Precautions for the use of Q-switched neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser for treatment of melasma

References

• Ostovari N, Mohtasham N, Oadras MS, Malekzad F. 532-nm and 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser therapy for reduction of pigmentation in macular amyloidosis patches. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 22(4), 442–446 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Salem A, El Harras M, Ramadan A, Gamil H, Rahman AA, El-Said K. Use of the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of pigmentary disorders in Egyptians. J. Cosmet. Laser. Ther. 12(2), 92–100 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landau JM, Vergilis-Kalner I, Goldberg LH, Geronemus RG, Friedman PM. Treatment of Nevus of Ota in Fitzpatrick skin type VI with the 1064-nm QS Nd:YAG laser. Lasers Surg. Med. 43(2), 65–67 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Polnikorn N, Tanrattanakorn S, Goldberg DJ. Treatment of Hori's nevus with the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Dermatol. Surg. 26(5), 477–480 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cho SB, Park SJ, Kim MJ, Bu TS. Treatment of acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules (Hori's nevus) using 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with low fluence. Int. J. Dermatol. 48(12), 1308–1312 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rigopoulos D, Gregoriou S, Katsambas A. Hyperpigmentation and melasma. J. Cosmet. Dermatol. 6(3), 195–202 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prignano F, Ortonne JP, Buggiani G, Lotti T. Therapeutical approaches in melasma. Dermatol. Clin. 25(3), 337–342 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ardigo M, Cameli N, Berardesca E, Gonzalez S. Characterization and evaluation of pigment distribution and response to therapy in melasma using in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy: a preliminary study. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 24, 1296–1303 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wattanakrai P, Mornchan R, Eimpunth S. Low-fluence Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (1,064 nm) laser for the treatment of facial melasma in Asians. Dermatol. Surg. 36(1), 76–87 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polnikorn N. Treatment of refractory dermal melasma with the MedLite C6 Q-switched Nd:YAG laser: two case reports. J. Cosmet. Laser. Ther. 10(3), 167–173 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg DJ, Whitworth J. Laser skin resurfacing with the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Dermatol. Surg. 23(10), 903–906, discussion 906–907 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chan NP, Ho SG, Shek SY, Yeung CK, Chan HH. A case series of facial depigmentation associated with low fluence Q-switched 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser for skin rejuvenation and melasma. Lasers Surg. Med. 42(8), 712–719 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JH, Kim H, Park HC, Kim IH. Subcellular selective photothermolysis of melanosomes in adult zebrafish skin following 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser irradiation. J. Invest. Dermatol. 130(9), 2333–2335 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mun JY, Jeong SY, Kim JH, Han SS, Kim IH. A low fluence Q-switched Nd:YAG laser modifies the 3D structure of melanocyte and ultrastructure of melanosome by subcellular-selective photothermolysis. J. Elect. Micros. 60(1), 11–18 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim JE, Chang SE, Yeo UC, Haw S, Kim IH. Histopathological study of the treatment of melasma lesions using a low-fluence Q-switched 1064-nm neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 38(2), 167–171 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou X, Gold MH, Lu Z, Li Y. Efficacy and safety of Q-switched 1,064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser treatment of melasma. Dermatol. Surg. 37(7), 962–970 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang WH, Yoon KH, Lee ES et al. Melasma: histopathological characteristics in 56 Korean patients. Br. J. Dermatol. 146(2), 228–237 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kar HK, Gupta L, Chauhan A. A comparative study on efficacy of high and low fluence Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and glycolic acid peel in melasma. Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol. 78(2), 165–171 (2012).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kang HY, Suzuki I, Lee DJ et al. Transcriptional profiling shows altered expression of wnt pathway- and lipid metabolism-related genes as well as melanogenesis-related genes in melasma. J. Invest. Dermatol. 131(8), 1692–1700 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dang Y, Ren Q, Li W, Yang Q, Zhang J. Comparison of biophysical properties of skin measured by using non-invasive techniques in the KM mice following 595 nm pulsed dye, 1064 nm Q-Switched Nd:YAG and 1320 nm Nd:YAG laser non-ablative rejuvenation. Skin Res. Technol. 12, 119–125 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Cho HJ, Chung BY, Lee HB, Kim HO, Park CW, Lee CH. Quantitative study of stratum corneum ceramides contents in patients with sensitive skin. J. Dermatol. 39(3), 295–300 (2012).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee HS, Won CH, Lee DH et al. Treatment of melasma in Asian skin using a fractional 1,550-nm laser: an open clinical study. Dermatol. Surg. 35(10), 1499–1504 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang CC, Huang CL, Lee SC, Sue YM, Leu FJ. Treatment of cosmetic tattoos with nonablative fractional laser in an animal model: a novel method with histopathologic evidence. Lasers Surg. Med. 45(2), 116–122 (2013).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim MJ, Kim JS, Cho SB. Punctate leucoderma after melasma treatment using 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with low pulse energy. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 23(8), 960–962 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim T, Cho SB, Oh SH. Punctate leucoderma after 1,064-nm Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser with low-fluence therapy: is it melanocytopenic or melanopenic?. Dermatol. Surg. 36(11), 1790–1791 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ryu HJ, Kim J. A case of mottled hypopigmentation after low-fluence 1,064-nm Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser therapy. J. Cosmet. Laser Ther. 15(5), 290–292 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho SB, Kim JS, Kim MJ. Melasma treatment in Korean women using a 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with low pulse energy. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 34(8), e847–e850 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Kim HS, Jung HD, Kim HO, Lee JY, Park YM. Punctate leucoderma after low-fluence 1,064-nm quality-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser therapy successfully managed using a 308-nm excimer laser. Dermatol. Surg. 38(5), 821–823 (2012).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reszko A, Sukal SA, Geronemus RG. Reversal of laser-induced hypopigmentation with a narrow-band UV-B light source in a patient with skin type VI. Dermatol. Surg. 34(10), 1423–1426 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massaki AB, Fabi SG, Fitzpatrick R. Repigmentation of hypopigmented scars using an erbium-doped 1,550-nm fractionated laser and topical bimatoprost. Dermatol. Surg. 38(7 Pt.), 995–1001 (2012).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee WJ, Kim YJ, Noh TK, Chang SE. Formation of new melasma lesions in the periorbital area following high-fluence, 1064-nm, Q-switched Nd/YAG laser. J. Cosmet. Laser Ther. 15(3), 163–165 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park GH, Lee JH, Choi JR, Chang SE. The degree of erythema in melasma lesion is associated with the severity of disease and the response to the low-fluence Q-switched 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser treatment. J. Dermatol. Treat. 24(4), 297–299 (2012).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim EH, Kim YC, Lee ES, Kang HY. The vascular characteristics of melasma. J. Dermatol. Sci. 46(2), 111–116 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung WK, Yang JH, Lee DW et al. Paradoxical darkening of unperceived tattoo ink after relatively low fluence from a Q-switched Nd:YAG (1064-nm) laser in the course of treatment for melasma. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 34(8), e555–e557 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Chan HH, Xiang L, Leung JC, Tsang KW, Lai KN. In vitro study examining the effect of sub-lethal QS 755 nm lasers on the expression of p16INK4a on melanoma cell lines. Lasers Surg. Med. 32(2), 88–93 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chan HH, Yang CH, Leung JC, WeiWI, Lai KN. An animal study of the effects on p16 and PCNA expression of repeated treatment with high-energy laser and intense pulsed light exposure. Lasers Surg. Med. 39(1), 8–13 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shin JU, Park J, Oh SH, Lee JH. Oral tranexamic acid enhances the efficacy of low-fluence 1064-nm quality-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser treatment for melasma in Koreans: a randomized, prospective trial. Dermatol. Surg. 39(3 Pt 1), 435–442 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polnikorn N. Treatment of refractory melasma with the MedLite C6 Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and alpha arbutin: a prospective study. J. Cosmet. Laser Ther. 12(3), 126–131 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong SY, Shin JB, Yeo UC, Kim WS, Kim IH. Low-fluence Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser for melasma with pre- or post-treatment triple combination cream. Dermatol. Surg. 36(6), 909–918 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi M, Choi JW, Lee SY, Choi SY, Park HJ, Park KC, Youn SW, Huh CH. Low-dose 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of melasma. J. Dermatol. Treat. 21(4), 224–228 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suh KS, Sung JY, Roh HJ, Jeon YS, Kim YC, Kim ST. Efficacy of the 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in melasma. J. Dermatol. Treat. 22(4), 233–238 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park KY, Kim DH, Kim HK, Li K, Seo SJ, Hong CK. A randomized, observer-blinded, comparison of combined 1064-nm Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser plus 30% glycolic acid peel vs. laser monotherapy to treat melasma. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 36(8), 864–870 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown AS, Hussain M, Goldberg DJ. Treatment of melasma with low fluence, large spot size, 1064-nm Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser for the treatment of melasma in Fitzpatrick skin types II-IV. J. Cosmet. Laser Ther. 13(6), 280–282 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kauvar AN. The evolution of melasma therapy: targeting melanosomes using low-fluence Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet lasers. Semin. Cutan Med. Surg. 31(2), 126–132 (2012).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Na SY, Cho S, Lee JH. Intense Pulsed Light and Low-Fluence Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser Treatment in Melasma Patients. Ann. Dermatol. 24(3), 267–273 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bansal C, Naik H, Kar HK, Chauhan A. A Comparison of Low-Fluence 1064-nm Q-Switched Nd: YAG Laser with Topical 20% Azelaic Acid Cream and their Combination in Melasma in Indian Patients. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 5(4), 266–272 (2012).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim JS, Kim MJ, Cho SB. Treatment of segmental café-au-lait macules using 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with low pulse energy. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 34(7), e223–224 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Cho SB, Park SJ, Kim JS, Kim MJ, Bu TS. Treatment of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation using 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with low fluence: report of three cases. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 23(10), 1206–1207 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cho SB, Lee JH, Lee SH, Lee SJ, Bang D, Oh SH. Efficacy and safety of 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with low fluence for keloids and hypertrophic scars. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 24(9), 1070–1074 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim S, Cho KH. Treatment of facial postinflammatory hyperpigmentation with facial acne in Asian patients using a Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser. Dermatol. Surg. 36(9), 1374–1380 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cho S, Jung JY, Lee JH. Erythema ab igne successfully treated using 1,064-nm Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser with low fluence. Dermatol. Surg. 37(4), 551–553 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Han TY, Chang HS, Lee HK, Son SJ. Successful treatment of argyria using a low-fluence Q-switched 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser. Int. J. Dermatol. 50(6), 751–753 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xu TH, Yang ZH, Li YH et al. Treatment of infraorbital dark circles using a low-fluence Q-switched 1,064-nm laser. Dermatol. Surg. 37(6), 797–803 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cho S, Lee SJ, Lee JH, Cho SB. Treatment of Davener's dermatosis using a 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with low fluence. Int. J. Dermatol. 51(11), 1394–1396 (2012).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee EH, Kang JS, Kang DS, Han CS, Cho SB. Combination of 1064-nm Q-switched neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser with low fluence and 578-/511-nm copper bromide laser for nipple-areolar hyperpigmentation. J. Dermatol. 39(1), 110–112 (2012).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee Y, Choi EH, Lee SW. Low-fluence Q-switched 1,064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser for the treatment of facial partial unilateral lentiginosis in Koreans. Dermatol. Surg. 38(1), 31–37 (2012).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim JE, Won CH, Chang S, Lee MW, Choi JH, Moon KC. Linear lichen planus pigmentosus of the forehead treated by neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser and topical tacrolimus. J. Dermatol. 39(2), 189–191 (2012).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee MC, Hu S, Chen MC, Shih YC, Huang YL, Lee SH. Skin rejuvenation with 1,064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in Asian patients. Dermatol. Surg. 35(6), 929–932 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hwang CY, Lin CS, Tseng ML, Liu HN. Spotted leucoderma after treatment of facial hyperpigmentation on hemodialysis patients employing 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. J. Cosmet. Laser Ther. 12(1), 47–50 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar