Nemonoxacin (TG-873870) for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia

References

• Brar NK, Niederman MS. Management of community-acquired pneumonia: a review and update. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2011;5(1):61-78
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nazarian DJ, Eddy OL, Lukens TW, et al. Clinical policy: critical issues in the management of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with community-acquired pneumonia. Ann Emerg Med 2009;54(5):704-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• File TM Jr, Marrie TJ. Burden of community-acquired pneumonia in North American adults. Postgrad Med 2010;122(2):130-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ewig S, Birkner N, Strauss R, et al. New perspectives on community-acquired pneumonia in 388 406 patients. Results from a nationwide mandatory performance measurement programme in healthcare quality. Thorax 2009;64(12):1062-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marston BJ, Plouffe JF, File TM Jr, et al. Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization. Results of a population-based active surveillance Study in Ohio. The Community-Based Pneumonia Incidence Study Group. Arch Intern Med 1997;157(15):1709-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almirall J, Bolibar I, Vidal J, et al. Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a population-based study. Eur Respir J 2000;15(4):757-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnoor M, Hedicke J, Dalhoff K, et al. Approaches to estimate the population-based incidence of community acquired pneumonia. J Infect 2007;55(3):233-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruhnke GW, Coca-Perraillon M, Kitch BT, Cutler DM. Trends in mortality and medical spending in patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia: 1993-2005. Med Care 2010;48(12):1111-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ewig S, Torres A. Community-acquired pneumonia as an emergency: time for an aggressive intervention to lower mortality. Eur Respir J 2011;38(2):253-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capelastegui A, Espana PP, Bilbao A, et al. Study of community-acquired pneumonia: incidence, patterns of care, and outcomes in primary and hospital care. J Infect 2010;61(5):364-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angus DC, Marrie TJ, Obrosky DS, et al. Severe community-acquired pneumonia: use of intensive care services and evaluation of American and British Thoracic Society Diagnostic criteria. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166(5):717-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrales-Medina VF, Musher DM, Wells GA, et al. Cardiac complications in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: incidence, timing, risk factors, and association with short-term mortality. Circulation 2012;125(6):773-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrales-Medina VF, Suh KN, Rose G, et al. Cardiac complications in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS Med 2011;8(6):e1001048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnstone J, Eurich DT, Majumdar SR, et al. Long-term morbidity and mortality after hospitalization with community-acquired pneumonia: a population-based cohort study. Medicine 2008;87(6):329-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Restrepo MI, Faverio P, Anzueto A. Long-term prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2013;26(2):151-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown JS. Geography and the aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia. Respirology 2009;14(8):1068-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niederman MS, Luna CM. Community-acquired pneumonia guidelines: a global perspective. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2012;33(3):298-310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• File TM Jr, Low DE, Eckburg PB, et al. Integrated analysis of FOCUS 1 and FOCUS 2: randomized, doubled-blinded, multicenter phase 3 trials of the efficacy and safety of ceftaroline fosamil versus ceftriaxone in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2010;51(12):1395-405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moran GJ, Krishnadasan A, Gorwitz RJ, et al. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as an etiology of community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2012;54(8):1126-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arancibia F, Bauer TT, Ewig S, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia due to gram-negative bacteria and pseudomonas aeruginosa: incidence, risk, and prognosis. Arch Intern Med 2002;162(16):1849-58
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arnold FW, Summersgill JT, Lajoie AS, et al. A worldwide perspective of atypical pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;175(10):1086-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cilloniz C, Ewig S, Polverino E, et al. Microbial aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia and its relation to severity. Thorax 2011;66(4):340-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der HW, Dijkstra F, Schimmer B, et al. Q fever in the Netherlands: an update on the epidemiology and control measures. Euro Surveill 2010;15(12):1-4
   Google Scholar
• Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44(Suppl 2):S27-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartlett JG. Diagnostic tests for agents of community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2011;52(Suppl 4):S296-304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Eerden MM, Vlaspolder F, De Graaff CS, et al. Comparison between pathogen directed antibiotic treatment and empirical broad spectrum antibiotic treatment in patients with community acquired pneumonia: a prospective randomised study. Thorax 2005;60(8):672-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• File TM Jr, Marrie TJ. Does empiric therapy for atypical pathogens improve outcomes for patients with CAP? Infect Dis Clin North Am 2013;27(1):99-114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartlett JG. Is activity against "atypical" pathogens necessary in the treatment protocols for community-acquired pneumonia? Issues with combination therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2008;47(Suppl 3):S232-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maimon N, Nopmaneejumruslers C, Marras TK. Antibacterial class is not obviously important in outpatient pneumonia: a meta-analysis. Eur Respir J 2008;31(5):1068-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills GD, Oehley MR, Arrol B. Effectiveness of beta lactam antibiotics compared with antibiotics active against atypical pathogens in non-severe community acquired pneumonia: meta-analysis. BMJ 2005;330(7489):456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shefet D, Robenshtock E, Paul M, Leibovici L. Empiric antibiotic coverage of atypical pathogens for community acquired pneumonia in hospitalized adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;2:CD004418
