Natural killer cells in hepatitis C virus recurrence following liver transplantation: what role do they play?

References

• Moretta A, Bottino C, Mingari MC, Biassoni R, Moretta L. What is a natural killer cell? Nat. Immunol.3(1), 6–8 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krug A, French AR, Barchet W et al. TLR9-dependent recognition of MCMV by IPC and DC generates coordinated cytokine responses that activate antiviral NK cell function. Immunity21(1), 107–119 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilches C, Parham P. KIR: diverse, rapidly evolving receptors of innate and adaptive immunity. Annu. Rev. Immunol.20(1), 217–251 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandelboim O, Reyburn HT, Vales-Gomez et al. Protection from lysis by natural killer cells of group 1 and 2 specificity is mediated by residue 80 in human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen C alleles and also occurs with empty major histocompatibility complex molecules. J. Exp. Med.184(3), 913–922 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falk CS, Schendel DJ. HLA-C revisited. Ten years of change. Immunol. Res.16(2), 203–214 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pende D, Biassoni R, Cantoni C et al. The natural killer cell receptor specific for HLA-A allotypes: a novel member of the p58/p70 family of inhibitory receptors that is characterized by three immunoglobulin-like domains and is expressed as a 140-kD disulphide-linked dimer. J. Exp. Med.184(2), 505–518 (1996).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Corado J, Toro F, Rivera H, Bianco NE, Deibis L, De Sanctis JB. Impairment of natural killer (NK) cytotoxic activity in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Clin. Exp. Immunol.109(3), 451–457 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonavita MS, Franco A, Paroli et al. Normalization of depressed natural killer activity after interferon-α therapy is associated with a low frequency of relapse in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Int. J. Tissue React.15(1), 11–16 (1993).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deignan T, Curry MP, Doherty DG et al. Decrease in hepatic CD56+ T cells and V a 24+ natural killer T cells in chronic hepatitis C viral infection. J. Hepatol.37(1), 101–108 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawarabayashi N, Seki S, Hatsuse K et al. Decrease of CD56+ T cells and natural killer cells in cirrhotic livers with hepatitis C may be involved in their susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology32(5), 962–969 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yamagiwa S, Matsuda Y, Ichida T et al. Sustained response to interferon-α plus ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C is closely associated with increased dynamism of intrahepatic natural killer and natural killer T cells. Hepatol. Res.38(7), 664–672 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khakoo SI, Thio CL, Martin MP et al. HLA and NK cell inhibitory receptor genes in resolving hepatitis C virus infection. Science305 (5685), 872–874 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrington M, Martin MP. The impact of variation at the KIR gene cluster on human disease. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol.298, 225–257 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Vazquez A, Rodrigo L, Martinez-Borra J et al. Protective effect of the HLA-Bw4I80 epitope and the killer cell immunoglobulinlike receptor 3DS1 gene against the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. J. Infect. Dis.192(1), 162–165 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paladino N, Flores AC, Marcos CY et al. Increased frequencies of activating natural killer receptors are associated with liver injury in individuals who do not eliminate hepatitis C virus. Tissue Antigen69(Suppl. 1), 109–111 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rauch A, Laird R, McKinnon E et al. The Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Influence of inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and their HLA-C ligands on resolving hepatitis C virus infection. Tissue Antigen69(Suppl. 1), 237–240 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shepard CW, Finelli L, Alter MJ. Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection. Lancet Infect. Dis.5(9), 558–567 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berenguer M, Lopez-Labrador FX, Wright TL. Hepatitis C and liver transplantation. J. Hepatol.35(5), 666–678 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oertel M, Kohlhaw K, Diepolder HM et al. Alloreactivity of natural killer cells in allogeneic liver transplantation. Transplantation72(1), 116–122 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bishara A, Brautbar C, Zamir G, Eid A, Safadi R. Impact of HLA-C and Bw epitopes disparity on liver ransplantation outcome. Hum. Immunol.66(11), 1099–1105 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hanvesakul R, Spencer N, Cook M et al. Donor HLA-C genotype has a profound impact on the clinical outcome following liver transplantation. Am. J. Transplant.8(9), 1931–1941 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen K, Zheng SS, Park O, Wang H, Sun Z, Gao B. Activation of innate immunity (NK/IFN-γ) in rat allogeneic liver transplantation: contribution to liver injury and suppression of hepatocyte proliferation. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.294(4), G1070–G1077 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tran TH, Middleton D, Döhler B et al. Reassessing the impact of donor HLA-C genotype on long-term liver transplant survival. Am. J. Transplant. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02341.x (2009) (Epub ahead of print).
   Google Scholar
• Espadas de Arias A, Haworth SE, Belli et al. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genotype and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor-human leukocyte antigen C ligand compatibility affect the severity of hepatitis C virus recurrence after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl.15(4), 390–399 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davis GL. Chronic hepatitis C and liver transplantation. Rev. Gastroenterol. Disord.4(1), 7–17 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Feray C, Caccamo L, Alexander GJ et al.; European Concerted Action on Viral Hepatitis (EUROHEP) Group. European collaborative study on factors influencing outcome after liver transplantation for hepatitis C. Gastroenterology117(3), 619–625 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlton M, Seaberg E, Wiesner R et al. Predictors of patient and graft survival following liver transplantation for hepatitis C. Hepatology28(3), 823–830 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen HR, Doherty DG, Madrigal-Estebas L, O’Farrelly C, Golden-Mason L. Pretransplantation CD56+ innate lymphocyte populations associated with severity of hepatitis C recurrence. Liver Transpl.14(1), 31–40 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golden-Mason L, Rosen HR. Natural killer cells: primary target for hepatitis C virus immune evasion strategies. Liver Transpl.12(3), 363–372 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ciccorossi P, Maina AM, Oliveri F et al. Viral load 1 week after liver transplantation, donor age and rejections correlate with the outcome of recurrent hepatitis. Liver Int.27(5), 612–619 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Massaguer A, Ramírez S, Carrión JA et al. Evolution of the NS3 and NS5B regions of the hepatitis C virus during disease recurrence after liver transplantation. Am. J. Transplant.7(9), 2172–2179 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Winter CC, Gumperz JE, Parham P, Long EO, Wagtmann N. Direct binding and functional transfer of NK cell inhibitory receptors reveal novel patterns of HLA-C allotype recognition. J. Immunol.161(2), 571–577 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonorino P, Leroy V, Dufeu-Duchesne T et al. Features and distribution of CD8 T cells with human leukocyte antigen class I-specific receptor expression in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology46(5), 1375–1386 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bruno S, Crosignani A, Maisonneuve P, Rossi S, Silini E, Mondelli MU. Hepatitis C virus genotype 1b as a major risk factor associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: a seventeen-year prospective cohort study. Hepatology46(5), 1350–1356 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen HR, Chou S, Corless CL et al. Cytomegalovirus viremia: risk factor for allograft cirrhosis after liver transplantation for hepatitis C. Transplantation64(5), 721–726 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Belli LS, Burra P, Poli F et al. HLA-DRB1 donor–recipient mismatch affects the outcome of hepatitis C disease recurrence after liver transplantation. Gastroenterology130(3), 695–702 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berenguer M, Prieto M, San Juan F et al. Contribution of donor age to the recent decrease in patient survival among HCV-infected liver transplant recipients. Hepatology36(1), 202–210 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCaughan GW, Shackel NA, Bertolino P, Bowen DG. Molecular and cellular aspects of hepatitis C virus reinfection after liver transplantation: how the early phase impacts on outcomes. Transplantation87(8), 1105–1111 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar