References
- Locht C. Molecular aspects of Bordetella pertussis pathogenesis. Int. Microbial. 2(3), 137–144 (1999).
- •One of the best reviews on virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis.
- Parton R. Review of the biology of Bordetella pertussis. Biologicals 27(2), 71–76 (1999).
- •One of the best reviews on the biology and virulence of B. pertussis.
- Kerr JR, Preston NW Current pharmacotherapy of pertussis. Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 2(8), 1275–1282 (2001).
- •One of the best reviews on the clinical aspects of whooping cough.
- Heininger U, Stehr K, Schmitt-Grohe S et al. Clinical characteristics of illness caused by Bordetella parapertussis compared with illness caused by Bordetella pertussis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 13(4), 306–309 (1994).
- •• Clinical characteristics of Bordetella parapertussis infection and the difference in severity of B. parapertussis and B. pertussis infection.
- Liese JG, Renner C, Stojanov S, Belohradsky BH. Clinical and epidemiological picture of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis infections after introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines. Arch. Dis. Child. 88(8), 684–687 (2003).
- •• Based on long-term surveillance of whooping cough in Germany. Suggested the incidence of B. parapertussis was slightly increased after the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccine.
- Mills KH. Immunity to Bordetella pertussis. Microbes Infect. 3(8), 655–677 (2001).
- •One of the best reviews on protective immunity against B. pertussis.
- Chen W, Alley MR, Manktelow BW, Hoperoft D, Bennett R. Pneumonia in lambs inoculated with Bordetella parapertussis: bronchoalveolar lavage and ultrastructural studies. Vet. Pathol 25(4), 297–303 (1988).
- •Suggested B. parapertussis is related to ovine disease.
- Porter JF, Connor K, Donachie W. Isolation and characterization of Bordetella parapertussis-like bacteria from ovine lungs. Microbiology 140\(Pt 2), 255–261 (1994).
- •Suggested lambs were one of the hosts of B. parapertussis.
- van der Zee A, Mooi F, Van Embden J, Musser J. Molecular evolution and host adaptation of Bordetella spp.: phylogenetic analysis using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and typing with three insertion sequences. J. Bacterial. 179(21), 6609–6617 (1997).
- •Suggested there was a difference between the B. parapertussis infection in lambs and humans.
- Parkhill J, Sebaihia M, Preston A et al. Comparative analysis of the genome sequences of Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Nature Genet. 35(1), 32–40 (2003).
- ••Offers a huge amount of information onthe genomes of three classical Bordetella species.
- Finn TM, Stevens LA. Tracheal colonization factor: a Bordetella pertussis secreted virulence determinant. Mal. Microbial 16(4), 625–634 (1995).
- •Reported details of tracheal colonization factor, a novel adhesin of B. pertussis.
- Fernandez RC, Weiss AA. Serum resistance in bug-regulated mutants of Bordetella pertussis. FEMS Microbial. Lett. 163(1), 57–63 (1998).
- •First report of the brk locus which induces the serum resistance of B. pertussis.
- Caroff M, Aussel L, Zarrouk H et al. Structural variability and originality of the Bordetella endotoxins. J. Endotoxin. Res. 7(1), 63–68 (2001).
- •One of best reviews of the structure of lipopolysaccharide of Bordetella spp.
- Allen AG, Thomas RM, Cadisch JT, Maskell DJ. Molecular and functional analysis of the lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis locus wlb from Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Mal. Microbial. 29(1), 27–38 (1998).
- •Determined the lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis locus and structural differences between the lipopolysaccharides of the three classic Bordetella spp.
- Harvill ET, Preston A, Cotter PA, Allen AG, Maskell DJ, Miller JF. Multiple roles of Bordetella lipopolysaccharide molecules during respiratory tract infection. Infect. Immun. 68(12), 6720–6728 (2000).
- •Suggested that the tab mutant, which lacked outercore and O-antigen, could decrease the ability of colonization in trachea and lung in a mouse model.
- Burns VC, Pishko EJ, Preston A, Maskell DJ, Harvill ET Role of Bordetella O-antigen in respiratory tract infection. Infect. Immun. 71(1), 86–94 (2003).
- •Suggested that O-antigen was related to colonization of B. parapertussis in respiratory tract by using tribm mutant, which lacked the O-antigen.
- Walker, E. Clinical aspects of pertussis. In: Pathogenesis and Immunity in Pertussis. Wardlaw, AC, Parton R (Eds). John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK, 273–282 (1988).
- •Detailed characteristics of whooping cough.
- He Q, Arvilommi H, Viljanen MK, Mertsola J. Outcomes of Bordetella infections in vaccinated children: effects of bacterial number in the nasopharynx and patient age. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol 6(4), 534–536 (1999).
- •Clearly shows the relationship between duration of illness and age of patients with whooping cough.
- Mastrantonio P, Giuliano M, Stefanelli P et al Bordetella parapertussis infections. Dev. Biol. Stand. 89,255–259 (1997).
- •Describes the incidence of B. parapertussis infection in clinical trials. Also shows that neither whole-cell pertussis vaccine nor acellular pertussis vaccine might be effective against B. parapertussis.
- Mastrantonio P, Stefanelli P, Giuliano M et al Bordetella parapertussis infection in children: epidemiology, clinical symptoms and molecular characteristics of isolates. J. Clin. Microbial 36(4), 999–1002 (1998).
- •Briefly describes the epidemiology of B. parapertussis infection in an Italian trial of acellular pertussis vaccine.
- Bergfors E, Trollfors B, Taranger J, Lagergard T, Sundh V, Zackrisson G. Parapertussis and pertussis: differences and similarities in incidence, clinical course and antibody responses. Int. Infect. Dis. 3(3), 140–156 (1999).
- •Reported the incidence of B. parapertussis infection in Sweden.
- Weiss AA. The Genus Bordetella. In: Prokaryote The Balows A Truper Dworkin (Eds). Springer New York, Inc. NY, USA (1992).
- ••One of the best reviews of the three classicspecies of Bordetella. Includes some protocols for clinical and research laboratories.
- Hoppe JE. Methods for isolation of Bordetella pertussis from patients with whooping cough.Eur. J. Clin. Microbial Infect. Dis. 7, 616–620 (1988).
- •Offers information about selection of media for isolating B. pertussis.
- Aoyama T, Goto A, Iwai H et al. Simple and efficient method for clinical isolation of Bordetella pertussis. Dev. Biol. Stand. 73,185–192 (1991).
- •Developed cyclodextrin agar, which was a novel media for the isolation of B. pertussis.
- Novotny P, Macaulay ME, Hart TC, Skvari F. Analysis of antibody profiles in children with whooping cough. Dev. Biol. Stand. 73,267–273 (1991).
- •Offers detailed profiles of antibody responses in patients with whooping cough.
- Wirsing von Konig CH, Halperin S, Riffelmann M, Guiso N. Pertussis in adults and infants. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2(12), 744–750 (2002).
- •Offers information about epidemiology of whooping cough in highly vaccinated populations.
- Preston NW Pertussis (Whooping cough): the road to eradication is well sign-posted but eratically trodden. Infect. Dis. Rev. 2,5–11 (2000).
- •Highlighted some problems associated with the prevention of whooping cough.
- Cloud JL, Hymas WC, Turlak A et al. Description of a multiplex Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis LightCycler PCR assay with inhibition control. Diagn. Microbial Infect. Dis. 46(3), 189–195 (2003).
- •Describes a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for diagnosis for whooping cough, using real-time PCR with inhibition control.
- van der Zee A, Agterberg C, Peeters M, Mooi F, Schellekens J. A clinical validation of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis polymerase chain reaction: comparison with culture and serology using samples from patients with suspected whooping cough from a highly immunized population. J. Infect. Dis. 174(1), 89–96 (1996).
- •Offers a comparison of the detection rates between culture, serological method and conventional PCR.
- Templeton KE, Scheltinga SA, Van Der Zee A et al. Evaluation of real-time PCR for detection of and discrimination between Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella holmesii for clinical diagnosis. J. Clin. Microbial 41(9), 4121–4126 (2003).
- •Describes a PCR-based method for diagnosis of whooping cough using real-time PCR.
- Lind-Brandb ergL, Welinder-Olsson C, Lagergard T, Taranger J, Trollfors B, Zackrisson G. Evaluation of PCR for diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis infections. J. Clin. Microbial 36(3), 679–683 (1998).
- •Offers sensitivity and selectivity of methods based on conventional PCR.
- Farrell DJ, Daggard G, Mukkur TK. Nested duplex PCR to detect Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis and its application in diagnosis of pertussis in nonmetropolitan Southeast Queensland, Australia. J. Clin. Microbial 37(3), 606–610 (1999).
- •Offers results of application of PCR-based diagnosis in Australia. Authors used nested duplex PCR (conventional PCR).
- Borska K, Simkovicova M. Studies on the circulation of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis in populations of children. J. Hyg. Epidemiol Microbial Immunol 16(2), 159–172 (1972).
- •Decribes B. parapertussis epidemiology in late 1960s Czechoslovakia. Data in this paper suggested B. parapertussis might be the dominant causative agent of whooping cough.
- Khelef N, Danve B, Quentin-Millet MJ, Guiso N. Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis: two immunologically distinct species. Infect. Immun. 61(2), 486–490 (1993).
- •Clearly shows subcutaneous immunization with B. pertussis antigens does not induce protection against B. parapertussis.
- David S, van Furth R, Mooi FR. Efficacies of whole cell and acellular pertussis vaccines against Bordetella parapertussis in a mouse model. Vaccines 22(15–16), 1892–1898 (2004).
- Heininger U, Stehr K, Christenson P, Cherry JD. Evidence of efficacy of the Lederle/Takeda acellular pertussis component diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine but not the Lederle whole-cell component diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine against Bordetella parapertussis infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. 28(3), 602–604 (1999).
- •Suggested acellular pertussis vaccine had a little efficacy against B. parapertussis but whole-cell vaccine did not.
- de Melker HE, Schellekens JFP, Neppelenbroek SE, Mooi FR, Rumke HC, Conyn-van Spaendonck MAE. Re-emergence of pertussis in the highly vaccinated population of The Netherlands: observations on surveillance data. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 6(4), 348–357 (2000).
- •Offers detailed information of reemergence of whooping cough in The Netherlands.
- Mooi FR, van Loo IHM, King AJ. Adaptation of Bordetella pertussis to vaccination: a cause for its re-emergence? Emerg. Infect. Dis. 7(3), 526–528 (2001).
- •Clearly demonstrated that population of circulation strains was changed by the introduction of pertussis vaccines in The Netherlands.
- Iwata S, Aoyama T, Goto A et al. Mixed outbreak of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis in an apartment house. Dev. Biol. Stand. 73,333–341 (1991).
- •Reported a mixed outbreak of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis in Japan.
- Mertsola J. Mixed outbreak of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis infection in Finland. Eur. J. Clin. Microbial 4(2), 123–128 (1985).
- •Reported a mixed outbreak of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis in Finland.
- He Q, Viljanen MK, Arvilommi H, Aittanen B, Mertsola J. Whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis in an immunized population. JAMA 280(7), 635–637 (1998).
- •Reported detailed information of B. parapertussis epidemiology in Finland.
- Watanabe M, Nagai M. Reciprocal protective immunity against Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis in a murine model of respiratory infection. Infect. Immun. 69(11), 6981–6986 (2001).
- •Suggested reciprocal protective immunity against B. pertussis and B. parapertussis can be induced in infected mice.
- Jabbal-Gill I, Fisher AN, Rappuoli R, Davis SS, Illum L. Stimulation of mucosal and systemic antibody responses against Bordetella pertussis filamentous haemagglutinin and recombinant pertussis toxin after nasal administration with chitosan in mice. Vaccine 16(20), 2039–2046 (1998).
- •Demonstrated vaccination by direct injection could induce little IgA. Authors also suggested the importance of IgA in protection against B. pertussis infection.
- Mills KH, Barnard A, Watkins J, Redhead K. Cell-mediated immunity to Bordetella pertussis: role of Thl cells in bacterial clearance in a murine respiratory infection model. Infect. Immun. 61(2), 399–410 (1993).
- •Clearly suggested T helper 1 cells were responsible for protection against B. pertussis.
- Redhead K, Watkins J, Barnard A, Mills KH. Effective immunization against Bordetella pertussis respiratory infection in mice is dependent on induction of cell-mediated immunity. Infect. Immun. 61(8),3190-3198 (1993).
- •Clearly suggests that the effectiveness of B. pertussis vaccine is related to cell-mediated immunity.
- Watanabe M, Nagai M. Role of systemic and mucosal immune responses in reciprocal protection against Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis in a murine model of respiratory infection. Infect. Immun. 71(2), 733–738 (2003).
- •Suggested the importance of mucosal immunity for inducing reciprocal protection against B. pertussis and B. parapertussis.
- van den Akker WM. The filamentous hemagglutinin of Bordetella parapertussis is the major adhesin in the phase-dependent interaction with NCI-H292 human lung epithelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 252(1), 128–133 (1998).
- •Suggested that filamentous hemagglutinin is a major adhesion of B. parapertussis.
- Lautrop H. Epidemics of parapertussis. 20 years' observations in Denmark. Lancet 1(7711), 1195–1198(1971).
- •Detailed epidemiological report of B. parapertussis based on long-term surveillance in Denmark.
- Stehr K, Cherry JD, Heininger U et al A comparative efficacy trial in Germany in infants who received either the Lederle/Takeda acellular pertussis component DTP (DTaP) vaccine, the Lederle whole-cell component DTP vaccine, or DT vaccine. Pediatrics 101(1 Pt 1), 1–11 (1998).
- •Describes the incidence of B. parapertussis infection based on a clinical trial of acellular pertussis vaccine in Germany.
- Weber C, Boursaux-Eude C, Coralie G, Caro V, Guiso N. Polymorphism of Bordetella pertussis isolates circulating for the last 10 years in France, where a single effective whole-cell vaccine has been used for more than 30 years. J. Clin. Microbial 39(12), 4396–4403 (2001).
- •Includes incidence of B. parapertussis in France.
- Kourova N, Caro V, Weber C et al Comparison of the Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis isolates circulating in Saint Petersburg between 1998 and 2000 with Russian vaccine strains. J. Clin. Microbial. 41(8), 3706-3711(2003).
- •Reports on the incidence of B. parapertussis infection in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Website
- World Health Organization. Pertussis surveillance. http://www.who.int/vaccines-documents/DocsPDF01/www605.pdf (2002). (Accessed May 2004)
- ••Shows the recommendations of the WorldHealth Organization for the surveillance of whooping cough, which includes the definition of whooping cough.