Chronic rejection: a significant role for Th17-mediated autoimmune responses to self-antigens

References

• Guild WR, Harrison JH, Merrill JP, Murray J. Successful homotransplantation of the kidney in an identical twin. Trans. Am. Clin. Climatol. Assoc. 67, 167–173 (1955).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Starzl TE, Kaupp HA Jr, Brock DR, Linman JW. Studies on the rejection of the transplanted homologous dog liver. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 112, 135–144 (1961).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rowlands DT Jr, Vanderbeek RB, Seigler HF, Ebert PA. Rejection of canine cardiac allografts. Am. J. Pathol. 53(4), 617–629 (1968).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin AL, Stenzel KH, Hirschhorn K, Bach F. Histocompatibility and immunologic competence in renal homotransplantation. Science 143(3608), 815–816 (1964).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter KA. Morphological aspects of renal homograft rejection. Br. Med. Bull. 21, 171–175 (1965).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuart FP, Saitoh T, Fitch FW. Rejection of renal allografts: specific immunologic suppression. Science 160(3835), 1463–1465 (1968).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hariharan S, Johnson CP, Bresnahan BA, Taranto SE, McIntosh MJ, Stablein D. Improved graft survival after renal transplantation in the United States, 1988 to 1996. N. Engl. J. Med. 342(9), 605–612 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Festenstein H, Sachs JA, Pegrum GD, Moorhead JF, Paris AM. Influence of HLA matching and blood-transfusion on outcome of 502 London Transplant Group renal-graft recipients. Lancet 1(7952), 157–161 (1976).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Festenstein H, Oliver RT, Sachs JA. A collaborative scheme for tissue typing and matching in renal transplantation. 3. A preliminary assessment of the influence of histocompatibility matching grades on the outcome of renal transplantation. Transplant. Proc. 3(2), 1011–1014 (1971).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Opelz G, Terasaki PI. Effect of blood-group on relation between HLA match and outcome of cadaver kidney transplants. Lancet 1(8005), 220–222 (1977).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merion RM, White DJ, Thiru S, Evans DB, Calne RY. Cyclosporine: five years’ experience in cadaveric renal transplantation. N. Engl. J. Med. 310(3), 148–154 (1984).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A randomized clinical trial of OKT3 monoclonal antibody for acute rejection of cadaveric renal transplants. Ortho Multicenter Transplant Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 313(6), 337–342 (1985).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meier-Kriesche HU, Schold JD, Srinivas TR, Kaplan B. Lack of improvement in renal allograft survival despite a marked decrease in acute rejection rates over the most recent era. Am. J. Transplant. 4(3), 378–383 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiel G, Bock A, Spöndlin M et al. Long-term benefits and risks of cyclosporin A (sandimmun) – an analysis at 10 years. Transplant. Proc. 26(5), 2493–2498 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehra MR, Crespo-Leiro MG, Dipchand A et al. International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation working formulation of a standardized nomenclature for cardiac allograft vasculopathy-2010. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 29(7), 717–727 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart S, Winters GL, Fishbein MC et al. Revision of the 1990 working formulation for the standardization of nomenclature in the diagnosis of heart rejection. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 24(11), 1710–1720 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart S, Fishbein MC, Snell GI et al. Revision of the 1996 working formulation for the standardization of nomenclature in the diagnosis of lung rejection. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 26(12), 1229–1242 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharples LD, McNeil K, Stewart S, Wallwork J. Risk factors for bronchiolitis obliterans: a systematic review of recent publications. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 21(2), 271–281 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor DO, Yowell RL, Kfoury AG, Hammond EH, Renlund DG. Allograft coronary artery disease: clinical correlations with circulating anti-HLA antibodies and the immunohistopathologic pattern of vascular rejection. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 19(6), 518–521 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Opelz G; Collaborative Transplant Study. Non-HLA transplantation immunity revealed by lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Lancet 365(9470), 1570–1576 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matas AJ, Gillingham KJ, Payne WD, Najarian JS. The impact of an acute rejection episode on long-term renal allograft survival (t1/2). Transplantation 57(6), 857–859 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer SM, Davis RD, Hadjiliadis D et al. Development of an antibody specific to major histocompatibility antigens detectable by flow cytometry after lung transplant is associated with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Transplantation 74(6), 799–804 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li F, Atz ME, Reed EF. Human leukocyte antigen antibodies in chronic transplant vasculopathy-mechanisms and pathways. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 21(5), 557–562 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bharat A, Saini D, Steward N et al. Antibodies to self-antigens predispose to primary lung allograft dysfunction and chronic rejection. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 90(4), 1094–1101 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalache S, Dinavahi R, Pinney S, Mehrotra A, Cunningham MW, Heeger PS. Anticardiac myosin immunity and chronic allograft vasculopathy in heart transplant recipients. J. Immunol. 187(2), 1023–1030 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nath DS, Ilias Basha H, Tiriveedhi V et al. Characterization of immune responses to cardiac self-antigens myosin and vimentin in human cardiac allograft recipients with antibody-mediated rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 29(11), 1277–1285 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hachem RR, Tiriveedhi V, Patterson GA, Aloush A, Trulock EP, Mohanakumar T. Antibodies to K-alpha 1 tubulin and collagen V are associated with chronic rejection after lung transplantation. Am. J. Transplantation 12(8), 2164–2171 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burlingham WJ, Love RB, Jankowska-Gan E et al. IL-17-dependent cellular immunity to collagen type V predisposes to obliterative bronchiolitis in human lung transplants. J. Clin. Invest. 117(11), 3498–3506 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinsmoen NL, Lai CH, Heidecke H et al. Anti-angiotensin type 1 receptor antibodies associated with antibody mediated rejection in donor HLA antibody negative patients. Transplantation 90(12), 1473–1477 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Utsumi K, Sawada T, Adachi E et al. Collagen type IV in acute rejection of kidney. Transplant. Proc. 32(7), 1785 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemy A, Andrien M, Lionet A et al. Post-transplant major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A antibodies and long-term graft outcomes in a multicenter cohort of 779 kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation doi:10.1097/TP.0b013e31824fd8f1 (2012) (Epub ahead of print).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Belz GT, Smith CM, Kleinert L et al. Distinct migrating and nonmigrating dendritic cell populations are involved in MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation after lung infection with virus. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101(23), 8670–8675 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bharat A, Kuo E, Saini D et al. Respiratory virus-induced dysregulation of T-regulatory cells leads to chronic rejection. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 90(5), 1637–1644; discussion 1644 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiser SM, Tribble CG, Long SM et al. Ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation increases risk of late bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 73(4), 1041–1047; discussion 1047 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nawrot TS, Vos R, Jacobs L et al. The impact of traffic air pollution on bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and mortality after lung transplantation. Thorax 66(9), 748–754 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumpter TL, Wilkes DS. Role of autoimmunity in organ allograft rejection: a focus on immunity to type V collagen in the pathogenesis of lung transplant rejection. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 286(6), L1129–L1139 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seetharam A, Tiriveedhi V, Mohanakumar T. Alloimmunity and autoimmunity in chronic rejection. Curr. Opin. Organ Transplant. 15(4), 531–536 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranganathan S, Zeevi A, Ozolek J et al. Autoimmunity, alloimmunity, and chronic liver allograft injury. Pediatr. Transplant. 16(5), 402–403 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estenne M, Maurer JR, Boehler A et al. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome 2001: an update of the diagnostic criteria. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 21(3), 297–310 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christie JD, Edwards LB, Kucheryavaya AY et al. The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Twenty-eighth Adult Lung and Heart-Lung Transplant Report–2011. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 30(10), 1104–1122 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vleeschauwer S, Vanaudenaerde B, Vos R et al. The need for a new animal model for chronic rejection after lung transplantation. Transplant. Proc. 43(9), 3476–3485 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hertz MI, Jessurun J, King MB, Savik SK, Murray JJ. Reproduction of the obliterative bronchiolitis lesion after heterotopic transplantation of mouse airways. Am. J. Pathol. 142(6), 1945–1951 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato M, Keshavjee S, Liu M. Translational research: animal models of obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation. Am. J. Transplant. 9(9), 1981–1987 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marck KW, Prop J, Wildevuur CR. Lung transplantation in the rat. III. Functional studies in iso- and allografts. J. Surg. Res. 35(2), 149–158 (1983).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marck KW, Wildevuur CR. Lung transplantation in the rat: I. Technique and survival. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 34(1), 74–80 (1982).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prop J, Ehrie MG, Crapo JD, Nieuwenhuis P, Wildevuur CR. Reimplantation response in isografted rat lungs. Analysis of causal factors. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 87(5), 702–711 (1984).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krupnick AS, Lin X, Li W et al. Orthotopic mouse lung transplantation as experimental methodology to study transplant and tumor biology. Nat. Protoc. 4(1), 86–93 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan L, Benson HL, Vittal R et al. Neutralizing IL-17 prevents obliterative bronchiolitis in murine orthotopic lung transplantation. Am. J. Transplant. 11(5), 911–922 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vleeschauwer S, Jungraithmayr W, Wauters S et al. Chronic rejection pathology after orthotopic lung transplantation in mice: the development of a murine BOS model and its drawbacks. PLoS ONE 7(1), e29802 (2012).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fukami N, Ramachandran S, Saini D et al. Antibodies to MHC class I induce autoimmunity: role in the pathogenesis of chronic rejection. J. Immunol. 182(1), 309–318 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bharat A, Kuo E, Steward N et al. Immunological link between primary graft dysfunction and chronic lung allograft rejection. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 86(1), 189–195; discussion 196 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaramillo A, Smith MA, Phelan D et al. Development of ELISA-detected anti-HLA antibodies precedes the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and correlates with progressive decline in pulmonary function after lung transplantation. Transplantation 67(8), 1155–1161 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin YP, Jindra PT, Gong KW, Lepin EJ, Reed EF. Anti-HLA class I antibodies activate endothelial cells and promote chronic rejection. Transplantation 79(Suppl. 3), S19–S21 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaramillo A, Smith CR, Maruyama T, Zhang L, Patterson GA, Mohanakumar T. Anti-HLA class I antibody binding to airway epithelial cells induces production of fibrogenic growth factors and apoptotic cell death: a possible mechanism for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Hum. Immunol. 64(5), 521–529 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saini D, Weber J, Ramachandran S et al. Alloimmunity-induced autoimmunity as a potential mechanism in the pathogenesis of chronic rejection of human lung allografts. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 30(6), 624–631 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goers TA, Ramachandran S, Aloush A, Trulock E, Patterson GA, Mohanakumar T. De novo production of K-α1 tubulin-specific antibodies: role in chronic lung allograft rejection. J. Immunol. 180(7), 4487–4494 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adachi E, Hopkinson I, Hayashi T. Basement-membrane stromal relationships: interactions between collagen fibrils and the lamina densa. Int. Rev. Cytol. 173, 73–156 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haque MA, Mizobuchi T, Yasufuku K et al. Evidence for immune responses to a self-antigen in lung transplantation: role of type V collagen-specific T cells in the pathogenesis of lung allograft rejection. J. Immunol. 169(3), 1542–1549 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yasufuku K, Heidler KM, Woods KA et al. Prevention of bronchiolitis obliterans in rat lung allografts by type V collagen-induced oral tolerance. Transplantation 73(4), 500–505 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiriveedhi V, Angaswamy N, Brand D et al. A shift in the collagen V antigenic epitope leads to T helper phenotype switch and immune response to self-antigen leading to chronic lung allograft rejection. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 167(1), 158–168 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takano T, Hasegawa Y, Miyauchi A et al. Overexpression of kα1 tubulin mRNA in thyroid anaplastic carcinoma. Cancer Lett. 168(1), 51–55 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gull K, Hussey PJ, Sasse R, Schneider A, Seebeck T, Sherwin T. Tubulin isotypes: generation of diversity in cells and microtubular organelles. J. Cell Sci. Suppl. 5, 243–255 (1986).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Villasante A, Wang D, Dobner P, Dolph P, Lewis SA, Cowan NJ. Six mouse α-tubulin mRNAs encode five distinct isotypes: testis-specific expression of two sister genes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6(7), 2409–2419 (1986).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang N, Yan K, Rasenick MM. Tubulin binds specifically to the signal-transducing proteins, Gs α and Gi α 1. J. Biol. Chem. 265(3), 1239–1242 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy DB. Functions of tubulin isoforms. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 3(1), 43–51 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bharat A, Fields RC, Steward N, Trulock EP, Patterson GA, Mohanakumar T. CD4+25+ regulatory T cells limit Th1-autoimmunity by inducing IL-10 producing T cells following human lung transplantation. Am. J. Transplant. 6(8), 1799–1808 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bharat A, Fields RC, Trulock EP, Patterson GA, Mohanakumar T. Induction of IL-10 suppressors in lung transplant patients by CD4+25+ regulatory T cells through CTLA-4 signaling. J. Immunol. 177(8), 5631–5638 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korn T, Bettelli E, Oukka M, Kuchroo VK. IL-17 and Th17 Cells. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 27, 485–517 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dardalhon V, Korn T, Kuchroo VK, Anderson AC. Role of Th1 and Th17 cells in organ-specific autoimmunity. J. Autoimmun. 31(3), 252–256 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson MS, Madala SK, Ramalingam TR et al. Bleomycin and IL-1β-mediated pulmonary fibrosis is IL-17A dependent. J. Exp. Med. 207(3), 535–552 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bobadilla JL, Love RB, Jankowska-Gan E et al. Th-17, monokines, collagen type V, and primary graft dysfunction in lung transplantation. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 177(6), 660–668 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanaudenaerde BM, Dupont LJ, Wuyts WA et al. The role of interleukin-17 during acute rejection after lung transplantation. Eur. Respir. J. 27(4), 779–787 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snell GI, Levvey BJ, Zheng L et al. Interleukin-17 and airway inflammation: a longitudinal airway biopsy study after lung transplantation. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 26(7), 669–674 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higuchi T, Jaramillo A, Kaleem Z, Patterson GA, Mohanakumar T. Different kinetics of obliterative airway disease development in heterotopic murine tracheal allografts induced by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Transplantation 74(5), 646–651 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maruyama T, Jaramillo A, Narayanan K, Higuchi T, Mohanakumar T. Induction of obliterative airway disease by anti-HLA class I antibodies. Am. J. Transplant. 5(9), 2126–2134 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyes-Vargas E, Pavlov IY, Martins TB, Schwartz JJ, Hill HR, Delgado JC. Binding of anti-HLA class I antibody to endothelial cells produce an inflammatory cytokine secretory pattern. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 23(3), 157–160 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu M, Subramanian V, Christie C, Castro M, Mohanakumar T. Immune responses to self-antigens in asthma patients: clinical and immunopathological implications. Hum. Immunol. 73(5), 511–516 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daud SA, Yusen RD, Meyers BF et al. Impact of immediate primary lung allograft dysfunction on bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 175(5), 507–513 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bharat A, Narayanan K, Street T et al. Early posttransplant inflammation promotes the development of alloimmunity and chronic human lung allograft rejection. Transplantation 83(2), 150–158 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Illigens BM, Yamada A, Anosova N, Dong VM, Sayegh MH, Benichou G. Dual effects of the alloresponse by Th1 and Th2 cells on acute and chronic rejection of allotransplants. Eur. J. Immunol. 39(11), 3000–3009 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemdan NY, Birkenmeier G, Wichmann G et al. Interleukin-17-producing T helper cells in autoimmunity. Autoimmun. Rev. 9(11), 785–792 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michel ML, Keller AC, Paget C et al. Identification of an IL-17-producing NK1.1(neg) iNKT cell population involved in airway neutrophilia. J. Exp. Med. 204(5), 995–1001 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roark CL, Simonian PL, Fontenot AP, Born WK, O’Brien RL. gammadelta T cells: an important source of IL-17. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 20(3), 353–357 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brodlie M, McKean MC, Johnson GE et al. Raised interleukin-17 is immunolocalised to neutrophils in cystic fibrosis lung disease. Eur. Respir. J. 37(6), 1378–1385 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura A, Kishimoto T. IL-6: regulator of Treg/Th17 balance. Eur. J. Immunol. 40(7), 1830–1835 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cua DJ, Tato CM. Innate IL-17-producing cells: the sentinels of the immune system. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 10(7), 479–489 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elssner A, Vogelmeier C. The role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation. Transpl. Infect. Dis. 3(3), 168–176 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith GN Jr, Mickler EA, Payne KK et al. Lung transplant metalloproteinase levels are elevated prior to bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Am. J. Transplant. 7(7), 1856–1861 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fietta AM, Meloni F. Lung transplantation: the role of azithromycin in the management of patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Curr. Med. Chem. 15(7), 716–723 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verleden GM, Vanaudenaerde BM, Dupont LJ, Van Raemdonck DE. Azithromycin reduces airway neutrophilia and interleukin-8 in patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 174(5), 566–570 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verleden GM, Dupont LJ, Vanhaecke J, Daenen W, Van Raemdonck DE. Effect of azithromycin on bronchiectasis and pulmonary function in a heart-lung transplant patient with severe chronic allograft dysfunction: a case report. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 24(8), 1155–1158 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng L, Walters EH, Ward C et al. Airway neutrophilia in stable and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome patients following lung transplantation. Thorax 55(1), 53–59 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riise GC, Williams A, Kjellström C, Schersten H, Andersson BA, Kelly FJ. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in lung transplant recipients is associated with increased neutrophil activity and decreased antioxidant status in the lung. Eur. Respir. J. 12(1), 82–88 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verleden SE, Verleden GM, Vanaudenaerde BM. Phenotyping BOS could improve understanding of mechanisms involved. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 30(1), 112; author reply 113 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verleden GM, Vos R, De Vleeschauwer SI et al. Obliterative bronchiolitis following lung transplantation: from old to new concepts? Transpl. Int. 22(8), 771–779 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaczmarek I, Deutsch MA, Kauke T et al. Donor-specific HLA alloantibodies: long-term impact on cardiac allograft vasculopathy and mortality after heart transplant. Exp. Clin. Transplant. 6(3), 229–235 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morales-Buenrostro LE, Castro R, Terasaki PI. A single human leukocyte antigen-antibody test after heart or lung transplantation is predictive of survival. Transplantation 85(3), 478–481 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nath DS, Angaswamy N, Basha HI et al. Donor-specific antibodies to human leukocyte antigens are associated with and precede antibodies to major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A in antibody-mediated rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy after human cardiac transplantation. Hum. Immunol. 71(12), 1191–1196 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nath DS, Tiriveedhi V, Basha HI et al. A role for antibodies to human leukocyte antigens, collagen-V, and K-α1-Tubulin in antibody-mediated rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Transplantation 91(9), 1036–1043 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fedoseyeva EV, Zhang F, Orr PL, Levin D, Buncke HJ, Benichou G. De novo autoimmunity to cardiac myosin after heart transplantation and its contribution to the rejection process. J. Immunol. 162(11), 6836–6842 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jurcevic S, Ainsworth ME, Pomerance A et al. Antivimentin antibodies are an independent predictor of transplant-associated coronary artery disease after cardiac transplantation. Transplantation 71(7), 886–892 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hertig A, Anglicheau D, Verine J et al. Early epithelial phenotypic changes predict graft fibrosis. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 19(8), 1584–1591 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birnbaum LM, Lipman M, Paraskevas S et al. Management of chronic allograft nephropathy: a systematic review. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 4(4), 860–865 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porcheray F, DeVito J, Yeap BY et al. Chronic humoral rejection of human kidney allografts associates with broad autoantibody responses. Transplantation 89(10), 1239–1246 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldas C, Luna E, Spadafora-Ferreira M et al. Cellular autoreactivity against heat shock protein 60 in renal transplant patients: peripheral and graft-infiltrating responses. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 146(1), 66–75 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hachem RR, Yusen RD, Meyers BF et al. Anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies and preemptive antibody-directed therapy after lung transplantation. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 29(9), 973–980 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakagiri T, Inoue M, Morii E et al. Local IL-17 production and a decrease in peripheral blood regulatory T cells in an animal model of bronchiolitis obliterans. Transplantation 89(11), 1312–1319 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hullett DA, Laeseke PF, Malin G, Nessel R, Sollinger HW, Becker BN. Prevention of chronic allograft nephropathy with vitamin D. Transpl. Int. 18(10), 1175–1186 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bannwarth B, Richez C. Clinical safety of tocilizumab in rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin. Drug Saf. 10(1), 123–131 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hueber W, Sands BE, Lewitzky S et al.; for the Secukinumab in Crohn’s Disease Study Group. Secukinumab, a human anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody, for moderate to severe Crohn’s disease: unexpected results of a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Gut doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301668 (2012) (Epub ahead of print).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar