Schizophrenia and Toxoplasma gondii: an undervalued association?

References

• Torrey EF, Yolken RH. Could schizophrenia be a viral zoonosis transmitted from house cats. Schizophr Bull 1995;21(2):167-71
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torrey EF, Bartko JJ, Lun ZR, Yolken RH. Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in patients with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull 2007;33:729-36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torrey EF, Bartko JJ, Yolken RH. Toxoplasma gondii and other risk factors for schizophrenia: An update. Schizophr Bull 2012;38(3):642-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou P, Chen ZG, Li HL, et al. Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans in China. Parasite Vector 2011;4:165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flegr J, Priplatova L, Hampl R, et al. Difference of neuro- and immunomodulatory steroids and selected hormone and lipid concentrations between Toxoplasma-free and Toxoplasma-infected but not CMV-free and CMV-infected schizophrenia patients. Neuroendocrinol Lett 2014;35(1):20-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niebuhr DW, Cowan DN, Millikan AM, et al. Risk of schizophrenia and antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii among U.S. military personnel. Schizophr Bull 2007;33:243-4
   Google Scholar
• Wang HL, Wang GH, Li QY, et al. Prevalence of Toxoplasma infection in first-episode schizophrenia and comparison between Toxoplasma-seropositive and Toxoplasma-seronegative schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2006;114:40-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yolken RH, Dickerson FB, Torrey EF. Toxoplasma and schizophrenia. Parasite Immunol 2009;31:706-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holub D, Flegr J, Dragomirecka E, et al. Differences in onset of disease and severity of psychopathology between toxoplasmosis-related and toxoplasmosis-unrelated schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2013;127:227-38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celik T, Kartalci S, Atas O, et al. Association between latent toxoplasmosis and clinical course of schizophrenia - continuous course of the disease is characteristic for Toxoplasma gondii-infected patients. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2015;62
   Google Scholar
• Horacek J, Flegr J, Tintera J, et al. Latent toxoplasmosis reduces gray matter density in schizophrenia but not in controls: Voxel-based-morphometry (VBM) study. World J Biol Psychiatry 2012;13:501-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flegr J, Klapilová K, Kaňková Š. Toxoplasmosis can be a sexually transmitted infection with serious clinical consequences. Not all routes of infection are created equal. Med Hypotheses 2014;83:286-9
   Google Scholar
• Priplatova L, Sebankova B, Flegr J. Contrasting effect of prepulse signals on performance of Toxoplasma-infected and Toxoplasma-free subjects in an acoustic reaction times test. PLoS One 2014;9(11):e112771
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones-Brando L, Torrey EF, Yolken R. Drugs used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder inhibit the replication of Toxoplasma gondii. Schizophr Res 2003;62:237-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fond G, Macgregor A, Tamouza R, et al. Comparative analysis of anti-toxoplasmic activity of antipsychotic drugs and valproate. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2014;264(2):179-83
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin DG, Strobl JS, Lindsay DS. Evaluation of five antischizophrenic agents against Toxoplasma gondii in human cell cultures. J Parasitol 2011;97:147-51
   Google Scholar
• Flegr J, Prandota J, Sovickova M, Israili ZH. Toxoplasmosis - A global threat. Correlation of latent toxoplasmosis with specific disease burden in a set of 88 countries. PLoS One 2014;9(3):e90203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willner P. The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: current status, future prospects. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1997;12(6):297-308
   Google Scholar
• Fallon JH, Opole IO, Potkin SG. The neuroanatomy of schizophrenia: circuitry and neurotransmitter systems. Clin Neurosci Res 2003;3(1-2):77-107
   Google Scholar
• Nikam SS, Awasthi AK. Evolution of schizophrenia drugs: A focus on dopaminergic systems. Curr Opin Invest Drugs 2008;9:37-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flegr J, Preiss M, Klose J, et al. Decreased level of psychobiological factor novelty seeking and lower intelligence in men latently infected with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Dopamine, a missing link between schizophrenia and toxoplasmosis? Biol Psychol 2003;63:253-68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skallová A, Kodym P, Frynta D, Flegr J. The role of dopamine in Toxoplasma-induced behavioural alterations in mice: an ethological and ethopharmacological study. Parasitology 2006;133:525-35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novotná M, Hanušová J, Klose J, et al. Probable neuroimmunological link between Toxoplasma and cytomegalovirus infections and personality changes in the human host. BMC Infect Dis 2005;5:54
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gaskell EA, Smith JE, Pinney JW, et al. A unique dual activity amino acid hydroxylase in Toxoplasma gondii. PLoS One 2009;4:e4801
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prandovszky E, Gaskell E, Martin H, et al. The neurotropic parasite Toxoplasma gondii increases dopamine metabolism. PLoS One 2011;6(9):e23866
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodková H, Kodym P, Flegr J. Poorer results of mice with latent toxoplasmosis in learning tests: impaired learning processes or the novelty discrimination mechanism? Parasitology 2007;134:1329-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar