Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder: a systematic review

References

• Marks IM, Gelder MG. Different ages of onset in varieties of phobias. Am. J. Psychiatry123(2), 218–221 (1966).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC, USA (1980).
   Google Scholar
• Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry62(6), 617–627 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katzelnick DJ, Kobak KA, DeLeire T et al. Impact of generalized social anxiety disorder in managed care. Am. J. Psychiatry158(12), 1999–2007 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittchen H, Beloch E. The impact of social phobia on quality of life. International Clinical Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol.11(Suppl. 3), 15–23 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O et al. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry62(6), 593–602 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein DJ, Hunter B, Rolfe T. Paroxetine in social anxiety disorder: a remission analysis. Presented at: 15th ECNP Congress. Barcelona, Spain, 5–9 October 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Stein MB, Chartier MJ, Hazen AL et al. A direct-interview family study of generalized social phobia. Am. J. Psychiatry155(1), 90–97 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson EC, Grant JD, Bucholz KK et al. Social phobia in a population-based female adolescent twin sample: co-morbidity and associated suicide-related symptoms. Psychol. Med.30(4), 797–804 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gould RA, Buckminister S, Pollack MH, Otto MW, Yap L. Cognitive–behavioral and pharmacological treatments of social phobia. Clin. Psychol. Sci. Prac.4(4), 291–306 (1997).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fedoroff IC, Taylor S. Psychological and pharmacological treatments of social phobia. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.21(3), 311–324 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballenger JC, Davidson JR, Lecrubier Y et al. Consensus statement on social anxiety disorder from the international consensus group on depression and anxiety. J. Clin. Psychiatry59(Suppl. 17), 54–60 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandelow B, Zohar J, Hollander E, Kasper S, Moller HJ. WFSBP task force on treatment guidelines for anxiety O-CaPSD. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders. World J. Biol. Psychiatry3(4), 171–199 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Furmark T, Tillfors M, Marteinsdottir I et al. Common changes in cerebral blood flow in patients with social phobia treated with citalopram or cognitive–behavioral therapy. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry59(5), 425–433 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyrer P, Candy J, Kelly D. A study of the clinical effects of phenelzine and placebo in the treatment of phobic anxiety. Psychopharmacologia32(3), 237–254 (1973).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorman JM, Gorman LK. Drug treatment of social phobia. J. Affect. Disord.13(2), 183–192 (1987).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Versiani M, Nardi AE, Mundim FD et al. Pharmacotherapy of social phobia. A controlled study with moclobemide and phenelzine. Br. J. Psychiatry161, 353–360 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson JR, Ford SM, Smith RD, Potts NL. Long-term treatment of social phobia with clonazepam. J. Clin. Psychiatry52(Suppl. 1), 16–20 (1991).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van der Linden GJ, Stein DJ, van Balkom AJ. The efficacy of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for social anxiety disorder (social phobia): a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol.15 (Suppl. 2), 15–24 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Vliet IM, den Boer JA, Westenberg HG. Psychopharmacological treatment of social phobia: clinical and biochemical effects of brofaromine, a selective MAO-A inhibitor. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol.2(1), 21–29 (1992).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barnett SD, Kramer ML, Casat CD, Connor KM, Davidson JR. Efficacy of olanzapine in social anxiety disorder: a pilot study. J. Psychopharmacol. (Oxford)16(4), 365–368 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein DJ, Stein MB, Pitts CD, Kumar R, Hunter B. Predictors of response to pharmacotherapy in social anxiety disorder: an analysis of 3 placebo-controlled paroxetine trials. J. Clin. Psychiatry63(2), 152–155 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liebowitz MR, Gorman JM, Fyer AJ, Klein DF. Social phobia. Review of a neglected anxiety disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry42(7), 729–736 (1985).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson JR. Pharmacotherapy of social anxiety disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry59(Suppl. 17), 47–51 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Blanco C, Antia SX, Liebowitz MR. Pharmacotherapy of social anxiety disorder. Biol. Psychiatry51(1), 109–120 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedges DW, Brown BL, Shwalb DA, Godfrey K, Larcher AM. The efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in adult social anxiety disorder: a meta-analysis of double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. J. Psychopharmacol. (Oxford)21(1), 102–111 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanco C, Schneier FR, Schmidt A et al. Pharmalogical treatment of social anxiety disorder: a meta-analysis. Depress. Anxiety18, 29–40 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins JPT, Green S. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 4.2.6. Updated September 2006. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Robinson KA, Dickersin K. Development of a highly sensitive search strategy for the retrieval of reports of controlled trials using PubMed. Int. J. Epidemiol.31(1), 150–153 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organisation. The ICD-9 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. World Health Organisation (Ed.), Geneva, Switzerland (1975).
   Google Scholar
• Guy W. ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology. US National Institute of Health, Washington, DC, USA (1976).
   Google Scholar
• Liebowitz MR. Social phobia. Mod. Probl. Pharmacopsychiatry22, 141–173 (1987).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heimberg RG, Horner KJ, Juster HR et al. Psychometric properties of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Psychol. Med.29(1), 199–212 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr.23, 56–62 (1960).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montgomery SA, Asberg M. A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br. J. Psychiatry134, 382–389 (1979).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheehan DV, Harnett-Sheehan K, Raj BA. The measurement of disability. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol.11(Suppl. 3), 89–95 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moncrieff J, Churchill R, Drummond DC, McGuire H. Development of a quality assessment instrument for trials of treatments for depression and neurosis. Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res.10(3), 126–133 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Verbeke M, Molenberghs G. Linear Mixed Models for Longitudinal Data. Springer, NY, USA (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Lott M, Greist JH, Jefferson JW et al. Brofaromine for social phobia: a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.17(4), 255–260 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song F, Eastwood AJ, Gilbody S, Duley L, Sutton AJ. Publication and related biases. Health Technol. Assess.4, 1–115 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Begg C, Cooper H, Hedges L. Publication bias. In: The Handbook of Research Synthesis. Russell Sage Foundation, NY, USA, 339–356 (1994).
   Google Scholar
• Deeks J, Higgins J, Altman D. Cochrane Reviewers’ Handbook 4.2.5. Updated May 2005. The Cochrane Library (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Higgins JT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. Br. Med. J.327(6), 557–560 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deeks JJ, Altman DG, Bradburn MJ. Statistical methods for examining heterogeneity and combining results from several studies in meta-analysis. In: Systematic Reviews in Health Care: Meta-Analysis in Context, 2nd Edition. BMJ, London, UK (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Als-Nielsen B, Chen W, Gluud C, Kjaergard LL. Association of funding and conclusions in randomized drug trials – a reflection of treatment effect or adverse events? J. Am. Med. Assoc.290, 921–928 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker CB, Johnsrud MT, Crismon ML, Rosenheck RA, Woods SW. Quantitative analysis of sponsorship bias in economic studies of antidepressants. Br. J. Psychiatry183, 498–506 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pande AC, Davidson JR, Jefferson JW et al. Treatment of social phobia with gabapentin: a placebo-controlled study. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.19(4), 341–348 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blomhoff S, Haug TT, Hellstrom K et al. Randomised controlled general practice trial of sertraline, exposure therapy and combined treatment in generalised social phobia. Br. J. Psychiatry179, 23–30 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katzelnick DJ, Kobak KA, Greist JH et al. Sertraline for social phobia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Am. J. Psychiatry152(9), 1368–1371 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Ameringen M, Mancini C, Oakman J et al. Nefazodone in the treatment of generalized social phobia: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J. Clin. Psychiatry68(2), 288–295 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muehlbacher M, Nickel MK, Nickel C et al. Mirtazapine treatment of social phobia in women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.25(6), 580–583 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furmark T, Appel L, Michelgard A et al. Cerebral blood flow changes after treatment of social phobia with the neurokinin-1 antagonist GR205171, citalopram, or placebo. Biol. Psychiatry58(2), 132–142 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark DB, Agras WS. The assessment and treatment of performance anxiety in musicians. Am. J. Psychiatry148(5), 598–605 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner S, Beidel DC, Jacob RG. Social phobia: a comparison of behaviour therapy and atenolol. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol.62(2), 350–358 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liebowitz MR, Schneier F, Campeas R et al. Phenelzine vs atenolol in social phobia: a placebo-controlled comparison. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry49(4), 290–300 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allgulander C, Mangano R, Zhang J et al. Efficacy of venlafaxine ER in patients with social anxiety disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparison with paroxetine. Hum. Psychopharmacol.19(6), 387–396 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liebowitz MR, Mangano RM, Bradwejn J, Asnis G, Group SADS. A randomized controlled trial of venlafaxine extended release in generalized social anxiety disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry66(2), 238–247 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lader M, Stender K, Burger V, Nil R. Efficacy and tolerability of escitalopram in 12- and 24-week treatment of social anxiety disorder: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose study. Depress. Anxiety19(4), 241–248 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein MB, Pollack MH, Bystritsky A, Kelsey JE, Mangano RM. Efficacy of low and higher dose extended-release venlafaxine in generalized social anxiety disorder: a 6-month randomized controlled trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl.)177(3), 280–288 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heimberg RG, Liebowitz MR, Hope DA et al. Cognitive behavioural group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12 week outcome. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry55(12), 1133–1141 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fahlen T, Nilsson H, Borg K, Humble M, Pauli U. Social phobia: the clinical efficacy and tolerability of the monoamine oxidase-A and serotonin uptake inhibitor brofaromine. A double-blind placebo-controlled study. Acta Psychiatr. Scand.92(5), 351–358 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katschnig K, Stein MB, Buller R. Moclobemide in social phobia. A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci.247(2), 71–80 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noyes R Jr, Moroz G, Davidson JR et al. Moclobemide in social phobia: a controlled dose response trial. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.17(4), 247–254 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oosterbaan DB, van Balkom AJLM, Spinhoven P, van Oppen P, van Dyck R. Cognitive therapy versus moclobemide in social phobia: a controlled study. Clin. Psychol. Psychother.8, 263–273 (2001).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneier FR, Goetz D, Campeas R et al. Placebo-controlled trial of moclobemide in social phobia. Br. J. Psychiatry172, 70–77 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein DJ, Cameron A, Amrein R, Montgomery SA. Moclobemide is effective and well tolerated in the long-term pharmacotherapy of social anxiety disorder with or without comorbid anxiety disorder. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol.17(4), 161–170 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasper S, Stein DJ, Loft H, Nil R. Escitalopram in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: randomised, placebo-controlled, flexible-dosage study. Br. J. Psychiatry186, 222–226 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson JRT, Foa EB, Huppert JD et al. Fluoxetine, comprehensive cogntive behavioral therapy, and placebo in generalised social phobia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry61, 1005–1013 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobak KA, Greist JH, Jefferson JW, Katzelnick DJ. Fluoxetine in social phobia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.22(3), 257–262 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asakura S, Tajima O, Koyama T. Fluvoxamine treatment of generalized social anxiety disorder in Japan: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol.10(2), 263–267 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson J, Yaryura-Tobias J, DuPont R et al. Fluvoxamine-controlled release formulation for the treatment of generalized social anxiety disorder. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.24(2), 118–125 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein MB, Fyer AJ, Davidson JR, Pollack MH, Wiita B. Fluvoxamine treatment of social phobia (social anxiety disorder): a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am. J. Psychiatry156(5), 756–760 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Vliet IM, den Boer JA, Westenberg HG. Psychopharmacological treatment of social phobia; a double blind placebo controlled study with fluvoxamine. Psychopharmacology (Berl.)115(1–2), 128–134 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westenberg HGM, Stein DJ, Yang H, Li D, Barbato LM. A double-blind placebo-controlled study of controlled release fluvoxamine for the treatment of generalized social anxiety disorder. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.24(1), 49–55 (2005).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allgulander C. Paroxetine in social social anxiety disorder: a randomised placebo-controlled study. Acta Psychiatr. Scand.100(3), 193–198 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin D, Bobes J, Stein DJ, Scharwaechter I, Faure M. Paroxetine in social phobia/social anxiety disorder. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Br. J. Psychiatry175, 120–126 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liebowitz MR, Stein MB, Tancer M et al. A randomized, double-blind, fixed-dose comparison of paroxetine and placebo in the treatment of generalized social anxiety disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry63(1), 66–74 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lepola U, Bergtholdt B, St Lambert J, Davy KL, Ruggiero L. Controlled-release paroxetine in the treatment of patients with social anxiety disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry65(2), 222–229 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randall CL, Johnson MR, Thevos AK et al. Paroxetine for social anxiety and alcohol use in dual-diagnosed patients. Depress. Anxiety14(4), 255–262 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein MB, Chartier MJ, Hazen AL et al. Paroxetine in the treatment of generalized social phobia: open-label treatment and double-blind placebo-controlled discontinuation. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.16(3), 218–222 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar R, Pitts C, Carpenter D. Response to paroxetine is maintained during continued treatment in patients with social anxiety disorder. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol.9(Suppl. 5), S312 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Stein MB, Liebowitz MR, Lydiard RB et al. Paroxetine treatment of generalized social phobia (social anxiety disorder): a randomized controlled trial. J. Am. Med. Assoc.280(8), 708–713 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liebowitz MR, DeMartinis N, Weihs KL et al. Efficacy of sertraline in severe generalized social anxiety disorder: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J. Clin. Psychiatry64(7), 785–792 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Ameringen MA, Lane RM, Walker JR et al. Sertraline treatment of generalised social phobia: a 20-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am. J. Psychiatry158(2), 275–281 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liebowitz MR, Gelenberg AJ, Munjack D. Venlafaxine extended release vs placebo and paroxetine in social anxiety disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry62(2), 190–198 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rickels K, Mangano R, Khan A. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a flexible dose of venlafaxine ER in adult outpatients with generalized social anxiety disorder. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.24(5), 488–496 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Vliet IM, den Boer JA, Westenberg HG, Pian KL. Clinical effects of busiprone in social phobia: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. J. Clin. Psychiatry58(4), 164–168 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connor KM, Davidson JR, Potts NL et al. Discontinuation of clonazepam in the treatment of social phobia. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.18(5), 373–378 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson JR, Potts N, Richichi E et al. Treatment of social phobia with clonazepan and placebo. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.13(6), 423–428 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang W, Connor KM, Davidson JR. Levetiracetam in social phobia: a placebo controlled pilot study. J. Psychopharmacol. (Oxford)19(5), 551–553 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pande A, Feltner D, Jefferson J et al. Efficacy of the novel anxiolytic pregabalin in social anxiety disorder: a placebo-controlled, multicenter study. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.24(2), 141–149 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montgomery SA, Nil R, Durr-Pal N, Loft H, Boulenger JP. A 24-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of escitalopram for the prevention of generalized social anxiety disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry66(10), 1270–1278 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein DJ, Versiani M, Hair T, Kumar R. Efficacy of paroxetine for relapse prevention in social anxiety disorder: a 24-week study. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry59(12), 1111–1118 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James IM, Burgoyne W, Savage IT. Effect on pindolol on stress-related disturbances of musical performance: preliminary communication. J. R. Soc. Med.76(3), 194–196 (1983).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golden R. Efficacy and tolerability of controlled-release paroxetine. Psychopharmacol. Bull.37(Suppl. 1), 176–186 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Versiani M, Nardi AE, Figueira I, Mendlowicz M, Marques C. Double-blind placebo controlled trial with bromazepam in social phobia. J. Bras. Psiquiatr.46(3), 167–171 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• Allsopp LF, Cooper GL, Poole PH. Clomipramine and diazepam in the treatment of agoraphobia and social phobia in general practice. Curr. Med. Res. Opin.9(1), 64–70 (1984).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montgomery SA, Lecrubier Y, Baldwin D et al. ECNP Consensus Meeting, March 2003. Guidelines for the investigation of efficacy in social anxiety disorder. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol.14, 425–433 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lincoln TM, Rief W. How much do sample characteristics affect the effect size? An investigation of studies testing the treatment effects for social phobia. J. Anxiety Disord.18(4), 515–529 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneier FR, Blanco C, Campeas R et al. Citalopram treatment of social anxiety disorder with comorbid major depression. Depress. Anxiety17(4), 191–196 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein MB, Sareen J, Hami S, Chao J. Pindolol potentiation of paroxetine for generalized social phobia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Am. J. Psychiatry158(10), 1725–1727 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nemeroff CB, Entsuah R, Benattia I et al. Comprehensive Analysis of Remission (COMPARE) with venlafaxine versus SSRIs. Biol. Psychiatry PMID:17888885 (2007) (Epub ahead of print).
   Google Scholar
• Versiani M, Amrein R, Montgomery S. Social phobia: long-term treatment outcome and prediction of response – a moclobemide study. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol.12(5), 239–254 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oosterbaan D, van Balkom A, Spinhoven, van Dyk R. Cognitive behavior therapy versus moclobemide in social phobia. Presented at: WPA Thematic Conference. Jerusalem, Israel, 16–21 November (1997).
   Google Scholar
• Fahlen T. Personality traits in social phobia. J. Clin. Psychiatry56(12), 569–573 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant BF, Hasin DF, Stinson FS. Co-occurence of 12-month mood and anxiety disorders and personality disorders in the US: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. J. Psychiatr. Res. (39), 1–9 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shea MT, Stout RL, Yen S et al. Associations in the course of personality disorders and Axis I disorders over time. J. Abnorm. Psychol.113(4), 499–508 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein MB. An epidemiologic perspective on social anxiety disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry67(Suppl. 12), 3–8 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsunaga H, Kiriike N, Matsui T, Iwasaki Y, Stein DJ. Taijin kyofusho: a form of social anxiety disorder that repsonds to serotonin reuptake inhibitors? Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol.4(3), 231–237 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Stein DJ, Le Roux L, Bouwer C, Van Heerden B. Is olfactory reference syndrome on the obsessive-compulsive spectrum? Two cases and a discussion. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci.10(1), 96–99 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Ameringen M, Mancini C. Pharmacotherapy of social anxiety disorder at the turn of the millennium. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am.24(4), 783–803 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerman M, Chelminski I, Young D. On the threshold of disorder: a study of the impact of the DSM-IV clinical significance criterion on diagnosing depressive and anxiety disorders in clinical practice. J. Clin. Psychiatry65(10), 1400–1405 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverstone JT, Salkind MR. Controlled evaluation of intravenous drugs in the specific desensitization of phobias. Can. Psychiatr. Assoc. J.18(1), 47–53 (1973).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Solyom L, Heseltine GF, McClure DJ et al. Behaviour therapy versus drug therapy in the treatment of phobic neurosis. Can. Psychiatr. Assoc. J.18(1), 25–32 (1973).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kuzma JM, Black DW. Integrating pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in the management of anxiety disorders. Curr. Psychiatry Rep.6(4), 268–273 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bailar JC 3rd. The promise and problems of meta-analysis. N. Engl. J. Med.337(8), 559–561 (1999).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song F, Altman DG, Glenny AM, Deeks JJ. Validity of indirect comparison for estimating efficacy of competing interventions: empirical evidence from published meta-analyses. Br. Med. J.326(7387), 472 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atmaca M, Kuloglu M, Tezcan E, Unal A. Efficacy of citalopram and moclobemide in patients with social phobia: some preliminary findings. Hum. Psychopharmacol.17(8), 401–405 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneier FR, Luterek JA, Heimberg RG, Leonardo E, Stein DJ. Social phobia. In: Clinical Manual of Anxiety Disorders. American Psychiatric Publishing Inc., Arlington, VA, USA, 63–86 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Altamura A, Pioli R, Vitto M, Mannu P. Venlafaxine in social phobia: a study in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor non-responders. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol.14(4), 239–245 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aarre TF. Phenelzine efficacy in refractory social anxiety disorder: a case series. Nord. J. Psychiatry57(4), 313–315 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otto MW, Basden SL, Leyro TM, McHugh RK, Hofmann SG. Clinical perspectives on the combination of d-cycloserine and cognitive–behavioral therapy for the treatment of anxiety disorders. CNS Spectr.12(1), 51–61 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelernter CS, Uhde TW, Cimbolic P et al. Cognitive–behavioural and pharmacological treatments of social phobia: a controlled study. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry48(10), 938–945 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambless D, Foa E, Groves G, Goldstein A. Flooding with brevital in the treatment of agoraphobia – countereffective? Behav. Res. Ther.17, 243–251 (1979).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wardle J. Behavior therapy and benzodiazepines: allies or antagonists? Br. J. Psychiatry156, 163–168 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandelow B. Defining response and remission in anxiety disorders. Towards an integrated approach. CNS Spectr.11(10 Suppl. 12), 21–28 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar