43
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Current and prospective treatment options for Sjögren’s syndrome

&
Pages 469-479 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014

References

  • Moutsopoulos HM, Tzioufas AG. Sjögren’s syndrome. In: Rheumatology (2nd Edition). Klippel JH, Dieppe PA (Eds). Mosby, St Louis, MO, USA 27, 1–12 (1994).
  • Fox RI. Sjogren’s syndrome [review]. Lancet366, 321–331 (2005).
  • Ioannidis JP, Vassiliou VA, Moutsopoulos HM. Long-term risk of mortality and lymphoproliferative disease and predictive classification of primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Arthritis Rheum.46, 741–747 (2002).
  • Dong L, Masaki Y, Takegami, T et al. Clonality analysis of lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome. Clin. Exp. Immunol.150, 279–284 (2007).
  • Masaki Y, Sugai S. Lymphoproliferative disorders in Sjögren’s syndrome. Autoimmun. Rev.3(3), 175–182 (2004).
  • Voulgarelis M, Dafni UG, Isenberg DA, Moutsopoulos HM. Malignant lymphoma in primary Sjogren’s syndrome: a multicenter, retrospective, clinical study by the European Concerted Action on Sjogren’s Syndrome. Arthritis Rheum.42, 1765–1772 (1999).
  • Cui G, Sugai S, Ogawa Y, Takeshita S, Masaki Y, Fukutoku M. [Long-term follow-up of 43 patients with Sjögren’s syndrome]. Ryumachi37(6), 770–780 (1997).
  • Skopouli FN, Dafni U, loannidis JP, Moutsopoulos HM. Clinical evolution, and morbidity and mortality of primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Semin. Arthritis Rheum.29, 296–304 (2000).
  • Vivino FB, Al-Hashimi I, Khan Z et al. Pilocarpine tablets for the treatment of dry mouth and dry eye symptoms in patients with Sjögren syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose, multicenter trial. P92-0I Study Group. Arch. Intern. Med.159, 174–181 (1999).
  • Petrone D, Condemi JJ, Fife R, Gluck O, Cohen S, Dalgin P. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of cevimeline in Sjogren’s syndrome patients with xerostomia and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Arthritis Rheum.46, 748–754 (2002).
  • Pijpe J, van Imhoff GW, Spijkervet FK et al. Rituximab treatment in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome: an open-label Phase II study. Arthritis Rheum.52, 2740–2750 (2005).
  • Nakamura H, Kawakami A, Eguchi K. Mechanisms of autoantibody production and the relationship between autoantibodies and the clinical manifestations in Sjogren’s syndrome. Transl. Res.148(6), 281–288 (2006).
  • Salomonsson S, Jonsson MV, Skarstein K et al. Cellular basis of ectopic germinal center formation and autoantibody production in the target organ of patients with Sjogren’s syndrome. Arthritis Rheum.48, 3187–3201 (2003).
  • Pers JO, Devauchelle V, Daridon C et al. BAFF-modulated repopulation of B lymphocytes in the blood and salivary glands of rituximab-treated patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Arthritis Rheum.56, 1464–1477 (2007).
  • Ramos-Casals M, Brito-Zeron P. New approaches in Sjögren’s syndrome therapy. Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol.3, 195–204 (2007).
  • Thanou-Stavraki A, James JA. Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome. Current and prospective therapies. Semin. Arthtitis Rheum.37(5), 273–292 (2008).
  • Cohen EJ. Punctal occlusion. Arch. Ophthalmol.117, 389–390 (1999).
  • Noble BA, Loh RS, MacLennan S et al. Comparison of autologous serum eye drops with conventional therapy in a randomised controlled crossover trial for ocular surface disease. Br. J. Ophthalmol.88, 647–652 (2004).
  • Geerling G, Maclennan S, Hartwig D. Autologous serum eye drops for ocular surface disorders. Br. J. Ophthalmol.88, 1467–1474 (2004).
  • Liu L, Hartwig D, Harloff S et al. Corneal epitheliotrophic capacity of three different blood-derived preparations. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.47, 2438–2444 (2006).
  • Sail K, Stevenson OD, Mundorf TK, Reis BL. Two multicenter, randomized studies of the efficacy and safety of cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion in moderate to severe dry eye disease. CsA Phase 3 Study Group. Ophthalmol.107, 631–639 (2000).
  • Kunert KS, Tisdale AS, Stern ME, Smith JA, Gipson IK. Analysis of topical cyclosporine treatment of patients with dry eye syndrome: effect on conjunctival lymphocytes. Arch. Ophthalmol.118, 1489–1496 (2000).
  • Tsubota K, Fujita H, Tadano K et al. Improvement of lacrimal function by topical application of CyA in murine models of Sjogren’s syndrome. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.42, 101–110 (2001).
  • Strong B, Farley W, Stern ME, Pflugfelder SC. Topical cyclosporine inhibits conjunctival epithelial apoptosis in experimental murine keratoconjunctivitis sicca Cornea24, 80–85 (2005).
  • Taylor P. Cholinergic agonists. In: Goodman and Gilman’s: The Pharmacologic Basis of Therapeutics (8th Edition). Gilman AG, Rail TW, Nies AS, Taylor P (Eds). Pergamon Press Inc., NY, USA 122–130 (1990).
  • Tsifetaki N, Kitsos G, Paschides CA et al. Oral pilocarpine for the treatment of ocular symptoms in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome: a randomised 12 week controlled study. Ann. Rheum. Dis.62, 1204–1207 (2003).
  • Aragona P, Di Pietro R, Spinella R, Mobrici M. Conjunctival epithelium improvement after systemic pilocarpine in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome. Br. J. Ophthalmol.90, 166–170 (2006).
  • Ono M, Takamura E, Sliinozaki K et al. Therapeutic effect of cevimeline on dry eye in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome: a randomized, double-blind clinical study. Am. J. Ophthalmol.138, 6–17 (2004).
  • Urashima H, Okamoto T, Takeji Y, Shinohara H, Fujisawa S. Rebamipide increases the amount of mucin-like substances on the conjunctiva and cornea in the N-acetylcysteine-treated in vivo model. Cornea23(6), 613–619 (2004).
  • Nakamura M, Endo K, Nakata K, Hamano T. Gefarnate increases PAS positive cell density in rabbit conjunctiva. Br. J. Ophthalmol.82(11), 1320–1323 (1998).
  • Toshida H, Nakata K, Hamano T, Nakamura M, Nguyen D, Beuerman RW. Effect of gefarnate on the ocular surface in squirrel monkeys. Cornea21(3), 292–299 (2002).
  • Fife RS, Chase WF, Dore RK et al. Cevimeline for the treatment of xerostomia in patients with Sjogren syndrome: a randomized trial. Arch. Intern. Med.162, 1293–1300 (2002).
  • Rosas J, Ramos-Casals M, Ena J et al. Usefulness of basal and pilocarpine-stimulated salivary flow in primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Correlation with clinical, immunological and histological features. Rheumatology (Oxford)41, 670–675 (2002).
  • Yamada H, Nakagawa Y, Wakamatsu E et al. Efficacy prediction of cevimeline in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome. Clin. Rheumatol.26(8), 1320–1327 (2007).
  • Hadden WB. On ‘dry mouth’ or suppression of the salivary and buccal secretions. Trans. Clin. Soc. London Bd.21(Suppl. 176), (1888).
  • Brown JH, Taylor P. Muscarinic receptor agonists and antagonists. In: Goodman and Gilman’s the Pharmacologic Basis of Therapeutics (10th Edition). Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Goodman Gilman A (Eds). McGraw-Hill, NY, USA 155–173 (2001).
  • Johnson JT, Ferretti GA, Nethery WJ et al. Oral pilocarpine for post-irradiation xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.329, 390–395 (1993).
  • Sugai S, Koike T, Miyasaka N, Fujibayashi T, Konno A, Origasa H. [Dose-finding study of oral pilocarpine for the treatment of xerostomia associated with Sjögren’s syndrome]. Jpn. Pharmacol. Ther.35(Suppl.), S141–S153 (2007).
  • Sugai S, Miyasaka N, Koike T, Origasa H, Sumida T, Kawai S. [Long-term study of oral pilocarpine for the treatment of xerostomia associated with Sjögren’s syndrome]. Jpn. Pharmacol. Ther.35(Suppl.) S155–S167 (2007).
  • Bernardi R, Perin C, Becker FL et al. Effect of pilocarpine mouthwash on salivary flow. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res.35(1), 105–110 (2002).
  • Gibson J, Halliday JA, Ewert K, Robertson S. A controlled release pilocarpine buccal insert in the treatment of Sjögren’s syndrome. Br. Dent. J.202(7), E17, 404–405 (2007).
  • Ohtani Y. [The Phase I study on FKS-508- single and a series dosage]. Rinnsho Iyaku6, 1551–1576 (1990).
  • Iwabuchi Y, Masuhara T. Sialogogic activities of SNI-2011 compared with those of pilocarpine and McN-A-343 in rat salivary glands: identification of a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of Sjögren’s syndrome. Gen. Pharmac.25, 123–129 (1994).
  • Suzuki K, Matsumoto M, Nakashima M et al. Effect of cevimeline on salivary components in patients with Sjogren syndrome. Pharmacology74, 100–105 (2005).
  • Takagi Y, Kimura Y, Nakamura T. Cevimeline gargle for the treatment of xerostomia in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome. Ann. Rheum. Dis.63, 749 (2004).
  • Witherspoon LR. The interferons – clinical applications and new technologies. J. Nucl. Med.25, 817–821 (1984).
  • Cummins JM, Beilharz MW, Krakowka S. Oral use of interferon. J. Interferon Cytokine Res.19, 853–857 (1999).
  • Shiozawa S, Kuroki Y, Yoshihara R et al. Increasing effect of oral interferon-α in saliva secretion of Sjogren’s syndrome patients. Annual Meeting of the Japan Rheumatology Association, Nagoya, Japan, May 22–24, 1993. Abstract W-12–10.
  • Shiozawa S, Tanaka Y, Shiozawa K. Single-blinded controlled trial of low-dose oral IFN-α for the treatment of xerostomia in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome. J. Interferon Cytokine Res.18, 255–262 (1998).
  • Ship JA, Fox PC, Michalek JE, Cummins MJ, Richards AB. Treatment of primary Sjogren’s syndrome with low-dose natural human interferon-α administered by the oromucosal route: a Phase II clinical trial. IFN Protocol Study Group. J. Interferon Cytokine Res.19, 943–951 (1999).
  • Cummins JM, Papas A, Kammer GM, Fox PC. Treatment of primary Sjögren’s syndrome with low-dose human interferon-α administered by the oromucosal route: combined Phase III results. Arthritis Rheum.49, 585–593 (2003).
  • Smith JK, Siddiqui AA, Modica LA et al. interferon-α upregulates gene expression of aquaporin-5 in human parotid glands. J. Interferon Cytokine Res.19(8), 929–935 (1999).
  • Arakawa T, Higuchi K, Fujiwara Y et al. 5th anniversary of rebamipide: looking ahead to the new mechanisms and new applications. Dig. Dis. Sci.50(Suppl. 1), S3–S11 (2005).
  • Bamba H, Ota S, Kato A et al. Effect of rebamipide on prostaglandin receptors-mediated increase of inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.18(Suppl. 1), 113–118 (2003).
  • Kohashi M, Ishimaru N, Arakaki R, Hayashi Y. Effective treatment of a mouse model of Sjögren’s syndrome with oral administration of rebamipide. Arthritis Rheum.58(2), 389–400 (2008).
  • Sugai S, Konda S, Shirasaki Y, Murayama T, Nishikawa T. Non-IgM monoclonal gammopathy in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Am. J. Med.68, 861–866 (1980).
  • Ramos-Casals M, Anaya JM, García-Carrasco M et al. Cutaneous vasculitis in primary Sjögren syndrome: classification and clinical significance of 52 patients. Medicine (Baltimore)83, 96–106 (2004).
  • Ferri C, Mascia MT. Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol.18, 54–63 (2006).
  • Zaja F, De Vita S, Mazzaro C et al. Efficacy and safety of rituximab in type II mixed cryoglobulinemia. Blood101, 3827–3834 (2003).
  • Voulgarelis M, Giannouli S, Tzioufas AG, Moutsopoulos HM. Long term remission of Sjögren’s syndrome associated aggressive B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas following combined B cell depletion therapy and CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone). Ann. Rheum. Dis.65, 1033–1037 (2006).
  • Ansell SM, Armitage J. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clin. Proc.80, 1087–1097 (2005).
  • Miyawaki S, Nishiyama S, Matoba K. Efficacy of low-dose prednisolone maintenance for saliva production and serological abnormalities in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Intern. Med.38, 938–943 (1999).
  • Zandbelt MM, van den Hoogen FH, de Wilde PC, van den Berg PJ, Schneider HG, van de Putte LB. Reversibility of histological and immunohistological abnormalities in sublabial salivary gland biopsy specimens following treatment with corticosteroids in Sjogren’s syndrome. Ann. Rheum. Dis.60, 511–513 (2001).
  • Izumi M, Eguchi K, Nakamura H, Takagi Y, Kawabe Y, Nakamura T. Corticosteroid irrigation of parotid gland for treatment of xerostomia in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome. Ann. Rheum. Dis.57, 464–469 (1998).
  • Fox RI, Chan E, Benton L, Fong S, Friedlaender M, Howell FV. Treatment of primary Sjogren’s syndrome with hydroxychloroquine. Am. J. Med.85, 62–67 (1988).
  • Tishler M, Yaron I, Shirazi I, Yaron M. Hydroxychloroquine treatment for primary Sjögren’s syndrome: its effect on salivary and serum inflammatory markers. Ann. Rheum. Dis.58, 253–256 (1999).
  • Hirohata S, Nakanishi K, Yanagida T. Inhibition of cyclin A gene expression in human B cells by an immunosuppressant mizoribine. Clin. Exp. Immunol.120, 448–453 (2000).
  • Kamada H, Itoh H, Shibata H, Koshio T, Hayashi A, Nakagami K. Inhibitory mechanism of mizoribine on the antibody production of mouse B cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Jpn. J. Pharmacol.74, 323–330 (1997).
  • Mizuno K, Tsujino M, Takada M, Hayashi M, Atsumi K, Matsuda T. Studies on bredinin. I. Isolation, characterization and biological properties. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo)27, 775–784 (1974).
  • Nakayamada S, Saito K, Nakatsuka K et al. Efficacy of mizoribine treatment in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome: an open pilot trial. Mod. Rheumatol.13, 339–345 (2003).
  • Nakayamada S, Saito K, Umehara H et al. Efficacy and safety of mizoribine for treatment of Sjögren’s syndrome: a multicenter open-label clinical trial. Mod. Rheumatol.17(6), 464–469 (2007).
  • Noelle RJ, Roy M, Shepherd DM, Stamenkovic I, Ledbetter JA, Aruffo A. A 39 kDa protein on activated helper T cells binds CD40 and transduces the signal for cognate activation of B cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA89, 6550–6554 (1992).
  • Hollenbaugh D, Grosmaire LS, Kullas CD et al. The human T cell antigen gp39, a member of the TNF gene family, is a ligand for the CD40 receptor: expression of a soluble form of gp39 with B cell co-stimulatory activity. EMBO J.11(12), 4313–4321 (1992).
  • Van den Eertwegh AJ, Noelle RJ, Roy M et al.in vivo CD40–gp39 interactions are essential for thymus-dependent humoral immunity. I. in vivo expression of CD40 ligand, cytokines, and antibody production delineates sites of cognate T–B cell interactions. J. Exp. Med.178, 1555–1565 (1993).
  • Gray D, Siepmann K, Wohlleben G. CD40 ligation in B cell activation, isotype switching and memory development. Semin. Immunol.6, 303–310 (1994).
  • Kessler HS. A laboratory model for Sjogren’s syndrome. Am. J. Pathol.52, 671–685 (1968).
  • Cui G, Sugai S. [Suppression of autoimmune diseases by blockade of the CD40-CD40L interaction]. J. Kanazawa Med. Univ.24, 137–144 (1999).
  • Mariette X, Ravaud P, Steinfeld S et al. Inefficacy of infliximab in primary Sjogren’s syndrome: results of the randomized, controlled trial of remicade in primary Sjogren’s syndrome (TRIPSS). Arthritis Rheum.50, 1270–1276 (2004).
  • Zandbelt MM, de Wilde P, van Damme P, Hoyng CB, van de Putte L, van den Hoogen F. Etanercept in the treatment of patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome: a pilot study. J. Rheumatol.31, 96–101 (2004).
  • Sankar V, Brennan MT, Kok MR et al. Etanercept in Sjogren’s syndrome: a twelve-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum.50, 2240–2245 (2004).
  • Devauchelle-Pensec V, Pennec Y, Morvan J et al. Improvement of Sjögren’s syndrome after two infusions of rituximab (anti-CD20). Arthritis Rheum.57, 310–317 (2007).
  • Looney RJ. Will targeting B cells be the answer for Sjogren’s syndrome? Arthritis Rheum.56(5), 1371–1377 (2007).
  • Isaacson PG. Update on MALT lymphoma. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol.18(1), 57–68 (2005).
  • Sakaguchi S, Sakaguchi N, Shimizu J et al. Immunologic tolerance maintained by CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells: their common role in controlling autoimmunity, tumor immunity, and transplantation tolerance. Immunol. Rev.182(8), 18–32 (2001).
  • Li X, Li X, Qian L et al. T regulatory cells are markedly diminished in diseased salivary glands of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome. J. Rheumatol.34(12), 2438–2445 (2007).
  • Kok MR, Yamano S, Lodde BM et al. Local adeno-associated virus-mediated interleukin 10 gene transfer has disease-modifying effects in a murine model of Sjögren’s syndrome. Hum. Gene Ther.20, 1605–1618 (2003).
  • Shan Z, Li J, Zheng C et al. Increased fluid secretion after adenoviral-mediated transfer of the human aquaporin-1 cDNA to irradiated miniature pig parotid glands. Mol. Ther.11(3), 444–451 (2005).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.