Medical technologies for the diagnosis of prostate cancer

References

• Leavitt MO, Gerberding JL, Sondik JE. National Center for Health Statistics, Health, United States, 2005 With Chartbook on Trends in the Health of Americans. MD, USA, 127–280 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Mullerad M, Hricak H, Kuroiwa K et al. Comparison of endorectal magnetic resonance imaging, guided prostate biopsy and digital rectal examination in the preoperative anatomical localization of prostate Cancer J. Urol.174(6), 2158–2163 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Catalona WJ, Loeb S, Han M. Viewpoint: expanding prostate cancer screening. Ann. Intern. Med.144(6), 441–443 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maroni PD, Crawford ED. Screening for prostate cancer in 2006: PSA in the 21st century. NC Med. J.67(2), 136–139 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Walsh PC. Observed effect of age and body mass index on total and complexed PSA: analysis from a National Screening Program. J. Urol.174(5), 1825–1826 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Thompson IM, Ankerst DP, Chi C et al. Assessing prostate cancer risk: results from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. J. Natl Cancer Inst.98(8), 529–534 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadler RB, Loeb S, Roehl KA, Antenor JA, Eggener S, Catalona WJ. Use of 2.6 ng/ml prostate specific antigen prompt for biopsy in men older than 60 years. J. Urol.174(6), 2154–2157 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moul JW. Prostate cancer. Curr. Opin. Urol.16(3), 121–122 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Moul JW. Screening for prostate cancer in military populations. Mil. Med.170(11), 905–914 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson IM, Klein EA, Lippman SM, Coltman CA, Djavan B. Prevention of prostate cancer with finasteride: US/European perspective. Eur. Urol.44(6), 650–655 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson IM, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM et al. The influence of finasteride on the development of prostate cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.349(3), 215–224 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson IM, Pauler DK, Goodman PJ et al. Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate-specific antigen level < or = 4.0 ng per milliliter. N. Engl. J. Med.350(22), 2239–2246 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunkemeier MN, Vollmer RT. Predicting prostate biopsy results: the importance of PSA, age, and race. Am. J. Clin. Pathol.126(1), 1–3 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Thompson IM, Ankerst DP, Chi C et al. Operating characteristics of prostate-specific antigen in men with an initial PSA level of 3.0 ng/ml or lower. JAMA294(1), 66–70 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brassell SA, Kao TC, Sun L, Moul JW. Prostate-specific antigen versus prostate-specific antigen density as predictor of tumor volume, margin status, pathologic stage, and biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. Urology66(6), 1229–1233 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter HB, Pearson JD, Metter EJ et al. Longitudinal evaluation of prostate-specific antigen levels in men with and without prostate disease. JAMA267(16), 2215–2220 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter HB, Pearson JD, Waclawiw Z et al. Prostate-specific antigen variability in men without prostate cancer: effect of sampling interval on prostate-specific antigen velocity. Urology45(4), 591–596 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hotaling JM, Sun L, Moul JW et al. Age adjusted PSA and PSA velocity cutpoints in prostate cancer screening. J. Urol. (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bjork T, Lilja H, Christensson A. The prognostic value of different forms of prostate specific antigen and their ratios in patients with prostate cancer. BJU Int.84(9), 1021–1027 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelmann EP, Chia D, Pinsky PF et al. Relationship of demographic and clinical factors to free and total prostate-specific antigen. Urology58(4), 561–566 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semmes OJ, Malik G, Ward M. Application of mass spectrometry to the discovery of biomarkers for detection of prostate cancer. J. Cell Biochem.98(3), 496–503 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao Z, Prieto D, Conrads TP et al. Proteomic patterns: their potential for disease diagnosis. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol.230(1–2), 95–106 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fradet Y, Saad F, Aprikian A et al. uPM3, a new molecular urine test for the detection of prostate cancer. Urology64(2), 311–315 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Kok JB, Verhaegh GW, Roelofs RW et al. DD3(PCA3), a very sensitive and specific marker to detect prostate tumors. Cancer Res.62(9), 2695–2698 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hessels D, Klein Gunnewiek JM, van Oort I et al. DD3(PCA3)-based molecular urine analysis for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Eur. Urol.44(1), 8–15 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tinzl M, Marberger M, Horvath S et al. DD3PCA3 RNA analysis in urine – a new perspective for detecting prostate cancer. Eur. Urol.46(2), 182–186 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlahou A, Schorge JO, Gregory BW et al. Diagnosis of ovarian cancer using decision tree classification of mass spectral data. J. Biomed. Biotechnol.2003(5), 308–314 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ardekani AM, Liotta LA, Petricoin EF et al. Clinical potential of proteomics in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn.2(4), 312–320 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adam BL, Qu Y, Davis JW et al. Serum protein fingerprinting coupled with a pattern-matching algorithm distinguishes prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia and healthy men. Cancer Res.62(13), 3609–3614 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Zhang Z, Rosenzweig J et al. Proteomics and bioinformatics approaches for identification of serum biomarkers to detect breast cancer. Clin. Chem.48(8), 1296–1304 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petricoin EF 3rd, Ornstein DK, Paweletz CP et al. Serum proteomic patterns for detection of prostate cancer J. Natl. Cancer Inst.94(20), 1576–1578 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ornstein DK, Rayford W, Fusaro VA et al. Serum proteomic profiling can discriminate prostate cancer from benign prostates in men with total prostate specific antigen levels between 2.5 and 15.0 ng/ml. J. Urol.172(4 Pt 1), 1302–1305 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malik G, Ward MD, Gupta SK et al. Serum levels of an isoform of apolipoprotein A-II as a potential marker for prostate cancer. Clin. Cancer Res.11(3), 1073–1085 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le L, Chi K, Tyldesley S et al. Identification of serum amyloid A as a biomarker to distinguish prostate cancer patients with bone lesions. Clin. Chem.51(4), 695–707 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin MA, Zhou M, Dhanasekaran SM et al. α-Methylacyl coenzyme A racemase as a tissue biomarker for prostate cancer. JAMA287(13), 1662–1670 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers CG, Yan G, Zha S et al. Prostate cancer detection on urinalysis for α methylacyl coenzyme a racemase protein. J. Urol.172(4 Pt 1), 1501–1503 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zielie PJ, Mobley JA, Ebb RG et al. A novel diagnostic test for prostate cancer emerges from the determination of α-methylacyl-coenzyme a racemase in prostatic secretions. J. Urol.172(3), 1130–1133 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sreekumar A, Laxman B, Rhodes DR et al. Humoral immune response to α-methylacyl-CoA racemase and prostate cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.96(11), 834–843 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley SV, Oravecz-Wilson KI, Bougeard G et al. Serum antibodies to huntingtin interacting protein-1: a new blood test for prostate cancer. Cancer Res.65(10), 4126–4133 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Yu J, Sreekumar A et al. Autoantibody signatures in prostate cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.353(12), 1224–1235 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrovics G, Liu A, Shaheduzzaman S et al. Frequent overexpression of ETS-related gene-1 (ERG1) in prostate cancer transcriptome. Oncogene24(23), 3847–3852 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oikawa T, Yamada T. Molecular biology of the Ets family of transcription factors. Gene303, 11–34 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Tomlins SA, Rhodes DR, Perner S et al. Recurrent fusion of TMPRSS2 and ETS transcription factor genes in prostate cancer. Science310(5748), 644–648 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodge KK, McNeal JE, Stamey TA. Ultrasound guided transrectal core biopsies of the palpably abnormal prostate. J. Urol.142(1), 66–67 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Presti JC Jr. Prostate biopsy: how many cores are enough? Urol. Oncol.21(2), 135–140 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eskicorapci SY, Guliyev F, Akdogan B et al. Individualization of the biopsy protocol according to the prostate gland volume for prostate cancer detection. J. Urol.173(5), 1536–1540 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sedelaar JP, van Roermund JG, van Leenders GL et al. Three-dimensional grayscale ultrasound: evaluation of prostate cancer compared with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology57(5), 914–920 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• el-Gabry EA, Halpern EJ, Strup SE et al. Imaging prostate cancer: current and future applications. Oncology15(3), 325–336 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louvar E, Littrup PJ, Goldstein A et al. Correlation of color Doppler flow in the prostate with tissue microvascularity. Cancer83(1), 135–140 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin JM, Bude RO, Carson PL et al. Power Doppler US: a potentially useful alternative to mean frequency-based color Doppler US. Radiology190(3), 853–856 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura G, Nishimura T, Kimata R et al. Random systematic sextant biopsy versus power doppler ultrasound-guided target biopsy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: positive rate and clinicopathological features. J. Nippon Med. Sch.72(5), 262–269 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wijkstra H, Wink MH, de la Rosette JJ. Contrast specific imaging in the detection and localization of prostate cancer. World J. Urol.22(5), 346–350 (2004)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogers HA, Sedelaar JP, Beerlage HP et al. Contrast-enhanced three-dimensional power Doppler angiography of the human prostate: correlation with biopsy outcome. Urology54(1), 97–104 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karaman CZ, Unsal A, Akdilli A et al. The value of contrast enhanced power Doppler ultrasonography in differentiating hypoehoic lesions in the peripheral zone of prostate. Eur. J. Radiol.54(1), 148–155 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelzer A, Bektic J, Berger AP et al. Prostate cancer detection in men with prostate specific antigen 4 to 10 ng/ml using a combined approach of contrast enhanced color Doppler targeted and systematic biopsy. J. Urol.173(6), 1926–1929 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roscigno M, Scattoni V, Bertini R et al. Diagnosis of prostate cancer. State of the art. Minerva Urol. Nefrol.56(2), 123–145 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Halpern EJ, Ramey JR, Strup SE et al. Detection of prostate carcinoma with contrast-enhanced sonography using intermittent harmonic imaging. Cancer104(11), 2373–2383 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hricak H, Williams RD, Spring DB et al. Anatomy and pathology of the male pelvis by magnetic resonance imaging. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol.141(6), 1101–1110 (1983).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommer FG, Nghiem HV, Herfkens R et al. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI of the abnormal prostate. Magn. Reson. Imaging11(7), 941–948 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casciani E, Polettini E, Bertini L et al. Prostate cancer: evaluation with endorectal MR imaging and three-dimensional proton MR spectroscopic imaging. Radiol. Med.108(5–6), 530–541 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Wefer AE, Hricak H, Vigneron DB et al. Sextant localization of prostate cancer: comparison of sextant biopsy, magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging with step section histology. J. Urol.164(2), 400–404 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casciani E, Gualdi GF. Prostate cancer: value of magnetic resonance spectroscopy 3D chemical shift imaging. Abdom. Imaging. DOI: 10.1007/s00261-006-9070-7 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Akin O, Sala E, Moskowitz CS et al. Transition zone prostate cancers: features, detection, localization, and staging at endorectal MR imaging. Radiology293(3), 784–792 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• de Jong IJ, Pruim J, Elsing PH et al. Visualization of prostate cancer with 11C-choline positron emission tomography. Eur. Urol.42(1), 18–23 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beyer T, Townsend DW, Brun T et al. A combined PET/CT scanner for clinical oncology. J. Nucl. Med.41(8), 1369–1379 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martorana G, Schiavina R, Corti B et al. 11C-choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography for tumor localization of primary prostate cancer in comparison with 12-core biopsy. J. Urol.176(3), 954–960 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karakiewicz PI, Bazinet M, Aprikian AG et al. Outcome of sextant biopsy according to gland volume. Urology49(1), 555–559 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• Autorino R, De Sio M, Di Lorenzo G et al. How to decrease pain during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a look at the literature. J. Urol.174(6), 2091–2097 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nash PA, Bruce JE, Indudhara R et al. Transrectal ultrasound guided prostatic nerve blockade eases systematic needle biopsy of the prostate. J. Urol.155(2), 607–609 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis M, Sofer M, Kim SS et al. The procedure of transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate: a survey of patient preparation and biopsy technique. J. Urol.167(2 Pt 1), 566–570 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez A, Kyriakou G, Leray E et al. Prospective study comparing two methods of anaesthesia for prostate biopsies: apex periprostatic nerve block versus intrarectal lidocaine gel: review of the literature. Eur. Urol.44(2), 195–200 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mutaguchi K, Shinohara K, Matsubara A, Yasumoto H, Mita K, Usui T. Local anesthesia during 10 core biopsy of the prostate: comparison of 2 methods. J. Urol.173(3), 742–745 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Desgrandchamps F, Meria P, Irani J et al. The rectal administration of lidocaine gel and tolerance of transrectal ultrasonography-guided biopsy of the prostate: a prospective randomized placebo-controlled study. BJU Int.83(9), 1007–1009 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Issa MM, Bux S, Chun T et al. A randomized prospective trial of intrarectal lidocaine for pain control during transrectal prostate biopsy: the Emory University experience. J. Urol.164(2), 397–399 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stirling BN, Shockley KF, Carothers GG et al. Comparison of local anesthesia techniques during transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies. Urology60(1), 89–92 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obek C, Ozkan B, Tunc B et al. Comparison of 3 different methods of anesthesia before transrectal prostate biopsy: a prospective randomized trial. J. Urol.172(2), 502–505 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fink KG, Gnad A, Meissner P et al. Lidocaine suppositories for prostate biopsy. BJU Int.96(7), 1028–1030 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haq A, Patel HR, Habib MR et al. Diclofenac suppository analgesia for transrectal ultrasound guided biopsies of the prostate: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. J. Urol.171(4), 1489–1491 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kravchick S, Peled R, Ben-Dor D et al. Comparison of different local anesthesia techniques during TRUS-guided biopsies: a prospective pilot study. Urology65(1), 109–113 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Autorino R, De Sio M, Di Lorenzo G et al. How to decrease pain during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a look at the literature. J. Urol.174(6), 2091–2097 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masood J, Shah N, Lane T et al. Nitrous oxide (Entonox) inhalation and tolerance of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a double-blind randomized controlled study. J. Urol.168(1), 116–120 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntyre IG, Dixon A, Pantelides ML. Entonox analgesia for prostatic biopsy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis.6(3), 235–238 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dogan HS, Eskicorapci SY, Ertoy-Baydar D et al. Can we obtain better specimens with an end-cutting prostatic biopsy device? Eur. Urol.47(3), 297–301 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozden E, Gogus C, Tulunay O et al. The long core needle with an end-cut technique for prostate biopsy: does it really have advantages when compared with standard needles? Eur. Urol.45(3), 287–291 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jhavar S, Corbishley CM, Dearnaley D et al. Construction of tissue microarrays from prostate needle biopsy specimens. Br. J. Cancer93(4), 478–482 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanbrough M, Bubley GJ, Ross K et al. Increased expression of genes converting adrenal androgens to testosterone in androgen-independent prostate Cancer Res.66(5), 2815–2825 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein E, Urisman A, Molinaro R et al. Identification of a novel gammaretrovirus in prostate tumors of patients homozygous for R462Q RNASEL variant. PLoS Pathog.2(3), e25 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Cross D, Bermester JK. Gene therapy for cancer treatment: past, present and future. Clin. Med. Res.4(3), 218–227 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaplan I, Oldenburg NE, Meskell P et al. Real time MRI-ultrasound image guided stereotactic prostate biopsy. Magn. Reson. Imaging20(3), 295–299 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu Y, Williams S, Zwiggelaar R. Computer technology in detection and staging of prostate carcinoma: a review. Med. Image Anal.10(2), 178–199 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar