62
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Perspective

Low-risk papillary thyroid cancer: times are changing

References

  • Hundahl SA, Cady B, Cunningham MP et al. Initial results from a prospective cohort study of 5583 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated in the United States during 1996. U.S. and German Thyroid Cancer Study Group. An American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer Patient Care Evaluation study. Cancer 89(1), 202–217 (2012).
  • Elisei R, Molinaro E, Agate L et al. Are the clinical and pathological features of differentiated thyroid carcinoma really changed over the last 35 years? Study on 4187 patients from a single Italian institution to answer this question. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95(4), 1516–1527 (2010).
  • Mazzaferri EL, Young RL, Oertel JE et al. Papillary thyroid carcinoma: The impact of therapy in 576 patients. Medicine 56(3), 171–196 (1977).
  • Mazzaferri EL, Young RL. Papillary thyroid carcinoma. Am. J. Med. 70(3), 511–518 (1981).
  • DeGroot LJ, Kaplan EL, Straus FH et al. Does the method of management of papillary thyroid carcinoma make a difference in outcome? World J. Surg. 18(1), 123–130 (1994).
  • Schlumberger MJ. Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 338(5), 297–306 (1998).
  • Cooper DS, Doherty GM, Haugen BR et al. Management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 16(2), 109–142 (2006).
  • Cooper DS, Doherty GM, Haugen BR et al. Revised American Thyroid Association Management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer Thyroid 19(11), 1167–1214 (2009).
  • Block MA. Management of carcinoma of the thyroid. Ann. Surg. 185(2), 133–144 (1977).
  • Clark OH. Total thyroidectomy. The treatment of choice for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Ann. Surg. 196(3), 361–370 (1982).
  • Thompson NW, Nishiyama RH, Harness JK. Thyroid carcinoma current controversies. Curr. Probl. Surg. 113(4), 373–378 (1978).
  • Shah JP, Loree TR, Dharker D et al. Lobectomy versus total thyroidectomy for differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid. Am. J. Surg. 166(4), 331–335 (1993).
  • Shaha AR, Shah JP, Loree TR. Low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer: the need for selective treatment. Ann Surg. Oncol. 4(4), 328–333 (1997).
  • Wanebo H, Coburn M, Teates D et al. Total thyroidectomy does not enhance disease control or survival even in high-risk patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Ann. Surg. 227(6), 912–921 (1998).
  • Hay ID, Grant CS, Taylor WF et al. Ipsilateral lobectomy versus bilateral lobar resection in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of surgical outcome using a novel prognostic scoring index. Surgery 102(6), 1088–1095 (1987).
  • Bilimoria KY, Bentrem DJ, Ko CY et al. Extent of surgery affects survival for papillary thyroid cancer. Ann. Surg. 246(3), 375–384 (2007).
  • Frasoldati A, Pesenti M, Gallo M et al. Diagnosis of neck recurrences in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Cancer 97(1), 90–96 (2003).
  • Hoie J, Stenwig AE, Brennhord IO. Surgery in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a review of 730 patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 37(3), 147–151 (1988).
  • Tisell LE, Nilsson B, Mölne J et al. Improved survival of patients with papillary thyroid cancer after surgical microdissection. World J. Surg. 20(7), 854–859 (1996).
  • Mirallie E, Visset J, Sagan C et al. Localization of cervical node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. World J. Surg. 23(9), 970–973 (1999).
  • Roh JL, Kim JM, Park CI. Central cervical nodal metastasis from papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: pattern and factors predictive of nodal metastasis. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 15(9), 2482–2486 (2008).
  • Sugitani I, Fujimoto Y, Yamada K et al. Prospective outcomes of selective lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma based on preoperative ultrasonography. World J. Surg. 32(11), 2494–2502 (2008).
  • Wang TS, Cheung K, Farrokhyar F et al. A meta-analysis of the effect of prophylactic central compartment neck dissection on locoregional recurrence rates in patients with papillary thyroid cancer. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 20(11), 3477–3483 (2013).
  • Hartl DM, Mamelle E, Borget I et al. Influence of prophylactic neck dissection on rate of retreatment for papillary thyroid carcinoma. World J. Surg. 37(8), 1951–1958 (2013).
  • Barczyński M, Konturek A, Stopa M et al. Prophylactic central neck dissection for papillary thyroid cancer. Br. J. Surg. 100(3), 410–418 (2013).
  • Pereira JA, Jimeno J, Miquel J et al. Nodal yield, morbidity, and recurrence after central neck dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma. Surgery 138(6), 1095–1101 (2005).
  • Laird AM, Gauger PG, Miller BS et al. Evaluation of postoperative radioactive iodine scans in patients who underwent prophylactic central lymph node dissection. World J. Surg. 36(6), 1268–1273 (2012).
  • Hartl DM, Leboulleux S, Al Ghuzlan A et al. Optimization of staging of the neck with prophylactic central and lateral neck dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma. Ann. Surg. 255(4), 777–783 (2012).
  • Koo BS, Choi EC, Yoon YH et al. Predictive factors for ipsilateral or contralateral central lymph node metastasis in unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma. Ann. Surg. 249(5), 840–844 (2009).
  • Noguchi S, Noguchi A, Murakami N. Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. I. Developing pattern of metastasis. Cancer 26(11), 1053–1060 (1970).
  • White ML, Gauger PG, Doherty GM. Central lymph node dissection in differentiated thyroid cancer. World J. Surg. 31(5), 895–904 (2007).
  • Sitges-Serra A, Ruiz S, Girvent M et al. Outcome of protracted hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy. Br. J. Surg. 97(11), 1687–1695 (2010).
  • El Khatib Z, Lamblin J, Aubert S et al. Is thymectomy worthwhile in central lymph node dissection for differentiated thyroid cancer? World J. Surg. 34(6), 1181–1186 (2010).
  • Lee YS, Kim SW, Kim SW et al. Extent of routine central lymph node dissection with small papillary thyroid carcinoma. World J. Surg. 31(10), 1954–1959 (2007).
  • Henry JF, Gramatica L, Denizot A et al. Morbidity of prophylactic lymph node dissection in the central neck area in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Langenbecks Arch. Surg. 383(2), 167–169 (1998).
  • Rho JL, Park JY, Park Ch Il. Total thyroidectomy plus neck dissection in differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma patients: pattern of nodal metastasis, morbidity, recurrence, and postoperative levels of serum parathyroid hormone. Ann. Surg. 245(4), 604–610 (2007).
  • Lee YS, Lim YS, Lee JC et al. Clinical implication of the number of central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma: preliminary report. World J. Surg. 34(11), 2558–2563 (2010).
  • Bergamaschi R, Becouarn G, Ronceray J et al. Morbidity of thyroid surgery. Am. J. Surg. 176(1), 71–75 (1998).
  • Thomusch O, Machens A, Sekulla C et al. The impact of surgical technique on postoperative hypoparathyroidism in bilateral thyroid surgery: a multivariate analysis of 5846 consecutive patients. Surgery 133(2), 180–185 (2003).
  • Erbil Y, Barbaros U, Salmaslioğlu A et al. The advantage of near-total thyroidectomy to avoid postoperative hypoparathyroidism in benign multinodular goiter. Langenbecks Arch. Surg. 391(6), 567–573 (2006).
  • So YK, Seo MY, Son YI. Prophylactic central lymph node dissection for clinically node-negative papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: influence on serum thyroglobulin level, recurrence rate, and postoperative complications. Surgery 151(2), 192–198 (2012).
  • Popadich A, Levin O, Lee JC et al. A multicenter cohort study of total thyroidectomy and routine central lymph node dissection for cN0 papillary thyroid cancer. Surgery 150(6), 1048–1057 (2011).
  • Woolner LB. Thyroid carcinoma: pathologic classification with data on prognosis. Semin. Nucl. Med. 1(4), 481–502 (1971).
  • Cady B, Sedgwick CE, Meissner WA et al. Changing clinical, pathologic, therapeutic and survival patterns in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Ann. Surg. 184(5), 541–553 (1976).
  • Mazzaferri E, Kloos RT. Current approaches to primary therapy for papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 86(4), 1447–1463 (2001).
  • Hay ID, Bergstralh EJ, Goellner JR et al. Predicting outcome in papillary thyroid carcinoma: development of a reliable prognostic scoring system in a cohort of 1779 patients surgically treated at one institution during 1940 through 1989. Surgery 114(6), 1050–1057 (1993).
  • Andersen PE, Kinsella J, Loree TR et al. Differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid with extrathyroidal extension. Am. J. Surg. 170(5), 467–470 (1995).
  • Lang BH, Lo CY, Chan WF et al. Staging systems for papillary thyroid carcinoma: a review and comparison. Ann. Surg. 245(3), 366–378 (2007).
  • Byar DP, Green SB, Dor P et al. A prognostic index for thyroid carcinoma. A study of the E.O.R.T.C. Thyroid Cancer Cooperative Group. Eur. J. Cancer 15(8), 1033–1041 (1979).
  • Sugitani I, Kasai N, Fujimoto Y et al. A novel classification system for patients with PTC: addition of the new variables of large (3 cm or greater) nodal metastases and reclassification during the follow-up period. Surgery 135(2), 139–148 (2004).
  • Yamashita H, Noguchi S, Murakami N et al. Extracapsular invasion of lymph node metastasis is an indicator of distant metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with thyroid papillary cancer. Cancer 80(12), 2268–2272 (1997).
  • Lango M, Flieder D, Arrangoiz R et al. Extranodal extension of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma: correlation with biochemical endpoints, nodal persistence and systemic disease progression. Thyroid 23(9), 1099–1105 (2013).
  • Sebastián SO, González JM, Paricio P et al. Papillary thyroid carcinoma: prognostic index for survival including the histological variety. Arch. Surg. 135(3), 272–277 (2000).
  • Furlan JC, Bedard YC, Rosen IB. Clinicopathologic significance of histologic vascular invasion in papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 198(3), 341–348 (2004).
  • Gouveia C, Can NT, Bostrom A et al. Lack of association of BRAF V600E mutation with negative prognostic indicators in papillary thyroid carcinoma. JAMA Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2013.4501 (2013) (Epub ahead of print).
  • Hay ID. Management of patients with low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocr. Pract. 13(5), 521–533 (2007).
  • Yamashita H, Noguchi S, Yamashita H et al. Changing trends and prognoses for patients with papillary thyroid cancer. Arch. Surg. 133(10), 1058–1065 (1998).
  • Ito Y, Masuoka H, Fukushima M et al. Excellent prognosis of patients with solitary T1N0M0 papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent thyroidectomy and elective lymph node dissection without radioiodine therapy. World J. Surg. 34(6), 1285–1290 (2010).
  • Balan KK, Raouf AH, Critchley M. Outcome of 249 patients attending a nuclear medicine department with well differentiated thyroid cancer; a 23 year review. Br. J. Radiol. 67(795), 283–291 (1994).
  • Hay ID. Selective use of radioactive iodine in the postoperative management of patients with papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 94(8), 692–700 (2006).
  • Mazzaferri EL, Jhiang SM. Long-term impact of initial surgical and medical therapy on papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. Am. J. Med. 97(5), 418–428 (1994).
  • Schlumberger M, Catargi B, Borget I et al. Strategies of radioiodine ablation in patients with low-risk thyroid cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 366(18), 1663–1673 (2012).
  • Sacks W, Fung CH, Chang JT et al. The effectiveness of radioactive iodine for treatment of low-risk thyroid cancer: a systematic analysis of the peer-reviewed literature from 1966 to April 2008. Thyroid 20(11), 1235–1245 (2010).
  • Nixon IJ, Ganly I, Patel SG et al. The results of selective use of radioactive iodine on survival and on recurrence in the management of papillary thyroid cancer, based on Memorial Sloan-Kettering cancer center risk group stratification. Thyroid 23(6), 683–694 (2013).
  • Coburn M, Teates D, Wanebo HJ. Recurrent thyroid cancer. Role of surgery versus radioactive iodine (I131). Ann. Surg. 219(6), 587–593 (1994).
  • Lin JD, Chao TC, Chou SC et al. Papillary thyroid carcinomas with lung metastases. Thyroid 14(12), 1091–1096 (2004).
  • Kloos RT. Papillary thyroid cancer: medical management and follow-up. Curr. Treat. Options Oncol. 6(4), 323–338 (2005).
  • Mazzaferri EL, Robbins RJ, Spencer CA et al. A consensus report of the role of serum thyroglobulin as a monitoring method for low-risk patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88(4), 1433–1441 (2003).
  • Durante C, Attard M, Torlontano M et al. Identification and optimal post-surgical follow-up of patients with very low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinomas. J. Endocrinol. Metab. 95(11), 4882–4888 (2010).
  • Rosário PW, Borges MA, Fagundes TA et al. Is stimulation of thyroglobulin (Tg) useful in low-risk patients with thyroid carcinoma and undetectable Tg on thyroxin and negative neck ultrasound? Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 62(2), 121–125 (2005).
  • Trimboli P, La Torre D, Ceriani L et al. High sensitive thyroglobulin assay on thyroxine therapy: can it avoid stimulation test in low and high risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients? Horm. Metab. Res. 45(9), 664–668 (2013).
  • Melandrino P, Latina A, Marescalco S et al. Risk-adapted management of differentiated thyroid cancer assessed by a sensitive measurement of basal serum thyroglobulin. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 96(6), 1703–1709 (2011).
  • Grant CS, Stulak JM, Thompson GB et al. Risks and adequacy of an optimized surgical approach to the primary surgical management of papillary thyroid carcinoma treated during 1999–2006. World J. Surg. 34(6), 1239–1246 (2010).
  • Jonklaas J, Sarlis NJ, Lifosky D et al. Outcomes of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma following initial therapy. Thyroid 16(12), 1229–1242 (2006).
  • Sawka AM, Brierley JD, Tsang RW et al. An updated systematic review and commentary examining the effectiveness of radioactive iodine remnant ablation in well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 37(2), 457–480 (2008).
  • Brierley J, Tsang R, Panzarella T et al. Prognostic factors and the effect of treatment with radioactive iodine and external beam radiation on patients with differentiated cancer seen at a single institution over 40 years. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 63(4), 418–427 (2005).
  • Ibrahimpasic T, Nixon IJ, Palmer FL et al. Undetectable thyroglobulin after total thyroidectomy in patients with low- and intermediate-risk papillary thyroid cancer- is there a need for radioactive iodine therapy? Surgery 152(6), 1096–1105 (2012).
  • Randolph GW, Duh QY, Heller KS et al. The prognostic significance of nodal metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma can be stratified based on the size and number of metastatic lymph nodes, as well as the presence of extranodal extension. Thyroid 22(11), 1144–1152 (2012).
  • Robenshtok E, Fish S, Bach A et al. Suspicious cervical lymph nodes detected after thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer usually remain stable over years in properly selected patients. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97(8), 2706–2713 (2012).
  • Monchik JM, Donatini G, Iannuccilli J et al. Radiofrequency ablation and percutaneous ethanol injection treatment for recurrent local and distant well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Ann. Surg. 244(2), 296–304 (2006).
  • Sugitani I, Fujimoto Y. Does postoperative thyrotropin suppression therapy truly decreases recurrence in papillary thyroid carcinoma? A randomized controlled trial. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95(10), 4576–4583 (2010).
  • Durante C, Costante G, Filetti S. Differentiated thyroid carcinoma: defining new paradigms for postoperative management. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 20(4), R141–R154 (2013).
  • Stulak JM, Grant CS, Farley DR et al. Value of preoperative ultrasonography in the surgical management of initial and reoperative papillary thyroid cancer. Arch. Surg. 141(5), 489–494 (2006).
  • Tuttle RM, Tala H, Shah J et al. Estimating risk of recurrence in differentiated thyroid cancer after total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine remnant ablation: using response to therapy variables to modify the initial risk estimates predicted by the new American Thyroid Association staging system. Thyroid 20(12), 1341–1349 (2010).
  • Moynihan RN, Cooke GPE, Doust JA et al. Expanding disease definitions in guidelines and expert panel ties to industry: A cross-sectional study of common conditions in the United States. PLoS Med. 10(8), e1001500 (2013).
  • Dralle H, Musholt TJ, Schabram J et al. German Association of Endocrine Surgeons practice guideline for the surgical management of malignant thyroid tumors. Langenbecks Arch. Surg. 398(3), 347–375 (2013).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.