251
Views
22
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Definition and management of patients with bladder cancer who fail BCG therapy

&
Pages 815-820 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014

References

  • Epstein JI, Amin MB, Reuter VR, Mostofi FK. The World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology consensus classification of urothelial (transitional cell) neoplasms of the urinary bladder. Bladder Consensus Conference Committee. Am. J. Surg. Pathol.22(12), 1435–1448 (1998).
  • Shelley MD, Court JB, Kynaston H, Wilt TJ, Fish RG, Mason M. Intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guerin in Ta and T1 bladder cancer. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.4, CD001986 (2000).
  • Sylvester RJ, van der Meijden AP, Witjes JA, Kurth K. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin versus chemotherapy for the intravesical treatment of patients with carcinoma in situ of the bladder: a meta-analysis of the published results of randomized clinical trials. J. Urol.174(1), 86–91 (2005).
  • Herr HW, Dalbagni G. Defining bacillus Calmette–Guérin refractory superficial bladder tumors. J. Urol.169(5), 1706–1708 (2003).
  • O’Donnell MA, Boehle A. Treatment options for BCG failures. World J. Urol.24(5), 481–487 (2006).
  • Merz VW, Marth D, Kraft R, Ackermann DK, Zingg EJ, Studer UE. Analysis of early failures after intravesical instillation therapy with bacille Calmette–Guérin for carcinoma in situ of the bladder. Br J. Urol.75(2), 180–184 (1995).
  • Lamm DL. Preventing progression and improving survival with BCG maintenance. Eur. Urol.37(Suppl. 1), 9–15 (2000).
  • Han RF, Pan JG. Can intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guérin reduce recurrence in patients with superficial bladder cancer? A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Urology67(6), 1216–1223 (2006).
  • Kamat AM. Intravesical BCG for bladder cancer: how much is enough? Cancer113(4), 674–676 (2008).
  • Martinez-Pineiro JA, Martinez-Pineiro L, Solsona E et al. Has a 3-fold decreased dose of bacillus Calmette–Guérin the same efficacy against recurrences and progression of T1G3 and Tis bladder tumors than the standard dose? Results of a prospective randomized trial. J. Urol.174(4 Pt 1), 1242–1247 (2005).
  • de Boer EC, Rooyakkers SJ, Schamhart DH, de Reijke TM, Kurth KH. BCG dose reduction by decreasing the instillation frequency: effects on local Th1/Th2 cytokine responses in a mouse model. Eur. Urol.48(2), 333–338 (2005).
  • Lamm D. Improving patient outcomes: optimal BCG treatment regimen to prevent progression in superficial bladder cancer. Eur. Urol. Suppl.5(10), 654–659 (2006).
  • Colombel M, Saint F, Chopin D, Malavaud B, Nicolas L, Rischmann P. The effect of ofloxacin on bacillus Calmette–Guérin induced toxicity in patients with superficial bladder cancer: results of a randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo controlled, and multicenter study. J. Urol.176(3), 935–939 (2006).
  • Bui TT, Schellhammer PF. Additional bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy for recurrent transitional cell carcinoma after an initial complete response. Urology49(5), 687–690 (1997).
  • Catalina WJ, Hudson MA, Gillen DP, Androgen GL, Ratliff TL. Risks and benefits of repeated courses of intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy for superficial bladder cancer. J. Urol.137(2), 220–224 (1987).
  • Lerner SP, Tangent CM, Surcharge H, Wood D, Crawford ED. Failure to achieve a complete response to induction BCG therapy is associated with increased risk of disease worsening and death in patients with high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Urol. Oncol.27(2), 155–159 (2009).
  • Harland SJ, Charig CR, Highman W, Parkinson MC, Riddle PR. Outcome in carcinoma in situ of bladder treated with intravesical bacille Calmette–Guérin. Br. J. Urol.70(3), 271–275 (1992).
  • Locker CR, Sedgwick JE, Gillett DA. Beware the BCG failures: a review of one institution’s results. Eur. Urol.42(6), 542–546 (2002).
  • Lerner SP, Tangent CM, Surcharge H, Wood D, Crawford ED. Patterns of recurrence and outcomes following induction bacillus Calmette–Guérin for high risk Ta, T1 bladder cancer. J. Urol.177(5), 1727–1731 (2007).
  • Metallic AR, Kamat IS. Controversial issues and optimal management of stage T1G3 bladder cancer. Expet Rev. Anticancer Ther.6(8), 1283–1294 (2006).
  • Grossman HB, O’Donnell MA, Cookson MS, Greenberg RE, Keane TE. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin failures and beyond: contemporary management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Rev. Urol.10(4), 281–289 (2008).
  • Herr HW, Sogani PC. Does early cystectomy improve the survival of patients with high risk superficial bladder tumors? J. Urol.166(4), 1296–1299 (2001).
  • Mahmud SM, Fong B, Fahmy N, Tanguay S, Aprikian AG. Effect of preoperative delay on survival in patients with bladder cancer undergoing cystectomy in Quebec: a population based study. J. Urol.175(1), 78–83 (2006).
  • Malmstrom PU, Wijkstrom H, Lundholm C, Wester K, Busch C, Norlen BJ. 5-year follow-up of a randomized prospective study comparing mitomycin C and bacillus Calmette–Guérin in patients with superficial bladder carcinoma. Swedish–Norwegian Bladder Cancer Study Group. J. Urol.161(4), 1124–1127 (1999).
  • Steinberg G, Bahnson R, Brosman S, Middleton R, Wajsman Z, Wehle M. Efficacy and safety of valrubicin for the treatment of bacillus Calmette–Guérin refractory carcinoma in situ of the bladder. The Valrubicin Study Group. J. Urol.163(3), 761–767 (2000).
  • Gallardo E, Sáenz A, Fernández-Morale LA et al. Intravesical gemcitabine in high-risk, non-muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder after BCG failure. Proceeding of the Genitourinary Cancers Symposium, 14–16 February 2008, San Francisco, CA, USA (Abstract 299).
  • Mohanty NK, Nayak RL, Vasudeva P, Arora RP. Intravesical gemcitabine in management of BCG refractory superficial TCC of urinary bladder – our experience. Urol. Oncol.26(6), 616–619 (2008).
  • Dalbagni G, Russo P, Bochner B et al. Phase II trial of intravesical gemcitabine in bacille Calmette–Guérin-refractory transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. J. Clin. Oncol.24(18), 2729–2734 (2006).
  • McKiernan JM, Masson P, Murphy AM et al. Phase I trial of intravesical docetaxel in the management of superficial bladder cancer refractory to standard intravesical therapy. J. Clin. Oncol.24(19), 3075–3080 (2006).
  • Puri R, Palit V, Loadman PM et al. Phase I/II pilot study of intravesical apaziquone (EO9) for superficial bladder cancer. J. Urol.176(4 Pt 1), 1344–1348 (2006).
  • Jain A, Phillips RM, Scally AJ, Lenaz G, Beer M, Puri R. Response of multiple recurrent TaT1 bladder cancer to intravesical apaziquone (EO9): comparative analysis of tumor recurrence rates. Urology73(5), 1083–1086 (2009).
  • Fukui I, Sekine H, Kihara K et al. Intravesical combination chemotherapy with mitomycin C and doxorubicin for carcinoma in situ of the bladder. J. Urol.141(3), 531–534 (1989).
  • Breyer BN, Whitson JM, Carroll PR, Konety BR. Sequential intravesical gemcitabine and mitomycin C chemotherapy regimen in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Urol. Oncol. (2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2008.11.019 (Epub ahead of print).
  • Gallagher BL, Joudi FN, Maymi JL, O’Donnell MA. Impact of previous bacille Calmette–Guérin failure pattern on subsequent response to bacille Calmette–Guérin plus interferon intravesical therapy. Urology71(2), 297–301 (2008).
  • O’Donnell MA, Lilli K, Leopold C. Interim results from a national multicenter Phase II trial of combination bacillus Calmette–Guérin plus interferon α-2b for superficial bladder cancer. J. Urol.172 (3), 888–893 (2004).
  • Sarosdy MF, Manyak MJ, Sagalowsky AI et al. Oral bropirimine immunotherapy of bladder carcinoma in situ after prior intravesical bacille Calmette–Guérin. Urology51(2), 226–231 (1998).
  • Morales A, Phadke K, Steinhoff G. Intravesical mycobacterial cell wall–DNA complex in the treatment of carcinoma in situ of the bladder after standard intravesical therapy has failed. J. Urol.181(3), 1040–1045 (2009).
  • Akcetin Z, Todorov J, Tuzel E et al. Radiochemotherapy after transurethral resection is an effective treatment method in T1G3 bladder cancer. Anticancer Res.25(3A), 1623–1628 (2005).
  • Grossman HB, Natale RB, Tangen CM et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus cystectomy compared with cystectomy alone for locally advanced bladder cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.349(9), 859–866 (2003).
  • Herr HW. Outcome of patients who refuse cystectomy after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Eur. Urol.54(1), 126–132 (2008).
  • Solsona E, Climent MA, Iborra I et al. Bladder preservation in selected patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer by complete transurethral resection of the bladder plus systemic chemotherapy: long-term follow-up of a Phase 2 nonrandomized comparative trial with radical cystectomy. Eur. Urol. (2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2008.08.027 (Epub ahead of print).
  • Weiss C, Wolze C, Engehausen DG et al. Radiochemotherapy after transurethral resection for high-risk T1 bladder cancer: an alternative to intravesical therapy or early cystectomy? J. Clin. Oncol.24(15), 2318–2324 (2006).
  • Jocham D, von Wietersheim J, Pfluger H et al. [BCG versus photodynamic therapy (PDT) for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer – a multicentre clinical phase III study]. Aktuelle Urologie40(2), 91–99 (2009).
  • Di Stasi SM, Giannantoni A, Giurioli A et al. Sequential BCG and electromotive mitomycin versus BCG alone for high-risk superficial bladder cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol.7(1), 43–51 (2006).
  • Alfred Witjes J, Hendricksen K, Gofrit O, Risi O, Nativ O. Intravesical hyperthermia and mitomycin-C for carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder: experience of the European Synergo® working party. World J. Urol. DOI: 10.1007/s00345-009-0384-2 (2009) (Epub ahead of print).

Website

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.