Prevention of shingles by varicella zoster virus vaccination

References

• Davison AJ, Scott JE. The complete DNA sequence of varicella-zoster virus. J. Gen. Virol.67(Pt 9), 1759–1816 (1986).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straus SE, Ostrove JM, Inchauspe G et al. NIH conference. Varicella-zoster virus infections. Biology, natural history, treatment, and prevention. Ann. Intern. Med.108, 221–237 (1988).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilgore PE, Kruszon-Moran D, Seward JF et al. Varicella in Americans from NHANES III: implications for control through routine immunization. J. Med. Virol.70(Suppl. 1), S111–S118 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aebi C, Fischer K, Gorgievski M, Matter L, Muhlemann K. Age-specific seroprevalence to varicella-zoster virus: study in Swiss children and analysis of European data. Vaccine19, 3097–3103 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Arvin AM. Cell-mediated immunity to varicella-zoster virus. J. Infect. Dis.166(Suppl. 1), S35–S41 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohrs RJ, Gilden DH, Mahalingam R. Varicella zoster virus latency, neurological disease and experimental models: an update. Front Biosci.9, 751–762 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gnann JW Jr, Whitley RJ. Clinical practice. Herpes zoster. N. Engl. J. Med.347, 340–346 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edmunds WJ, Brisson M, Rose JD. The epidemiology of herpes zoster and potential cost-effectiveness of vaccination in England and Wales. Vaccine19, 3076–3090 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brisson M, Edmunds WJ, Law B et al. Epidemiology of varicella zoster virus infection in Canada and the United Kingdom. Epidemiol. Infect.127, 305–314 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowsher D. The lifetime occurrence of Herpes zoster and prevalence of post-herpetic neuralgia: a retrospective survey in an elderly population. Eur. J. Pain.3, 335–342 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chidiac C, Bruxelle J, Daures JP et al. Characteristics of patients with herpes zoster on presentation to practitioners in France. Clin. Infect. Dis.33, 62–69 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas SL, Hall AJ. What does epidemiology tell us about risk factors for herpes zoster? Lancet Infect. Dis.4, 26–33 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Insinga RP, Itzler RF, Pellissier JM, Saddier P, Nikas AA. The incidence of herpes zoster in a United States administrative database. J. Gen. Intern. Med.20, 748–753 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming DM, Bartelds A, Chapman RS, Cross KW. The consistency of shingles and its significance for health monitoring. Eur. J. Epidemiol.19, 1113–1118 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oxman MN, Levin MJ, Johnson GR et al. A vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults. N. Engl. J. Med.352, 2271–2284 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagasako EM, Johnson RW, Griffin DR, Elpern DJ, Dworkin RH. Geographic and racial aspects of herpes zoster. J. Med. Virol.70 (Suppl. 1), S20–S23 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Whitley RJ. Changing dynamics of varicella-zoster virus infections in the 21st century: the impact of vaccination. J. Infect. Dis.191, 1999–2001 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Jumaan AO, Yu O, Jackson LA, Bohlke K, Galil K, Seward JF. Incidence of herpes zoster, before and after varicella-vaccination-associated decreases in the incidence of varicella, 1992–2002. J. Infect. Dis.191(12), 2002–2007 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yih WK, Brooks DR, Lett SM et al. The incidence of varicella and herpes zoster in Massachusetts as measured by the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) during a period of increasing varicella vaccine coverage, 1998–2003. BMC Public Health5, 68 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood M. Understanding pain in herpes zoster: an essential for optimizing treatment. J. Infect. Dis.186(Suppl. 1), S78–S82 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Opstelten W, Mauritz JW, de Wit NJ, van Wijck AJ, Stalman WA, van Essen GA. Herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia: incidence and risk indicators using a general practice research database. Fam. Pract.19, 471–475 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagasako EM, Johnson RW, Griffin DR, Dworkin RH. Rash severity in herpes zoster: correlates and relationship to postherpetic neuralgia. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.46, 834–839 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung BF, Johnson RW, Griffin DR, Dworkin RH. Risk factors for postherpetic neuralgia in patients with herpes zoster. Neurology62, 1545–1551 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helgason S, Petursson G, Gudmundsson S, Sigurdsson JA. Prevalence of postherpetic neuralgia after a first episode of herpes zoster: prospective study with long term follow up. Br. Med. J.321, 794–796 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragozzino MW, Melton LJ 3rd, Kurland LT, Chu CP, Perry HO. Population-based study of herpes zoster and its sequelae. Medicine (Baltimore)61, 310–316 (1982).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oster G, Harding G, Dukes E, Edelsberg J, Cleary PD. Pain, medication use, and health-related quality of life in older persons with postherpetic neuralgia: results from a population-based survey. J. Pain.6, 356–363 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lydick E, Epstein RS, Himmelberger D, White CJ. Herpes zoster and quality of life: a self-limited disease with severe impact. Neurology45 (Suppl.), S52–S53 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morfin F, Thouvenot D, De Turenne-Tessier M, Lina B, Aymard M, Ooka T. Phenotypic and genetic characterization of thymidine kinase from clinical strains of varicella-zoster virus resistant to acyclovir. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.43, 2412–2416 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ida M, Kageyama S, Sato H et al. Emergence of resistance to acyclovir and penciclovir in varicella-zoster virus and genetic analysis of acyclovir-resistant variants. Antiviral Res.40, 155–166 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fillet AM, Dumont B, Caumes E et al. Acyclovir-resistant varicella-zoster virus: phenotypic and genetic characterization. J. Med. Virol.55, 250–254 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin MJ, Dahl KM, Weinberg A, Giller R, Patel A, Krause PR. Development of resistance to acyclovir during chronic infection with the Oka vaccine strain of varicella-zoster virus, in an immunosuppressed child. J. Infect. Dis.188, 954–949 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alper BS, Lewis PR. Does treatment of acute herpes zoster prevent or shorten postherpetic neuralgia? J. Fam. Pract.49, 255–264 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wassilew S. Brivudin compared with famciclovir in the treatment of herpes zoster: effects in acute disease and chronic pain in immunocompetent patients. A randomized, double-blind, multinational study. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol.19, 47–55 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wassilew SW, Wutzler P. Oral brivudin in comparison with acyclovir for improved therapy of herpes zoster in immunocompetent patients: results of a randomized, double-blind, multicentered study. Antiviral Res.59, 49–56 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wassilew SW, Wutzler P. Oral brivudin in comparison with acyclovir for herpes zoster: a survey study on postherpetic neuralgia. Antiviral Res.59, 57–60 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitley RJ, Weiss H, Gnann JW Jr et al. Acyclovir with and without prednisone for the treatment of herpes zoster. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Collaborative Antiviral Study Group. Ann. Intern. Med.125, 376–383 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood MJ, Johnson RW, McKendrick MW, Taylor J, Mandal BK, Crooks J. A randomized trial of acyclovir for 7 days or 21 days with and without prednisolone for treatment of acute herpes zoster. N. Engl. J. Med.330, 896–900 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson RW, Whitton TL. Management of herpes zoster (shingles) and postherpetic neuralgia. Expert Opin. Pharmacother.5, 551–559 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron R. Post-herpetic neuralgia case study: optimizing pain control. Eur. J. Neurol.11(Suppl. 1), 3–11 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Oster G, Berger A, Dukes E, Edelsberg J, McCarberg B. Use of potentially inappropriate pain-related medications in older adults with painful neuropathic disorders. Am. J. Geriatr. Pharmacother.2, 163–170 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith KJ, Roberts MS. Antiviral therapies for herpes zoster infections. Are they economically justifiable? Pharmacoeconomics18, 95–104 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Raeder CK, Hayney MS. Immunology of Varicella Immunization in the elderly. Ann. Pharmacother.34, 228–234 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Levine MJ, Ellison MC, Zerbe GO et al. Comparison of a live attenuated and an inactivated varicella vaccine to boost the varicella-specific immune response in seropositive people 55 years of age and older. Vaccine18, 2915–2920 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Terada K, Niizuma T, Ogita S, Kataoka N. Responses of varicella zoster virus (VZV)-specific immunity in seropositive adults after inhalation of inactivated or live attenuated varicella vaccine. Vaccine20, 3638–3643 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Takahashi M, Otsuka T, Okuno Y, Asano Y, Yazaki T. Live vaccine used to prevent the spread of varicella in children in hospital. Lancet2, 1288–1290 (1974).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi M. Development and characterization of a live varicella vaccine (Oka strain). Biken. J.27, 31–36 (1984).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Takayama M, Takayama N. New method of differentiating wild-type varicella-zoster virus (VZV) strains from Oka varicella vaccine strain by VZV ORF 6-based PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. J. Clin. Virol.29, 113–119 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiu SS, Lau YL. Review of the Varilrix® varicella vaccine. Expert Rev. Vaccines4, 629–643 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merck. Varivax® Package Insert. 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Hambleton S, Gershon AA. Preventing varicella-zoster disease. Clin. Microbiol. Rev.18, 70–80 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayward A, Levin M, Wolf W, Angelova G, Gilden D. Varicella-zoster virus-specific immunity after herpes zoster. J. Infect. Dis.163, 873–875 (1991).
   Google Scholar
• Zerboni L, Ku CC, Jones CD, Zehnder JL, Arvin AM. Varicella-zoster virus infection of human dorsal root ganglia in vivo. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA102, 6490–6495 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ku CC, Besser J, Abendroth A, Grose C, Arvin AM. Varicella-Zoster virus pathogenesis and immunobiology: new concepts emerging from investigations with the SCIDhu mouse model. J. Virol.79, 2651–2658 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller AE. Selective decline in cellular immune response to varicella-zoster in the elderly. Neurology30, 582–587 (1980).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger R, Florent G, Just M. Decrease of the lymphoproliferative response to varicella-zoster virus antigen in the aged. Infect Immun.32, 24–27 (1981).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Just M, Berger R, Luescher D. OKA-SK-RIT Varicella vaccine for ‘primary’ and for booster vaccinations. Dev. Biol. Stand.52, 381–383 (1982).
   Google Scholar
• Berger R, Luescher D, Just M. Enhancement of varicella-zoster-specific immune responses in the elderly by boosting with varicella vaccine. J. Infect. Dis.149, 647 (1984).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger R, Luescher D, Just M. Restoration of varicella-zoster virus cell-mediated immune response after varicella booster vaccination. Postgrad. Med. J.61(Suppl. 4), 143–145 (1985).
   Google Scholar
• Levin MJ, Murray M, Rotbart HA, Zerbe GO, White CJ, Hayward AR. Immune response of elderly individuals to a live attenuated varicella vaccine. J. Infect. Dis.166, 253–259 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin MJ, Murray M, Zerbe GO, White CJ, Hayward AR. Immune responses of elderly persons 4 years after receiving a live attenuated varicella vaccine. J. Infect. Dis.170, 522–526 (1994).
   Google Scholar
• Levin MJ, Barber D, Goldblatt E et al. Use of a live attenuated varicella vaccine to boost varicella-specific immune responses in seropositive people 55 years of age and older: duration of booster effect. J. Infect. Dis.178(Suppl. 1), S109–S112 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trannoy E, Berger R, Hollander G et al. Vaccination of immunocompetent elderly subjects with a live attenuated Oka strain of varicella zoster virus: a randomized, controlled, dose-response trial. Vaccine18, 1700–1706 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger R, Trannoy E, Hollander G, Bailleux F, Rudin C, Creusvaux H. A dose-response study of a live attenuateds varicella-zoster virus (Oka strain) vaccine administered to adults 55 years of age and older. J. Infect. Dis.178 (Suppl. 1), S99–S103 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Hayward AR, Buda K, Levin MJ. Immune response to secondary immunization with live or inactivated VZV vaccine in elderly adults. Viral Immunol.7, 31–36 (1994).
   Google Scholar
• Levin MJ, Smith JG, Kaufhold RM et al. Decline in varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-specific cell-mediated immunity with increasing age and boosting with a high-dose VZV vaccine. J. Infect. Dis.188, 1336–1844 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowgesic E, Skowronski D, King A, Hockin J. Direct Costs attributed to chicken pox and herpes zoster in British Columbia 1992 to 1996. Canada Communicable Disease Report 25–11. Can. Commun. Dis. Rep.25(11), 100–104 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Scott FT, Johnson RW, Leedham-Green M, Davies E, Edmunds WJ, Breuer J. The burden of Herpes Zoster: a prospective population based study. Vaccine24, 1308–1314 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith KJ, Roberts MS. Cost effectiveness of newer antiviral agents for herpes zoster: is the evidence spotty? J. Infect. Dis.178(Suppl. 1), S85–S90 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pellissier JM, Brisson M, Levin MJ. Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness in the U.S. of a vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults. In: National Foundation for Infectious Diseases Vaccine Conference. Baltimore, MD, USA (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Merck. Zostavax™ Package Insert. (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Takahashi M, Okada S, Miyagawa H et al. Enhancement of immunity against VZV by giving live varicella vaccine to the elderly assessed by VZV skin test and IAHA, gpELISA antibody assay. Vaccine21, 3845–3853 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grose C. Varicella vaccination of children in the United States: assessment after the first decade 1995–2005. J. Clin. Virol.33, 89–95; discussion 96–98 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edmunds WJ, Brisson M. The effect of vaccination on the epidemiology of varicella zoster virus. J. Infect.44, 211–219 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy I, Gershon AA, Steinberg SP, LaRussa P. The incidence of zoster after immunization with live attenuated varicella vaccine. A study in children with leukemia. Varicella Vaccine Collaborative Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med.325, 1545–1550 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunell PA, Taylor-Wiedeman J, Geiser CF, Frierson L, Lydick E. Risk of herpes zoster in children with leukemia: varicella vaccine compared with history of chickenpox. Pediatrics77, 53–56 (1986).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagenpfeil S, Neiss A, Wutzler P. Effects of varicella vaccination on herpes zoster incidence. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.10, 954–960 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldman GS. Cost-benefit analysis of universal varicella vaccination in the U.S. taking into account the closely related herpes-zoster epidemiology. Vaccine23, 3349–3355 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldman GS. Universal varicella vaccination: efficacy trends and effect on herpes zoster. Int. J. Toxicol.24, 205–213 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levin MJ, Hayward AR. The varicella vaccine. Prevention of herpes zoster. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America10(3), 657–675 (1996).
   Google Scholar