   Google Scholar
• Shefet D, Robenshtok E, Paul M, Leibovici L. Empirical atypical coverage for inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 2005;165(17):1992-2000
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oosterheert JJ, Bonten MJ, Hak E, et al. How good is the evidence for the recommended empirical antimicrobial treatment of patients hospitalized because of community-acquired pneumonia? A systematic review. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003;52(4):555-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodhead M, Blasi F, Ewig S, et al. Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections--full version. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011;17(Suppl 6):E1-59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim WS, Baudouin SV, George RC, et al. BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: update 2009. Thorax 2009;64(Suppl 3):iii1-55
   Google Scholar
• Ruhe J, Mildvan D. Does empirical therapy with a fluoroquinolone or the combination of a beta-lactam plus a macrolide result in better outcomes for patients admitted to the general ward? Infect Dis Clin North Am 2013;27(1):115-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lodise TP, Kwa A, Cosler L, et al. Comparison of beta-lactam and macrolide combination therapy versus fluoroquinolone monotherapy in hospitalized Veterans Affairs patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007;51(11):3977-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metersky ML, Ma A, Houck PM, Bratzler DW. Antibiotics for bacteremic pneumonia: improved outcomes with macrolides but not fluoroquinolones. Chest 2007;131(2):466-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tessmer A, Welte T, Martus P, et al. Impact of intravenous {beta}-lactam/macrolide versus {beta}-lactam monotherapy on mortality in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009;63(5):1025-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asadi L, Sligl WI, Eurich DT, et al. Macrolide-based regimens and mortality in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2012;55(3):371-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vardakas KZ, Siempos IL, Grammatikos A, et al. Respiratory fluoroquinolones for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CMAJ 2008;179(12):1269-77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SY, Yim JJ, Park JS, et al. Clinical effects of gemifloxacin on the delay of tuberculosis treatment. J Korean Med Sci 2013;28(3):378-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs MR, Good CE, Windau AR, et al. Activity of ceftaroline against recent emerging serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010;54(6):2716-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu VL, Chiou CC, Feldman C, et al. An international prospective study of pneumococcal bacteremia: correlation with in vitro resistance, antibiotics administered, and clinical outcome. Clin Infect Dis 2003;37(2):230-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson LR. Penicillins for treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia: does in vitro resistance really matter? Clin Infect Dis 2006;42(2):224-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daneman N, Mcgeer A, Green K, Low DE; Toronto Invasive Bacterial Diseases N. Macrolide resistance in bacteremic pneumococcal disease: implications for patient management. Clin Infect Dis 2006;43(4):432-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson R, Cavalcanti R, Brunton JL, et al. Resistance to levofloxacin and failure of treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2002;346(10):747-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Low DE. What is the relevance of antimicrobial resistance on the outcome of community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae? (should macrolide monotherapy be used for mild pneumonia?). Infect Dis Clin North Am 2013;27(1):87-97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wunderink RG. How important is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia and what is best antimicrobial therapy? Infect Dis Clin North Am 2013;27(1):177-88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin L, Chang LW, Tsai CY, et al. Dose escalation study of the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of nemonoxacin (TG-873870), a novel potent broad-spectrum nonfluorinated quinolone, in healthy volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010;54(1):405-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arjona A. Nemonoxacin. Drugs Future 2009;34(3):196-203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry AL, Fuchs PC, Brown SD. In vitro activities of three nonfluorinated quinolones against representative bacterial isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001;45(6):1923-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo B, Wu X, Zhang Y, et al. Safety and clinical pharmacokinetics of nemonoxacin, a novel non-fluorinated quinolone, in healthy Chinese volunteers following single and multiple oral doses. Clin Drug Investig 2012;32(7):475-86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao X, Xu C, Domagala J, Drlica K. DNA topoisomerase targets of the fluoroquinolones: a strategy for avoiding bacterial resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997;94(25):13991-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung DT, Tsai CY, Chen SJ, et al. Multiple-dose safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of oral nemonoxacin (TG-873870) in healthy volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010;54(1):411-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo B, Zhang J, Yu J, et al. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for the determination of nemonoxacin (TG-873870), a novel nonfluorinated quinolone, in human plasma and urine and its application to a single-dose pharmacokinetic study in healthy Chinese volunteers. Biomed Chromatogr 2012;26(11):1333-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson R, Macklin-Doherty A. The use of moxifloxacin for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis. Expert Rev Respir Med 2012;6(5):481-92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noreddin AM, Elkhatib WF. Levofloxacin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2010;8(5):505-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen YH, Liu CY, Lu JJ, et al. In vitro activity of nemonoxacin (TG-873870), a novel non-fluorinated quinolone, against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci and Streptococcus pneumoniae with various resistance phenotypes in Taiwan. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009;64(6):1226-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adam HJ, Laing NM, King CR, et al. In vitro activity of nemonoxacin, a novel nonfluorinated quinolone, against 2,440 clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009;53(11):4915-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauderdale TL, Shiau YR, Lai JF, et al. Comparative in vitro activities of nemonoxacin (TG-873870), a novel nonfluorinated quinolone, and other quinolones against clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010;54(3):1338-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai CC, Tan CK, Lin SH, et al. Comparative in vitro activities of nemonoxacin, doripenem, tigecycline and 16 other antimicrobials against Nocardia brasiliensis, Nocardia asteroides and unusual Nocardia species. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009;64(1):73-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai CC, Liu WL, Ko WC, et al. Multicenter study in Taiwan of the in vitro activities of nemonoxacin, tigecycline, doripenem, and other antimicrobial agents against clinical isolates of various Nocardia species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55(5):2084-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu WL, Lai CC, Ko WC, et al. Clinical and microbiological characteristics of infections caused by various Nocardia species in Taiwan: a multicenter study from 1998 to 2010. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011;30(11):1341-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang JC, Lee PI, Hsueh PR. In vitro activity of nemonoxacin, tigecycline, and other antimicrobial agents against Helicobacter pylori isolates in Taiwan, 1998-2007. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2010;29(11):1369-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin YC, Huang YT, Tsai PJ, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibilities and molecular epidemiology of clinical isolates of Clostridium difficile in taiwan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55(4):1701-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao CH, Ko WC, Lu JJ, Hsueh PR. Characterizations of clinical isolates of clostridium difficile by toxin genotypes and by susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents, including fidaxomicin (OPT-80) and rifaximin: a multicenter study in Taiwan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012;56(7):3943-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chotikanatis K, Kohlhoff SA, Hammerschlag MR. In Vitro Activity of Nemonoxacin, a Novel Nonfluorinated Quinolone Antibiotic, against Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013. [Epub ahead of print]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan CK, Lai CC, Liao CH, et al. Comparative in vitro activities of the new quinolone nemonoxacin (TG-873870), gemifloxacin and other quinolones against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009;64(2):428-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu C, Reichart D, Lin L, Leunk R. In vivo efficacy of nemonoxacin in a mouse protection model. Abstract: B-1005. 48th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) and 46th Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Annual Meeting. Washington, DC, USA; 2008
   Google Scholar
• King CR, Lin L, Leunk R. In vitro resistance development to nemonoxacin for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Abstract: C1-1971. 48th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) and 46th Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Annual Meeting. Washington, DC, USA; 2008
   Google Scholar
• Wright DH, Brown GH, Peterson ML, Rotschafer JC. Application of fluoroquinolone pharmacodynamics. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000;46(5):669-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li CR, Li Y, Li GQ, et al. In vivo antibacterial activity of nemonoxacin, a novel non-fluorinated quinolone. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010;65(11):2411-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Rensburg DJ, Perng RP, Mitha IH, et al. Efficacy and safety of nemonoxacin versus levofloxacin for community-acquired pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010;54(10):4098-106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spellberg B, Talbot GH, Brass EP, et al. Position paper: recommended design features of future clinical trials of antibacterial agents for community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2008;47(Suppl 3):S249-65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ClinicalTrials.gov. Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Administration With Nemonoxacin and Levofloxacin in Patients With CAP. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01529476?term=Nemonoxacin&rank=5 [Last Accessed 14 October 2013]
   Google Scholar
• Owens RC Jr, Ambrose PG. Antimicrobial safety: focus on fluoroquinolones. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41(Suppl 2):S144-57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow C, Hsu C, Chen Y, Hsu CH. Fertility and early embryonic developmental toxicity of nemonoxacin after oral administration to rats. Abstract: F1-2056. 48th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) and 46th Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Annual Meeting. Washington, DC, USA; 2008
   Google Scholar
• Chow C, Hsu C, Chen Y, Hsu CH. Systemic hypersensitivity test of nemonoxacin, a novel potent broad-spectrum non-fluorinated quinolone, in guinea pigs. Abstract: F1-2055. 48th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) and 46th Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Annual Meeting. Washington, DC, USA; 2008
   Google Scholar
• Chow C, Sambuco C. Phototoxicity of nemonoxacin (TG-873870) in hairless mice. Abstract: A-28. 47th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC). Chicago, IL, USA; 2007
   Google Scholar
• Ecker DJ, Sampath R, Massire C, et al. Ibis T5000: a universal biosensor approach for microbiology. Nat Rev Microbiol 2008;6(7):553-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson N, Kalin M, Tiveljung-Lindell A, et al. Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia: increased microbiological yield with new diagnostic methods. Clin Infect Dis 2010;50(2):202-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar