Unresolved issues in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas

References

• Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Australasian Association of Cancer Registries. Cancer in Australia. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra, Australia (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J et al. World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: report of the Clinical Advisory Committee meeting-Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997. J. Clin. Oncol.17(12), 3835–3849 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO classification of tumours of Haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. WHO Press, Geneva, Switzerland (2008).
   Google Scholar
• The International Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Prognostic Factors Project. A predictive model for aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. N. Engl. J. Med.329(14), 987–994 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hans CP, Weisenburger DD, Greiner TC et al. Confirmation of the molecular classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray. Blood103(1), 275–282 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyman H, Adde M, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML et al. Prognostic impact of immuno-histochemically defined germinal center phenotype in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with immunochemotherapy. Blood109(11), 4930–4935 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu K, Weisenburger DD, Choi WW et al. Addition of rituximab to standard chemotherapy improves the survival of both the germinal center B-cell-like and non-germinal center B-cell-like subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol.26(28), 4587–4594 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molina TJ, Gaulard P, Jais J-P et al. Germinal center phenotype determined by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray does not correlate with outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with immunochemotherapy in the randomized trial LNH98-5. Blood110, 24a (2007).
   Google Scholar
• de Jong D, Rosenwald A, Chhanabhai M et al. Immunohistochemical prognostic markers in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: validation of tissue microarray as a prerequisite for broad clinical applications – a study from the Lunenburg Lymphoma Biomarker Consortium. J. Clin. Oncol.25(7), 805–812 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfreundschuh M, Schubert J, Ziepert M et al. Six versus eight cycles of bi-weekly CHOP-14 with or without rituximab in elderly patients with aggressive CD20+ B-cell lymphomas: a randomised controlled trial (RICOVER-60). Lancet Oncol.9(2), 105–116 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Q, Wang J, Zheng Y et al. The effect of bi-weekly CHOP and standard CHOP in different subgroups of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Onkologie32, 719–723 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dunleavy K, Pittaluga S, Czuczman MS et al. Differential efficacy of bortezomib plus chemotherapy within molecular subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood113(24), 6069–6076 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todeschini G, Secchi S, Morra E et al. Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMLBCL): long-term results from a retrospective multicentre Italian experience in 138 patients treated with CHOP or MACOP-B/VACOP-B. Br. J. Cancer90(2), 372–376 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savage KJ, Al Rajhi N, Voss N et al. Favorable outcome of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma in a single institution: the British Columbia experience. Ann. Oncol.17(1), 123–130 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zinzani PL, Martelli M, Magagnoli M et al. Treatment and clinical management of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma with sclerosis: MACOP-B regimen and mediastinal radiotherapy monitored by 67Gallium scan in 50 patients. Blood94(10), 3289–3293 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trneny M, Rieger M, Osterborg A et al. The addition of rituximab eliminates the negative prognostic impact of PMBCL compared to DLBCL in young patients with CD20-positive aggressive lymphomas receiving a CHOP-like chemotherapy: results of a subgroup ananalysis of the Mabther International Trial group (MInT) study. Blood112, (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Spaepen K, Stroobants S, Dupont P et al. Early restaging positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose predicts outcome in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Ann. Oncol.13(9), 1356–1363 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchings M, Mikhaeel NG, Fields PA, Nunan T, Timothy AR. Prognostic value of interim FDG-PET after two or three cycles of chemotherapy in Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann. Oncol.16(7), 1160–1168 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikhaeel NG, Hutchings M, Fields PA, O’Doherty MJ, Timothy AR. FDG-PET after two to three cycles of chemotherapy predicts progression-free and overall survival in high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann. Oncol.16(9), 1514–1523 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kostakoglu L, Goldsmith SJ, Leonard JP et al. FDG-PET after 1 cycle of therapy predicts outcome in diffuse large cell lymphoma and classic Hodgkin disease. Cancer107(11), 2678–2687 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haioun C, Itti E, Rahmouni A et al. [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in aggressive lymphoma: an early prognostic tool for predicting patient outcome. Blood106(4), 1376–1381 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han HS, Escalon MP, Hsiao B, Serafini A, Lossos IS. High incidence of false-positive PET scans in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma treated with rituximab-containing regimens. Ann. Oncol.20(2), 309–318 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cashen A, Dehdashti F, Luo J, Bartlett NL. Poor predictive value of FDG-PET/CT performed after 2 cycles of R-CHOP in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood112, 144a (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Lin C, Itti E, Haioun C et al. Early 18F-FDG PET for prediction of prognosis in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: SUV-based assessment versus visual analysis. J. Nucl. Med.48(10), 1626–1632 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheson BD, Pfistner B, Juweid ME et al. Revised response criteria for malignant lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol.25(5), 579–586 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfreundschuh M, Truemper L, Osterborg A et al. CHOP-like chemotherapy plus rituximab compared with CHOP-like chemotherapy alone in young patients with good-prognosis diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a randomized controlled trial by the Mabthera International Trial (MInT) group. Lancet Oncol.7, 379–391 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller TP, Dahlberg S, Cassady JR et al. Chemotherapy alone compared with chemotherapy plus radiotherapy for localized intermediate- and high-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. N. Engl. J. Med.339(1), 21–26 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller TP, LeBlanc M, Spier CM et al. CHOP alone compared to CHOP plus radiotherapy for early stage aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas: update of the Southwest Oncology Group randomized trial. Blood98, 724a (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Reyes F, Lepage E, Ganem G et al. ACVBP versus CHOP plus radiotherapy for localized aggressive lymphoma. N. Engl. J. Med.352(12), 1197–1205 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persky DO, Unger JM, Spier CM et al. Phase II study of rituximab plus three cycles of CHOP and involved-field radiotherapy for patients with limited-stage aggressive B-cell lymphoma: Southwest Oncology Group study 0014. J. Clin. Oncol.26(14), 2258–2263 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfreundschuh M, Ziepert M, Reiser M et al. The role of radiotherapy to bulky disease in the rituximab era: results from two prospective tirals of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma study group (DSHNHL). Blood112, 219a (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McKelvey EM, Gottlieb JA, Wilson HE et al. Hydroxyldaunomycin (adriamycin) combination chemotherapy in malignant lymphoma. Cancer38(4), 1484–1493 (1976).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher RI, Gaynor ER, Dahlberg S et al. Comparison of a standard regimen (CHOP) with three intensive chemotherapy regimens for advanced non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. N. Engl. J. Med.328(14), 1002–1006 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfreundschuh M. Management of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in young patients. Am. J. Cancer4, 349–354 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Gisselbrecht C, Lepage E, Molina T et al. Shortened first-line high-dose chemotherapy for patients with poor- prognosis aggressive lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol.20(10), 2472–2479 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdonck LF, van Putten WL, Hagenbeek A et al. Comparison of CHOP chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation for slowly responding patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. N. Engl. J. Med.332(16), 1045–1051 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kluin-Nelemans HC, Zagonel V, Anastasopoulou A et al. Standard chemotherapy with or without high-dose chemotherapy for aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: randomized Phase III EORTC study. J. Natl Cancer Inst.93(1), 22–30 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiser U, Uebelacker I, Abel U et al. Randomized study to evaluate the use of high-dose therapy as part of primary treatment for “aggressive” lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol.20(22), 4413–4419 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitolo U, Liberati AM, Cabras MG et al. High dose sequential chemotherapy with autologous transplantation versus dose-dense chemotherapy MegaCEOP as first line treatment in poor-prognosis diffuse large cell lymphoma: an “Intergruppo Italiano Linfomi” randomized trial. Haematologica90(6), 793–801 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olivieri A, Santini G, Patti C et al. Upfront high-dose sequential therapy (HDS) versus VACOP-B with or without HDS in aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: long-term results by the NHLCSG. Ann. Oncol.16(12), 1941–1948 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haioun C, Lepage E, Gisselbrecht C et al. Survival benefit of high-dose therapy in poor-risk aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: final analysis of the prospective LNH87-2 protocol – a groupe d’Etude des lymphomes de l’Adulte study. J. Clin. Oncol.18(16), 3025–3030 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santini G, Salvagno L, Leoni P, Chisesi T, De Souza C, Sertoli MR et al. VACOP-B versus VACOP-B plus autologous bone marrow transplantation for advanced diffuse non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: results of a prospective randomized trial by the non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Cooperative study group. J. Clin. Oncol.16(8), 2796–2802 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gianni AM, Bregni M, Siena S et al. High-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation compared with MACOP-B in aggressive B-cell lymphoma. N. Engl. J. Med.336(18), 1290–1297 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Betticher DC, Martinelli G, Radford JA et al. Sequential high dose chemotherapy as initial treatment for aggressive sub-types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: results of the international randomized Phase III trial (MISTRAL). Ann. Oncol.17(10), 1546–1552 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strehl J, Mey U, Glasmacher A et al. High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation as first-line therapy in aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a meta-analysis. Haematologica88(11), 1304–1315 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfreundschuh M, Trumper L, Kloess M et al. Two-weekly or 3-weekly CHOP chemotherapy with or without etoposide for the treatment of young patients with good-prognosis (normal LDH) aggressive lymphomas: results of the NHL-B1 trial of the DSHNHL. Blood104(3), 626–633 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milpied N, Deconinck E, Gaillard F et al. Initial treatment of aggressive lymphoma with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell support. N. Engl. J. Med.350(13), 1287–1295 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilly H, Lepage E, Coiffier B et al. Intensive conventional chemotherapy (ACVBP regimen) compared with standard CHOP for poor-prognosis aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood102(13), 4284–4289 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Einfeld DA, Brown JP, Valentine MA, Clark EA, Ledbetter JA. Molecular cloning of the human B cell CD20 receptor predicts a hydrophobic protein with multiple transmembrane domains. EMBO J.7(3), 711–717 (1988).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valentine MA, Meier KE, Rossie S, Clark EA. Phosphorylation of the CD20 phosphoprotein in resting B lymphocytes. Regulation by protein kinase C. J. Biol. Chem.264(19), 11282–11287 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tedder TF, Boyd AW, Freedman AS, Nadler LM, Schlossman SF. The B cell surface molecule B1 is functionally linked with B cell activation and differentiation. J. Immunol.135(2), 973–979 (1985).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Press OW, Howell-Clark J, Anderson S, Bernstein I. Retention of B-cell-specific monoclonal antibodies by human lymphoma cells. Blood83(5), 1390–1397 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giles FJ, Vose JM, Do KA et al. Circulating CD20 and CD52 in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma or Hodgkin’s disease. Br. J. Haematol.123(5), 850–857 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Press OW, Appelbaum F, Ledbetter JA, Martin PJ, Zarling J, Kidd P et al. Monoclonal antibody 1F5 (anti-CD20) serotherapy of human B cell lymphomas. Blood69(2), 584–591 (1987).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sieber T, Schoeler D, Ringel F, Pascu M, Schriever F. Selective internalization of monoclonal antibodies by B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. Br. J. Haematol.121(3), 458–461 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anolik J, Looney RJ, Bottaro A, Sanz I, Young F. Down-regulation of CD20 on B cells upon CD40 activation. Eur. J. Immunol.33(9), 2398–2409 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tedder TF, Engel P. CD20: a regulator of cell-cycle progression of B lymphocytes. Immunol. Today15(9), 450–454 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Demidem A, Lam T, Alas S, Hariharan K, Hanna N, Bonavida B. Chimeric anti-CD20 (IDEC-C2B8) monoclonal antibody sensitizes a B cell lymphoma cell line to cell killing by cytotoxic drugs. Cancer Biother. Radiopharm.12(3), 177–186 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson P, Glennie M. The mechanisms of action of rituximab in the elimination of tumor cells. Semin. Oncol.30(1 Suppl. 2), 3–8 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reff ME, Carner K, Chambers KS et al. Depletion of B cells in vivo by a chimeric mouse human monoclonal antibody to CD20. Blood83(2), 435–445 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koene HR, Kleijer M, Algra J, Roos D, dem Borne AE, de Haas M. FcγRIIIa-158V/F polymorphism influences the binding of IgG by natural killer cell FcγRIIIa, independently of the FcγRIIIa-48L/R/H phenotype. Blood90(3), 1109–1114 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cartron G, Dacheux L, Salles G et al. Therapeutic activity of humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and polymorphism in IgG Fc receptor FcγRIIIa gene. Blood99(3), 754–758 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weng WK, Levy R. Two immunoglobulin G fragment C receptor polymorphisms independently predict response to rituximab in patients with follicular lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol.21(21), 3940–3947 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahlgrimm M, Regitz E, Preuss K-D et al. Gene polymorphisms of FcRIIA and FCRIIIA in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is not associated with treatment outcome of elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with CHOP and rituximab: results from the RICOVER-60 trial of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma study group (DSHNHL). Blood (2009) (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• Coiffier B, Haioun C, Ketterer N et al. Rituximab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) for the treatment of patients with relapsing or refractory aggressive lymphoma: a multicenter Phase II study. Blood92(6), 1927–1932 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czuczman MS, Grillo-Lopez AJ, White CA et al. Treatment of patients with low-grade B-cell lymphoma with the combination of chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and CHOP chemotherapy. J. Clin. Oncol.17(1), 268–276 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vose JM, Link BK, Grossbard ML, Czuczman M, Grillo-Lopez A, Fisher RI. Long-term update of a Phase II study of rituximab in combination with CHOP chemotherapy in patients with previously untreated, aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Leuk. Lymphoma46(11), 1569–1573 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coiffier B, Lepage E, Briere J et al. CHOP chemotherapy plus rituximab compared with CHOP alone in elderly patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. N. Engl. J. Med.346(4), 235–242 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feugier P, Van Hoof A, Sebban C et al. Long-term results of the R-CHOP study in the treatment of elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a study by the Groupe d’Etude des Lymphomes de l’Adulte. J. Clin. Oncol.23(18), 4117–4126 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habermann TM, Weller EA, Morrison VA et al. Rituximab-CHOP versus CHOP alone or with maintenance rituximab in older patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol.24(19), 3121–3127 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sehn LH, Donaldson J, Chhanabhai M et al. Introduction of combined CHOP plus rituximab therapy dramatically improved outcome of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in British Columbia. J. Clin. Oncol.23(22), 5027–5033 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfreundschuh M, Trumper L, Kloess M et al. Two-weekly or 3-weekly CHOP chemotherapy with or without etoposide for the treatment of elderly patients with aggressive lymphomas: results of the NHL-B2 trial of the DSHNHL. Blood104(3), 634–641 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham D, Smith P, Mouncey P et al. A Phase III trial comparing R-CHOP 14 and R-CHOP 21 for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol.27, 435s(2009).
   Google Scholar
• Schmitz R, Nickelsen M, Ziepert M et al. Aggressive chemotherapy (CHOEP-14) and rituximab or high-dose therapy (MegaCHOEP) and rituximab for young high-risk patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma: results of the MegaCHOEP trial of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma study group (DSHNHL). Blood114, (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Zinzani PL, Tani M, Fanti S et al. A Phase II trial of CHOP chemotherapy followed by yttrium 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) for previously untreated elderly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients. Ann. Oncol.19(4), 769–773 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morschhauser F, Illidge T, Huglo D et al. Efficacy and safety of yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma not appropriate for autologous stem-cell transplantation. Blood110(1), 54–58 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fietz T, Uharek L, Gentilini C et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation following conditioning with 90Y-ibritumomab-tiuxetan. Leuk. Lymphoma47(1), 59–63 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boehme V, Schmitz N, Zeynalova S, Loeffler M, Pfreundschuh M. CNS events in elderly patients with aggressive lymphoma treated with modern chemotherapy (CHOP-14) with or without rituximab: an analysis of patients treated in the RICOVER-60 trial of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma study group (DSHNHL). Blood113(17), 3896–3902 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbert K, Wolf M, Carney D et al. The addition of systemic high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) to intrathecal chemotherapy (IT) for central nervous system prophylaxis substantially reduces CNS recurrence rates in patients with at-risk aggressive lymphoma: a historically controlled prospective study. Blood112, 1230 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Philip T, Guglielmi C, Hagenbeek A et al. Autologous bone marrow transplantation as compared with salvage chemotherapy in relapses of chemotherapy-sensitive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. N. Engl. J. Med.333(23), 1540–1545 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guglielmi C, Gomez F, Philip T et al. Time to relapse has prognostic value in patients with aggressive lymphoma enrolled onto the Parma trial. J. Clin. Oncol.16(10), 3264–3269 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabanillas F, Hagemeister FB, Bodey GP, Freireich EJ. IMVP-16: an effective regimen for patients with lymphoma who have relapsed after initial combination chemotherapy. Blood60(3), 693–697 (1982).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Lord C, Newland AC, Linch DC, Vaughan HB, Vaughan HG. Failure of IMVP-16 as second-line treatment for relapsed or refractory high grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Hematol. Oncol.10(2), 81–86 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velasquez WS, Cabanillas F, Salvador P et al. Effective salvage therapy for lymphoma with cisplatin in combination with high-dose Ara-C and dexamethasone (DHAP). Blood71(1), 117–122 (1988).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soussain C, Souleau B, Gabarre J et al. Intensive chemotherapy with hematopoietic cell transplantation after ESHAP therapy for relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Results of a single-centre study of 65 patients. Leuk. Lymphoma33(5–6), 543–550 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sweetenham JW, Johnson PW. ESHAP chemotherapy for relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol.12(12), 2766 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Velasquez WS, McLaughlin P, Tucker S et al. ESHAP – an effective chemotherapy regimen in refractory and relapsing lymphoma: a 4-year follow-up study. J. Clin. Oncol.12(6), 1169–1176 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez MA, Cabanillas FC, Velasquez W et al. Results of a salvage treatment program for relapsing lymphoma: MINE consolidated with ESHAP. J. Clin. Oncol.13(7), 1734–1741 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson WH, Bryant G, Bates S et al. EPOCH chemotherapy: toxicity and efficacy in relapsed and refractory non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol.11(8), 1573–1582 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao NJ, Rosenberg SA, Horning SJ. CEPP(B): an effective and well-tolerated regimen in poor-risk, aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Blood76(7), 1293–1298 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cortelazzo S, Rambaldi A, Rossi A et al. Intensification of salvage treatment with high-dose sequential chemotherapy improves the outcome of patients with refractory or relapsed aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Br. J. Haematol.114(2), 333–341 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atta J, Chow KU, Weidmann E, Mitrou PS, Hoelzer D, Martin H. Dexa-BEAM as salvage therapy in patients with primary refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk. Lymphoma48(2), 349–356 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiser M, Josting A, Dias WP et al. Dexa-BEAM is not effective in patients with relapsed or resistant aggressive high-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Leuk. Lymphoma33(3–4), 305–312 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moskowitz C, Hamlin PA, Horwitz SM et al. Phase II trial of dose-dense R-CHOP followed by risk-adapted consolidation with either ICE or ICE and ASCT, based upon the results of biopsy-confirmed abnormal interim restaging PET scan improves outcome of patients with advanced stage DLBCL. Blood108, 161a (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Josting A, Sieniawski M, Glossmann JP et al. High-dose sequential chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in relapsed and refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: results of a multicenter Phase II study. Ann. Oncol.16(8), 1359–1365 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kewalramani T, Zelenetz AD, Nimer SD et al. Rituximab and ICE as second-line therapy before autologous stem cell transplantation for relapsed or primary refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood103(10), 3684–3688 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vellenga E, van Putten WL, van’t Veer MB et al. Rituximab improves the treatment results of DHAP-VIM-DHAP and ASCT in relapsed/progressive aggressive CD20+ NHL: a prospective randomized HOVON trial. Blood111(2), 537–543 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin A, Conde E, Arnan M et al. R-ESHAP as salvage therapy for patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: the influence of prior exposure to rituximab on outcome. A GEL/TAMO study. Haematologica93(12), 1829–1836 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gisselbrecht C, Glass B, Mounier N et al. R-ICE versus R-DHAP in relapsed patients with CD20 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. J. Clin. Oncol.27, 436s (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Branson K, Chopra R, Kottaridis PD et al. Role of nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem-cell transplantation after failure of autologous transplantation in patients with lymphoproliferative malignancies. J. Clin. Oncol.20(19), 4022–4031 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dhedin N, Giraudier S, Gaulard P et al. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (excluding Burkitt and lymphoblastic lymphoma): a series of 73 patients from the SFGM database. Societ Francaise de Greffe de Moelle. Br. J. Haematol.107(1), 154–161 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escalon MP, Champlin RE, Saliba RM et al. Nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation: a promising salvage therapy for patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma whose disease has failed a prior autologous transplantation. J. Clin. Oncol.22(12), 2419–2423 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glass B, Nickelsen M, Dreger P et al. Reduced-intensity conditioning prior to allogeneic transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells: the need for T cells early after transplantation to induce a graft-versus-lymphoma effect. Bone Marrow Transplant.34(5), 391–397 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khouri IF. Reduced-intensity regimens in allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for non-hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Hematol. Am. Soc. Hematol. Educ. Program390–397 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Labar B, Bogdanic V, Nemet D et al. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in treatment of aggressive lymphomas: case series. Croat. Med. J.43(5), 565–568 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levine JE, Harris RE, Loberiza FR Jr et al. A comparison of allogeneic and autologous bone marrow transplantation for lymphoblastic lymphoma. Blood101(7), 2476–2482 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maloney D. Allogeneic transplantation following nonmyeloablative conditioning for aggressive lymphoma. Bone Marrow Transplant.42(Suppl. 1), S35–S36 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson SP, Goldstone AH, Mackinnon S et al. Chemoresistant or aggressive lymphoma predicts for a poor outcome following reduced-intensity allogeneic progenitor cell transplantation: an analysis from the Lymphoma Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation. Blood100(13), 4310–4316 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitz N, Dreger P, Glass B, Sureda A. Allogeneic transplantation in lymphoma: current status. Haematologica92(11), 1533–1548 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop MR, Dean RM, Steinberg SM et al. Clinical evidence of a graft-versus-lymphoma effect against relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Ann. Oncol.19(11), 1935–1940 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez R, Nademanee A, Ruel N et al. Comparison of reduced-intensity and conventional myeloablative regimens for allogeneic transplantation in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant.12(12), 1326–1334 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gopal AK, Rajendran JG, Gooley TA et al. High-dose [131I]tositumomab (anti-CD20) radioimmunotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for adults > or = 60 years old with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol.25(11), 1396–1402 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomson KJ, Morris EC, Bloor A et al. Favorable long-term survival after reduced-intensity allogeneic transplantation for multiple-relapse aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol.27(3), 426–432 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirvent A, Dhedin N, Michallet M et al. Low non-relapse mortality and prolonged long-term survival after reduced-intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: report of the Societe Francaise de Greffe de Moelle et de Therapie Cellulaire. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant.16(1), 78–85 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamadani M, Blum W, Phillips G et al. Improved nonrelapse mortality and infection rate with lower dose of antithymocyte globulin in patients undergoing reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic transplantation for hematologic malignancies. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant.15(11), 1422–1430 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Gnaoui T, Dupuis J, Belhadj K et al. Rituximab, gemcitabine and oxaliplatin: an effective salvage regimen for patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma not candidates for high-dose therapy. Ann. Oncol.18(8), 1363–1368 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez A, Gutierrez A, Palacios A et al. GEMOX-R regimen is a highly effective salvage regimen in patients with refractory/relapsing diffuse large-cell lymphoma: a Phase II study. Eur. J. Haematol.80(2), 127–132 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corazzelli G, Capobianco G, Arcamone M et al. Long-term results of gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin with and without rituximab as salvage treatment for transplant-ineligible patients with refractory/relapsing B-cell lymphoma. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol.64(5), 907–916 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bargou R, Leo E, Zugmaier G et al. Tumor regression in cancer patients by very low doses of a T cell-engaging antibody. Science321(5891), 974–977 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard JP, Coleman M, Ketas J et al. Combination antibody therapy with epratuzumab and rituximab in relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol.23(22), 5044–5051 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard J, Friedberg J, Younes A. Results from a Phase I/II study of galiximab (anti-CD80) in combination with rituximab (anti-CD20) for relapsed or refractory follicular NHL. Ann. Oncol.16(Suppl.), v71(2005).
   Google Scholar
• Oflazoglu E, Stone IJ, Brown L et al. Macrophages and Fc-receptor interactions contribute to the antitumour activities of the anti-CD40 antibody SGN-40. Br. J. Cancer100(1), 113–117 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moretto P, Hotte SJ. Targeting apoptosis: preclinical and early clinical experience with mapatumumab, an agonist monoclonal antibody targeting TRAIL-R1. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs18(3), 311–325 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sancilio S, Grill V, Di Pietro R. A combined approach with rituximab plus anti-TRAIL-R agonistic antibodies for the treatment of haematological malignancies. Curr. Pharm. Des.14(21), 2085–2099 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazur G, Wrobel T, Dziegiel P, Jelen M, Kuliczkowski K, Zabel M. Angiogenesis measured by expression of CD34 antigen in lymph nodes of patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Folia Histochem. Cytobiol.42(4), 241–243 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenz G, Wright G, Dave SS et al. Stromal gene signatures in large-B-cell lymphomas. N. Engl. J. Med.359(22), 2313–2323 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao WL, Mourah S, Mounier N et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A is expressed both on lymphoma cells and endothelial cells in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and related to lymphoma progression. Lab. Invest.84(11), 1512–1519 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salven P, Orpana A, Teerenhovi L, Joensuu H. Simultaneous elevation in the serum concentrations of the angiogenic growth factors VEGF and bFGF is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a single-institution study of 200 patients. Blood96(12), 3712–3718 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niitsu N, Okamato M, Nakamine H et al. Simultaneous elevation of the serum concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 as independent predictors of prognosis in aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Eur. J. Haematol.68(2), 91–100 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganjoo KN, An CS, Robertson MJ et al. Rituximab, bevacizumab and CHOP (RA-CHOP) in untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: safety, biomarker and pharmacokinetic analysis. Leuk. Lymphoma47(6), 998–1005 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goy A, Younes A, McLaughlin P et al. Phase II study of proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol.23(4), 667–675 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czuczman MS, Vose JM, Zinzani P-L et al. Confirmation of the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide oral monotherapy in patients with relpased or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: results of an international study. Blood112, (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Wiernik PH, Lossos IS, Tuscano JM et al. Lenalidomide monotherapy in relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol.26(30), 4952–4957 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reeder CB, Gornet MK, Habermann TM et al. A Phase II trial of the oral mTOR inhibitor everolimus (RAD001) in relapsed aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood110, 44a(2007).
   Google Scholar
• Hess G, Herbrecht R, Romaguera J et al. Phase III study to evaluate temsirolimus compared with investigator’s choice therapy for the treatment of relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol.27(23), 3822–3829 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedberg JW, Sharman J, Schaefer-Cutillo J et al. Fostamatinib disodium (FosD), an oral inhibitor of syk, is well-tolerated and has significant clinical activity in diffuse large B cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood112, 3(2008).
   Google Scholar
• Ma X, Ezzeldin HH, Diasio RB. Histone deacetylase inhibitors: current status and overview of recent clinical trials. Drugs69(14), 1911–1934 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stimson L, Wood V, Khan O, Fotheringham S, La Thangue NB. HDAC inhibitor-based therapies and haematological malignancy. Ann. Oncol.20(8), 1293–1302 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiser M, Wenger M, Nickenig C, Peter N, Metzner B, Pfreundschuh M. Serum levels and pharmacokinetics of rituximab in bi-weekly R-CHOP in elderly patients with DLBCL treated in the RICOVER-60 trial. J. Clin. Oncol.24, 430s(2006).
   Google Scholar
• Sehn LH, Savage KJ, Hoskins P et al. Limited-stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients with a negative PET scan following three cycles of R-CHOP can be effectively treated with abbreviated chemoimmunotherapy alone. Blood110, 242a (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hartmann F, Zeynalova S, Nickenig C et al. PEG-filgrastim (PEG-F) on day 4 of (R-)CHOP-14 chemotherapy is superior to day 2 in elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): results of a randomized trial of the German High-grade Non-Hodgkin-Lymphoma Study group (DSHNHL). J. Clin. Oncol.25, 707s (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Pfreundschuh M, Zeynalova S, Poeschel V et al. Improved outcome of elderly patients with poor-prognosis diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) after dose-dense Rituximab: results of the DENSE-R-CHOP-14 trial of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma study group (DSHNHL). J. Clin. Oncol.26(Suppl.), (2008) (Abstract 8508).
   Google Scholar
• DeVV Jr, Hubbard SM, Longo DL. The chemotherapy of lymphomas: looking back, moving forward – the Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Foundation award lecture. Cancer Res.47(22), 5810–5824 (1987).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rodriguez MA, Pytlik R, Kozak T et al. Vincristine sulfate liposomes injection (Marqibo) in heavily pretreated patients with refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma: report of the pivotal Phase 2 study. Cancer115(15), 3475–3482 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dann EJ, Epelbaum R, Avivi I et al. Fertility and ovarian function are preserved in women treated with an intensified regimen of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine and prednisone (Mega-CHOP) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Hum. Reprod.20(8), 2247–2249 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziepert M, Hasenclever D, Kuhnt E et al. The standard International Prognostic Index (IPI) remains a valid predictor of outcome for patients with aggressive CD20+ B-cell lymphoma in the R-CHOP era. J. Clin. Oncol. (2010) (In press).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shipp MA, Ross KN, Tamayo P et al. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma outcome prediction by gene-expression profiling and supervised machine learning. Nat. Med.8(1), 68–74 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenwald A, Wright G, Chan WC, Connors JM, Campo E, Fisher RI et al. The use of molecular profiling to predict survival after chemotherapy for diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. N. Engl. J. Med.346(25), 1937–1947 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimsza LM, LeBlanc ML, Unger JM et al. Gene expression predicts overall survival in paraffin-embedded tissues of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP. Blood112(8), 3425–3433 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khouri IF, Saliba RM, Hosing C et al. Concurrent administration of high-dose rituximab before and after autologous stem-cell transplantation for relapsed aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. J. Clin. Oncol.23(10), 2240–2247 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blasco H, Chatelut E, de Bretagne IB, Congy-Jolivet N, Le Guellec C. Pharmacokinetics of rituximab associated with CHOP chemotherapy in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol.23(5), 601–608 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar