Organ-sparing strategies in the management of invasive bladder cancer

References

• Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Hao Y, Xu J, Thun MJ. Cancer statistics, 2009. CA Cancer J. Clin.59, 225–249 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuczyk M, Turkeri L, Hammerer P, Ravery V; on behalf of the European Society of Oncological Urology. Is there a role for bladder preserving strategies in the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer? Eur. Urol.44, 57–64 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madersbacher S, Hochreiter W, Burkhard F et al. Radical cystectomy for bladder cancer today- a homogeneous series without neoadjuvant therapy. J. Clin. Oncol.4, 690–696 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Ghoneim MA, Abdel-Latif M, El-Mekresh M et al. Radical cystectomy for carcinoma of the bladder: 2,720 consecutive cases 5 years later. J. Urol.180, 121–127 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein JP, Lieskovsky G, Cote R et al. Radical cystectomy in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer: long-term results in 1,054 patients. J. Clin. Oncol.19, 666–675 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shariat SF, Karakiewicz PI, Palapattu GS et al. Outcomes of radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a contemporary series from the Bladder Cancer Research Consortium. J. Urol.176, 2414–2422 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalbagni G, Genega E, Hashibe M et al. Cystectomy for bladder cancer: a contemporary series. J. Urol.165, 1111–1116 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler T. Attempted nerve-sparing surgery and age have a significant effect on urinary continence and erectile function after radical cystoprostatectomy and ileal orthotopic substitution. J. Urol.172, 1323–1327 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hautmann R, Abol-Enein H, Hafez K et al.; World Health Organization (WHO) Consensus Conference on Bladder Cancer. Urinary diversion. Urology69, 17–49 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mak RH, Zietman AL, Heney NM, Kaufman DS, Shipley WU. Bladder preservation: optimizing radiotherapy and integrated treatment strategies. BJU Int.102, 1345–1353 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Whitmore WF, Batata MA, Ghoneim MA, Grabstald H, Unal A. Radical cystectomy with or without prior irradiation in the treatment of bladder cancer. J. Urol.118, 184–187 (1977).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes RW, Dick AL, Hadley HL et al. Survival following transurethral resection of bladder carcinoma. Cancer Res.37, 2895–2897 (1977).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herr HW. Transurethral resection of muscle-invasive bladder cancer: 10-year outcome. J. Clin. Oncol.19, 89–93 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Leibovici D, Kassouf W, Pisters LL et al. Organ preservation for muscle-invasive bladder cancer by transurethral resection. Urology70, 473–476 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bayraktar Z, Gurbuz G, Tasci AI et al. Staging error in the bladder tumor : the correlation between stage of TUR and cystectomy. Int. Urol. Nephrol.33, 627–629 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Solsona E, Iborra I, Ricos JV, Monros JL, Casanova J, Calabuig G. Feasability of transurethral resection for muscle infiltrating carcinoma of the bladder: long-term follow-up of a prospective study. J. Urol.159, 95–98 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herr HW, Bajorin DF, Scher HI et al. Can p53 help select patients with invasive bladder cancer for bladder preservation? J. Urol.161, 20–22 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindahl F, Jorgensen D, Egvad K. Partial cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol.18, 125–129 (1984).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Resnick MI, O’Conor VJ. Segmental resection for carcinoma of the bladder: review of 102 patients. J. Urol.109, 1007–1010 (1973).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novick AC, Stewart BH. Partial cystectomy in the treatment of primary and secondary carcinoma of the bladder. J. Urol.116, 570–574 (1976).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dandekar NP, Tongaonkar HB, Dalal AV, Kulkarni JN, Kamat MR. Partial cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer. J. Surg. Oncol.60, 24–29 (1995).
   Google Scholar
• Kassouf W, Swanson D, Kamat A et al. Partial cystectomy for muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: a contemporary review of the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center experience. J. Urol.175, 2058–2062 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holzbeierlein JM, Lopez-Corona E, Bochner BH et al. Partial cystectomy: a contemporary review of the Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center experience and recommendations for patient selection. J. Urol.172, 878–881 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capitanio U, Isbarn H, Shariat SF et al. Partial cystectomy does not undermine cancer control in appropriately selected patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: a population-based matched analyst. J. Urol.74(4), 858–864 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Hall RR, Robert JT, Marsh MM. Radical transurethral surgery in chemotherapy aiming at bladder preservation. In: Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Invasive Bladder Cancer. Splinter WE, Scher HI (Eds). Wiley Liss, NY, USA, 169–174 (1990).
   Google Scholar
• Roberts JT, Fossa SD, Richards B et al. Results of Medical Research Council Phase II study of low dose cisplatin and methotrexate in the primary treatment of locally advanced (T3 and T4) transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Br. J. Urol.68, 162–168 (1991).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scher HI, Yagoda A, Herr HW et al. Neoadjuvant M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicine and cisplatin) effect on the primary bladder lesion. J. Urol.139, 470–474 (1988).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeNeve W, Lybeert ML, Goor C. Radiotherapy for T2 and T3 carcinoma of the bladder: the influence of overall treatment time. Rad. Oncol.26, 183–188 (1995).
   Google Scholar
• Duncan W, Quilty PM. The results of a series of 963 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder primarily treated by radical megavoltage x-ray therapy. Radiother. Oncol.7, 299–310 (1986).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gospodarowicz MK, Quilty PM, Scalliet P et al. The place of radiation therapy as definite treatment of bladder cancer. Int. J. Urol.2(Suppl.), 41–48 (1995).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jenkins BJ, Caulfield MJ, Fowler CG et al. Reappraisal of the role of radical radiotherapy and salvage cystectomy in the treatment of invasive (T2/T3) bladder cancer. Br. J. Urol.62, 343–346 (1988).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mameghan H, Fisher R, Mameghan J et al. Analysis of failure following definitive radiotherapy for invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.31, 247–254 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shearer RJ, Chilvers CF, Bloom HJ, Bliss JM, Horwich A, Babiker A. Adjuvant chemotherapy in T3 carcinoma of the bladder: a prospective trial: preliminary report. Br. J. Urol.62, 558–564 (1988).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Slack NH, Bross ID, Prout GR Jr. Five-year follow-up results of a collaborative study of therapies for carcinoma of the bladder. J. Surg. Oncol.9, 393–405 (1977).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miller LS. Bladder cancer: superiority of preoperative irradiation and cystectomy in clinical stages B2 and C. Cancer39, 973–980 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• Shipley WU, Prout GR Jr, Einstein AB et al. Treatment of invasive bladder cancer by cisplatin and radiation in patients unsuited for surgery. JAMA258, 931–935 (1987).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sell A, Jacobsen A, Nerstrom B, Sørensen BL, Steven K, Barlebo H. Treatment of advanced bladder cancer category T2, T3 and T4a. A randomized multicenter study of preoperative irradiation and cystectomy versus radical irradiation and early salvage cystectomy for residual tumor. DAVECA protocol 8201. Danish Vesical Cancer Group. Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol.138(Suppl.), 193–201 (1991).
   Google Scholar
• Horwich A, Pendlebury S, Dearnaley DP. Organ conservation in bladder cancer. Eur. J. Cancer31, s208–s209 (1995).
   Google Scholar
• Hall RR, Newling DW, Ramsden PD, Richards B, Robinson MR, Smith PH. Treatment of invasive bladder cancer by local resection and high dose methotrexate. Br. J. Urol.56, 668–672 (1984).
   Google Scholar
• Prout GR Jr, Shipley WU, Kaufman DS et al. Preliminary results in invasive bladder cancer with transurethral resection, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and combined pelvic irradiation plus cisplatin chemotherapy. J. Urol.144, 1128–1134 (1990).
   Google Scholar
• Herr HW, Bajorin DF, Scher HI. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and bladder sparing surgery for invasive bladder cancer: ten-year outcome. J. Clin. Oncol.16, 1298–1301 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sternberg CN, Pansadoro V, Calabrò F et al. Can patient selection for bladder preservation be based on response to chemotherapy? Cancer97, 1644–1652 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zapatero A, de Vidales CM, Marin A et al. Invasive bladder-cancer: a single-institution experience with bladder-sparing approach. Int. J. Cancer90, 287–294 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Shipley WU, Prout GR Jr, Einstein AB et al. Treatment of invasive bladder cancer by cisplatin and radiation in patients unsuited for surgery. JAMA258, 931–935 (1987).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coppin CM, Gospodarowicz MK, James K et al. Improved local control of invasive bladder cancer by concurrent cisplatin and preoperative or definitive radiation. The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. J. Clin. Oncol.14, 2901–2907 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shipley W, Kaufman D, Zehr E et al. Selective bladder preservation by combined modality protocol treatment: long-term outcomes of 190 patients with invasive bladder cancer. Urology60, 62–67 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Housset M, Maulard C, Chretien Y et al. Combined radiation and chemotherapy for invasive transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder: a prospective study. J. Clin. Oncol.11, 2150–2157 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Housset M, Dufour B, Maulard C. Concomitant 5-fluorouracil–cisplatin and bifractionated split course radiation therapy for invasive bladder cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.23(165), 4506 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Rödel C, Grabenbauer G, Kühn R et al. Combined-modality treatment and selective organ preservation in invasive bladder cancer: long-term results. J. Clin. Oncol.20, 3061–3071 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fellin G, Graffer U, Bolner A, Ambrosini G, Caffo O, Luciani L. Combined chemotherapy and radiation with selective organ preservation for muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma. A single-institution Phase II study. Br. J. Urol.80, 44–49 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arias F, Dominguez MA, Martinez E et al. Chemoradiotherapy for muscle invading bladder carcinoma. Final report of a single institutional organ-sparing program. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.47, 373–378 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cervek J, Cufer T, Zakotnik B et al. Invasive bladder cancer: our experience with bladder-sparing approach. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.41, 273–278 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Zapatero A, Martin de Vidales C, Marin A et al. Invasive bladder cancer: a single-institution experience with bladder-sparing approach. Int. J. Cancer90, 287–294 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Tester W, Porter A, Asbell S et al. Combined modality program with possible organ preservation for invasive bladder carcinoma. Results of RTOG Protocol 85-12. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.25, 783–790 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman DS, Winter KA, Shipley WU et al. The initial results in muscle-invading bladder cancer of RTOG 95–06: Phase I/II trial of transurethral surgery plus radiation therapy with concurrent cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil followed by selective bladder preservation or cystectomy depending on the initial response. Oncologist5, 471–476 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horwich A, Dearnaley D, Huddart R et al. A randomised trial of accelerated radiotherapy for localised invasive bladder cancer. Radiother. Oncol.75, 34–43 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Hussain SA, Stocken DD, Peake DR et al. Long-term results of a Phase II study of synchronous chemoradiotherapy in advanced muscle invasive bladder cancer. Br. J. Cancer90, 2106–2111 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kent E, Sandler H, Montie J et al. Combined-modality therapy with gemcitabine and radiotherapy as a bladder preservation strategy: results of a Phase I trial. J. Clin. Oncol.22, 2540–2545 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh KS, Soto DE, Smith DC, Montie JE, Lee CT, Sandler HM. Combined-modality therapy with gemcitabine and radiation therapy as bladder preservation strategy: long-term results of a Phase I trial. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.74, 511–517 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shipley WU, Winter KA, Kaufman DS et al. Phase III trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with invasive bladder cancer treated with selective bladder preservation by combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy: initial results of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 89-03. J. Clin. Oncol.16, 3576–3583 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sengeløv L, von der Maase H, Lundbech F et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and methotrexate in patients with muscle invasive bladder tumors. Acta Oncol.41, 447–456 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Collaboration of Trialists. Neoadjuvant cisplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine chemotherapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet354, 533–540 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Advanced Bladder Cancer (ABC) Meta-analysis Collaboration. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in invasive bladder cancer: update of a systematic review and metaanalysis of individual patient data advanced bladder cancer (ABC) metaanalysis collaboration. Eur. Urol.48, 202–205 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagan MP, Winter KA, Kaufman DS et al. RTOG 97-06: initial report of a Phase I/II trial of bladder-conservation using TURBT, twice-daily accelerated irradiation sensitized with cisplatin followed by adjuvant MCV chemotherapy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.57, 665–672 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Kaufman DS, Winter KA, Shipley WS et al. Muscle-invading bladder cancer, RTOG Protocol 99-06: initial report of a Phase I/II trial of selective bladder conservation employing TURBT, accelerated irradiation sensitized with cisplatin and paclitaxel followed by adjuvant cisplatin and gemcitabine chemotherapy. ASCO Meeting Abstracts23, (2005) (Abstract 4506).
   Google Scholar
• Youssef RF, Mitra AP, Bartsch G Jr, Jones PA, Skinner DG, Cote RJ. Molecular targets and targeted therapies in bladder cancer management. World J. Urol.27, 9–20 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kassouf W, Dinney CP, Brown G et al. Uncoupling between epidermal growth factor receptor and downstream signals defines resistance to the antiproliferative effect of gefitinib in bladder cancer cells. Cancer Res.65, 10524–10535 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philips G, Sanford B, Halabi S, Bajorin D, Small EJ. Phase 2 study of cisplatin (C), gemcitabine (G) and gefitinib for advanced urothelial carcinoma: Analysis of the second cohort of CALGB 90102. Presented at: ASCO Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA, USA 2–6 June 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Hussain MH, MacVicar GR, Petrylak DP et al. Trastuzamab, paclitaxel, carboplatin, and gemcitabine in advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor-2/neu-positive urothelial carcinoma: results of a multicenter Phase II National Cancer Institute trial. J. Clin. Oncol.25, 2218–2224 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pagliaro LC, Keyhani A, Williams D et al. repeated intravesical instillations of an adenoviral vector in patients with locally advanced bladder cancer: a Phase I study of p53 gene therapy. J. Clin. Oncol.21, 2247–2253 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perdona S, Autorino R, Damiano R et al. Bladder-sparing, combined-modality for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a multi-institutional long-term experience. Cancer112, 75–83 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Coen JJ, Zietman AL, Kaufman DS et al. Trimodality therapy in the management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a selective organ-sparing approach. In: Textbook of Bladder Cancer. Lerner SP, Schoenberg MP, Sternberg CN (Eds). Taylor & Francis, Oxford, UK 569–577 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Wolf H, Olsen PR, Hojgaard K. Urothelial dysplasia concomitant with bladder tumours: a determinant for future new occurrences in patients treated by full-course radiotherapy. Lancet1, 1005–1008 (1985).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung PW, Bristow RG, Milosevic MF et al. Long-term outcome of radiation-based conservative therapy for invasive bladder cancer. Urol. Oncol.25, 303–309 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De La Rosa F, Garcia-Carbonero R, Passas J, Rosino A, Lianes P, Paz-Ares L. Primary cisplatin, methotrexate and vinblastine chemotherapy with selective bladder preservation for muscle invasive carcinoma of the bladder: long term followup of a prospective study. J. Urol.167, 2413–2418 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milosevic M, Gospodarowicz M, Zietman A et al. Radio-therapy for bladder cancer. Urology69, 80–92 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Carteni G, Dogliotti L, Crucitta E et al. Phase II randomized trial of gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GP) and gemcitabine plus carboplatin (GC) in patients (pts) with advanced or metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium (TCCU). Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol.22, 384 (2003) (Abstract 1543).
   Google Scholar
• Hautmann RE. Complications and results after cystectomy in male and female patients with locally invasive bladder cancer. Eur. Urol.33, 23–24 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Abratt RP, Wilson JA, Pontin AR et al. Salvage cystectomy after radical irradiation for bladder cancer: prognostic factors and complications. Br. J. Urol.72, 756–760 (1993).
   Google Scholar
• Zietman AL, Sacco D, Skowronski U et al. Organ conservation in invasive bladder cancer by transurethral resection, chemotherapy and radiation: results of a urodynamic and quality of life study on long-term survivors. J. Urol.170, 1772–1776 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman JM, Smith DC, Montie J et al. Prospective quality-of-life assessment in patients receiving concurrent gemcitabine and radiotherapy as a bladder preservation strategy. Urology64, 69–73 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caffo O, Fellin G, Graffer U et al. Assessment of quality of life after cystectomy or conservative therapy for patients with infiltrating bladder carcinoma. A survey by a self administered questionnaire. Cancer78, 1089–1097 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henningsohn L, Wijkstrom H, Dickman PW, Bergmark K, Steineck G. Distressful symptoms after radical radiotherapy for urinary bladder cancer. Radiother. Oncol.62, 215–225 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashine K, Miura N, Numata K, Shirato A, Sumiyoshi Y, Kataoka M. Health-related quality of life after bladder preservation therapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer. Int. J. Urol.15, 403–406 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Nieder AM, Porter MP, Soloway MS. Radiation therapy for prostate cancer increases subsequent risk of bladder and rectal cancer: a population based cohort study. J. Urol.180, 2005–2009 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyanaga N, Akaza H, Okumura T et al. A bladder preservation regimen using intra-arterial chemotherapy and radiotherapy for invasive bladder cancer: a prospective study. Int. J. Urol.7, 41–48 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain M, Glass TR, Forman J et al. Combination cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and radiation therapy in locally advanced unresectable or medically unfit bladder cancer patients. A Southwest Oncology Group study. J. Urol.165, 56–60 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman HB, Natale RB, Tangen CM et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus cystectomy compared with cystectomy alone for locally advanced bladder cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.349, 85–66 (2003).
   Google Scholar