stroke30, 736–743 (1990).
   Google Scholar
• Burn J, Dennis M, Bamford J et al. Long-term risk of recurrent stroke after a first ever stroke. The Oxfordshire community stroke project. Stroke159, 1248–1253 (1994).
   Google Scholar
• Samsa GP, Bian J, Lipscomb J, Matchar D. Epidemiology of recurrent cerebral infarction: a Medicare claims-based comparison of first and recurrent strokes on 2-year survival and cost. Stroke30, 338–349 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Red Book 2006 110th Edition.. Medical Economics Company, Inc., Montvale, NJ, USA (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Schleinitz MD, Weiss JP, Owens DK. Clopidogrel versus aspirin for secondary prophylaxis of vascular events: a cost–effectiveness analysis. Am. J. Med.11, 797–806 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Albers GW. Antithrombotic therapy for prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke. J. Thromb. Thrombolysis12, 19–22 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serebruany VL, Malinin AI, Sane DC, Takserman A, Atar D, Hennekens CH. Magnitude and time course of platelet inhibition with Aggrenox and aspirin in patients after ischemic stroke. The AGgrenox versus Aspirin Therapy Evaluation (AGATE) Trial. Eur. J. Pharm.499, 315–324 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akinboboye OO, Idris O, Chou RL, Sciacca RR, Cannon PJ, Bergmann SR. Absolute quantitation of coronary steal induced by intravenous dipyridamole. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.37, 109–116 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisert WG. Near-field amplification of antithrombotic effects of dipyridamole through vessel wall cells. Neurology57, S20–S23 (2001).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iuliano L, Pedersen JZ, Rotilio G, Ferro D, Violi F. A potent chain-breaking antioxidant activity of the cardiovascular drug dipyridamole. Free Radic. Biol. Med.18, 239–247 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neri Serneri GG, Masotti G, Poggesi L, Galanti G, Morettini A. Enhanced prostacyclin production by dipyridamole in man. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol.21, 9–15 (1981).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bult H, Fret HRL, Jordaens FH, Herman AG. Dipyridamole potentiates the anti-aggregating and vasodilator activity of nitric oxide. Eur. J. Pharmacol.199, 1–8 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theis JGW, Deichsel G, Marshall S. Rapid development of tolerance to dipyridamole-associated headaches. Br. J. Clin Pharmacol.48, 750–755 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah H, Gondek K, Aspirin plus extended-release dipyridamole or clopidogrel compared with aspirin monotherapy for the prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke: a cost–effectiveness analysis. Clin Ther.22, 362–370 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matchar DB, Samsa GP, Liu S, Cost–effectiveness of antiplatelet agents in secondary stroke prevention: the limits of certainty. Value Health8, 572–580 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones L, Griffin S, Palmer S et al. Clinical effectiveness and cost–effectiveness of clopidogrel and modified-release dipyridamole in the secondary prevention of occlusive vascular events: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol. Assess.8, 1–196 (2004).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marissal JP, Selke B. Economic assessment of the secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke with dipyridamole plus aspirin (Aggrenox/Asasantin) in France. Pharmacoeconomics22, 661–670 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson ES, Lanes SF, Wentworth CE III et al. A metaregression of the dose–response effect of aspirin on stroke. Arch. Intern. Med.159, 1248–1253 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar