Thrombophilias in pregnancy and their role in preeclampsia

References

• Montella K. Pregnancy-related thrombosis and thrombophilia update: a case for prevention. J. Obstet. Gynecol.23(5), 550–554 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kupferminc MJ. Thrombophilia and pregnancy. Curr. Pharm. Des.11(6), 735–748 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen A, Ravn P. High frequency of congenital thrombophilia in women with pathological pregnancies? Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand.83, 808–817 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloomenthal D, von Dadeslzen P, Liston R, Magee L, Tsang P. The effect of Factor V Leiden carriage on maternal and fetal health. Can. Med. Assoc. J.167, 48–54 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockwood CJ. Inherited thrombophilias in pregnant patients: detection and treatment paradigm. Obstet. Gynecol.99, 333–341 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins JR, Kaiser T, Moses EK, North R, Brennecke SP. Prothrombin G20210A mutation: is it associated with preeclampsia? Gynecol. Obstet. Invest.50, 254–257 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson ML, Goodwin TM, Pan VL, Ingles SA. Molecular epidemiology of preeclampsia. Obstet. Gynecol. Surv.58, 39–66 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glueck CJ, Kupferminc MJ, Fontaine RN et al. Genetic hypofibrinolysis in complicated pregnancies. Obstet. Gynecol.97, 44–48 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tranquilli AL, Giannubilo SR, Dell’Uomo B, Grandone E. Adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with multiple maternal thrombophilic factors. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol.117, 144–147 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khare M, Nelson-Piercy C. Acquired thrombophilias and pregnancy. Best Prac. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol.17(3), 491–507 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyakis S, Lockshin MD, Atsumi T et al. International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). J. Thromb. Haemost.4, 295–306 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordaan DJ, Schoon MG, Badenhorst PN. Thrombophilia screening in pregnancy. Obstet. Gynecol. Surv.60(6), 394–404 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanson BJ, Friederich PW, Simioni P et al. The risk of abortion and stillbirth in antithrombin, protein C, and protein S-deficient women. Thromb. Haemost.75(3), 387–388 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krabbendam I, Franx A, Bots M, Fijnheer R, Bruinse H. Thrombophilias and recurrent pregnancy loss: a critical appraisal of the literature. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol.118, 143–153 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dizon-Townson D, Miller C, Sibai B et al. The relationship of the Factor V Leiden mutation and pregnancy outcomes for mother and fetus. Obstet. Gynecol.106(3), 517–524 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Branch DW, Andres R, Digre KB, Rote NS, Scott JR. The association of antiphospholipid antibodies with severe preeclampsia. Obstet. Gynecol.73, 541–545 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibai BM. Thrombophilia and severe preeclampsia: time to screen and treat in future pregnancies? Hypertension46, 1252–1253 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dekker GA, de Vries JIP, Doelitzsch PM et al. Underlying disorders associated with severe early-onset preeclampsia. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.173, 1042–1048 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sikkema JM, Franx A, Bruinse HW, van der Wijk NG, de Valk HW, Nikkels PG. Pathology in early onset pre-eclampsia and intra-uterine growth restriction in women with and without thrombophilia. Placenta23(4), 337–342 (2004)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benedetto C, Marozio L, Salton L, Maula V, Chieppa G, Massobrio M. Factor V Leiden and Factor II G20210A in preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand.81, 1095–1100 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kupferminc MJ, Fait G, Many A, Gordon D, Eldor A, Lessing JB. Severe preeclampsia and high frequency of genetic thrombophilic mutations. Obstet. Gynecol.96, 45–49 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grandone E, Margaglione M, Colaizzo D et al. Prothrombotic genetic risk factors and the occurrence of gestational hypertension with or without proteinuria. Thromb. Haemost.81, 349–352 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Tempelhoff GF, Heilmann L, Spanuth E et al. Incidence of the Factor V Leiden mutation, coagulation inhibitor deficiency, and elevated antiphospholipid-antibodies in patients with preeclampsia or HELLP-syndrome. Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets. Thromb. Res.100, 363–365 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison ER, Miedzybrodzka ZH, Campbell DM et al. Prothrombotic genotypes are not associated with pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension: results from a large population-based study and systematic review. Thromb. Haemost.87, 779–785 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingstone JC, Barton JR, Park V, Haddad B, Phillips O, Sibai BM. Maternal and fetal inherited thrombophilias are not related to the development of severe preeclampsia. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.185, 153–157 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogunyemi D, Ku W, Arkel Y. The association between inherited thrombophilia, antiphospholipid antibodies and lipoprotein A levels with obstetrical complications in pregnancy. J. Thromb. Thrombolysis14, 157–162 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lachmeijer AM, Arngrimsson R, Bastiaans EJ et al. Mutations in the gene for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, homocysteine levels, and vitamin status in women with a history of preeclampsia. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.184, 394–402 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mello G, Parretti E, Marozio L et al. Thrombophilia is significantly associated with severe preeclampsia: results of a large-scale, case–controlled study. Hypertension46, 1270–1274 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison ER, Myedzybrodzka ZH, Campbell DM et al. Prothrombotic genotypes are not associated with preeclampsia and gestational hypertension: results from a large population-based study and systematic review. Thromb. Haemost.87, 779–785 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mello G, Parretti E, Martini F et al. Usefulness of screening for congenital or acquired hemostatic abnormalities in women with previous complicated pregnancies. Haemostasis.29, 197–203 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Higgins JR, Kaiser T, Moses EK, North R, Brennecke SP. Prothrombin G20210A mutation: is it associated with pre-eclampsia? Gynecol. Ostet. Invest.50, 254–257 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kupferminc MJ, Peri H, Zwang E, Yaron Y, Wolman I, Eldor A. High prevalence of the prothrombin gene mutation in women with intrauterine growth retardation, abruptio placentae and second trimester loss. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand.79, 963–967 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Groot CJ, Bloemenkamp KW, Duvekot EJ et al. Preeclampsia and genetic risk factors for thrombosis: a case–control study. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.181, 975–980 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson L, Wu O, Langhorne P et al. Thrombophilia in pregnancy: a systematic review. Br. J. Haematol.132, 171–196 (2005).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franco RF, Araujo AG, Guerreiro JF, Elion J, Zago MA. Analysis of the 677 CT mutation of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene in different ethnic groups. Thromb. Haemost.77, 466–471 (1998).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosendaal FR, Doggen CJ, Zivelin A, Arruda VR, Aiach M, Siscovick DS. Geographic distribution of the 20210 G to A prothrombin variant. Thromb. Haemost.79, 706–708 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilley A, Austin H, El Jamil M et al. Genetic factors associated with thrombosis in pregnancy in a United States population. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.183, 1271–1277 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner B. Thrombophilia and pregnancy. Hematology10(Suppl. 1), 186–189 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pabinger I, Vormittag R. Thrombophilia and pregnancy outcomes. J. Thromb. Haemost.3, 1603–1610 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conde-Agudelo A, Villar J, Lindheimer M. World health organization systematic review of screening tests for preeclampsia. Obstet. Gynecol.104, 1367–1391 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibai BM. Diagnosis, prevention and management of eclampsia. Obstet. Gynecol.105, 402–410 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aquilina J, Barnett A, Thompson O, Harrington K. Comprehensive analysis of uterine artery flow velocity waveforms for the prediction of pre-eclampsia. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol.16, 163–170 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sartori MT, Serena A, Saggionato G et al. Fibrinolytic and inhibin-A in pregnancy related hypertensive disorders. In press.
   Google Scholar
• Aquilina J, Barnett A, Thompson O et al. Second trimester maternal serum inhibin -A as an early marker for pre-eclampsia. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.181, 131–136 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paternoster DM, Fantinato S, Stella A et al. C-reactive protein in hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Clin. Applied Thromb. Haemost.12(3), 330–337 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grandone E, Brancaccio V, Colaizzo D et al. Preventing adverse obstetric outcomes in women with genetic thrombophilia. Fertil. Steril.78, 371–375 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Santis M, Cavaliere AF, Straface G, Di Gianantonio E, Caruso A. Inherited and acquired thrombophilia: pregnancy outcome and treatment. Reprod. Toxicol.22(2), 227–233 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grandone E, Guiotto G, Di Minno G. Linee guida sull’uso dei farmaci anticoagulanti e antiaggreganti in ostetricia e ginecologia. Haematologica87(S12), 1–20 (2002).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindqvist PG, Dahlback B. Bleeding complications associated with low molecular weight heparin prophylaxis during pregnancy. Thromb. Haemost.84(1), 140–141 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paternoster DM, Fantinato S, Manganelli F, Milani M, Nicolini U, Girolami A. Efficacy of AT in pre-eclampsia: a case–control prospective trial. Thromb. Haemost.91, 283–289 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paternoster DM, Fantinato S, Manganelli F, Nicolini U, Milani M, Girolami A. Recent progress in the therapeutic management of pre-eclampsia. Expert Opin. Pharmacother.5(11), 2233–2239 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar