Perioperative irradiation in extremity soft tissue sarcoma

References

• American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts and Figures. Atlanta, GA, USA (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Kattan MW, Leung DH, Brennan MF et al. Postoperative nomogram for 12-year sarcoma-specific death. J. Clin. Oncol.20, 791–796 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence W Jr. Soft tissue sarcomas in adults and children: a comparison. CA Cancer J. Clin.44(4), 197–199 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon MA, Enneking WF et al. The management of soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities. J. Bone Joint Surg.58, 317 (1976).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiu MH, Hajdu SI. Management of soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity. Semin. Oncol.8, 172 (1981).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg SA, Tepper JE, Glatstein EJ et al. The treatment of soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities: prospective randomized evaluations of limb-sparing surgery plus radiation therapy compared with amputation and the role of adjuvant chemotherapy. Ann. Surg.196, 305–315 (1982).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pisters PW, Leung DH, Woodruff JM et al. Analysis of prognostic factors in 1041 patients with localized soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities. J. Clin. Oncol.14, 1679–1689 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pisters PW, Harrison LB, Leung DH et al. Long term results of prospective randomized trial of adjuvant brachytherapy in soft tissue sarcoma. J. Clin. Oncol.14, 859–868 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang JC, Chang AE, Baker AR et al. Randomized prospective study of the benefit of adjuvant radiation therapy in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity. J. Clin. Oncol.16, 197–203 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pisters PW, Pollock RE, Lewis VO et al. Long-term results of prospective trial of surgery alone with selective use of radiation for patients with T1 extremity and trunk soft tissue sarcomas. Ann. Surg.246, 675–682 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Cahlon O, Spierer M, Brennan MF, Singer S, Alektiar KM. Long term outcomes in extremity soft tissue sarcoma after a pathologically negative re-resection and without radiotherapy (RT). Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.69(3), S1–S94 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Koshy M, Rich SE, Mohiuddin MM et al. Improved survival with radiation therapy in high-grade soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities: a SEER analysis. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Physi.77(1), 203–209 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alektiar KM, Leung D, Zelefsky MJ et al. Adjuvant radiation for stage IIB soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity. J. Clin. Oncol.20, 1643–1650 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alektiar KM, Velasco J, Zelefsky MJ et al. Adjuvant radiotherapy for margin-positive high-grade soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.48, 1051–1058 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLaney TF, Saveli LK, Goldberg I, Hornicek FJ. Radiation therapy for control of soft-tissue sarcomas resected with positive margins. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.67(5) 1460–1469 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim YB, Shin KH, Seong J et al. Clinical significance of margin status in postoperative radiotherapy for extremity and truncal soft-tissue sarcoma. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.70(1), 139–144 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Dagan R, McGee L, Morris CG et al. Is a marginal excision relevant after preoperative radiation therapy for soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity? Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.78(3), S1–S86 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Pitson G, Robinson P Wilke D et al. Radiation response: an additional unique signature of myxoid liposarcoma. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.60, 522–526 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung PW, Deheshi BM, Ferguson PC et al. Radiosensitivity translates into excellent local control in extremity myxoid liposarcoma: a comparison with other soft tissue sarcomas. Cancer115, 3254–3261 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engstrom CK, Bergh P, Cederlund CG et al. Irradiation of myxoid/round cell liposarcoma induces volume reduction and lipoma-like morphology. Acta Oncol.46, 838–845 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frustaci S, DiPaoli A, Bidoli E et al. Ifosfamide in the adjuvant therapy of soft tissue sarcomas. Oncology65(2), 80–84 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woll PJ, van Glabbeke M, Hohenberger P et al.; for the EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group. Adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide in resected soft tissue sarcoma: interim analysis of a randomized Phase III trial. Program and abstracts of: 43rd American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Chicago, IL, USA, 1–5 June 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Sarcoma Meta-analysis Collaboration. Adjuvant chemotherapy for localized resectable soft-tissue sarcoma of adults: meta-analysis of individual data. Lancet350, 1647–1654 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pervaiz N, Colterjohn N, Farrokhyar F et al. A systematic meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of adjuvant chemotherapy for localized resectable soft-tissue sarcoma. Cancer113, 573 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eilber FC, Eilber FR, Eckardt J et al. The impact of chemotherapy on the survival of patients with high-grade primary extremity liposarcoma. Ann. Surg.240(4), 686–695 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gobmyer SR, Make RG, Demetri GD et al. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for primary high-grade extremity soft tissue sarcoma. Ann. Oncol.15, 1667–1672 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Kraybill WG, Harris J, Spiro IJ et al. Phase II study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy in the management of high-risk, high-grade, soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities and body wall: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Trial 9514. J. Clin. Oncol.24(4), 619–625 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haglund KE, Goldberg S, Rosenberg A et al. Percent necrosis in extremity soft tissue sarcoma after preoperative radiation alone versus preoperative radiation and chemotherapy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.69(3), S1–S95 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Roberge D, Skamene T, Nahal A et al. Radiological and pathological response following pre-operative radiotherapy for soft-tissue sarcoma. Radiother. Oncol.97(3), 404–407 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz DL, Einck J, Hunt K et al. The effect of delayed postoperative irradiation on local control of soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity and torso. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.52(5), 1352–1359 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jebsen NL, Trovik CS, Bauer HC et al. Radiotherapy to improve local control regardless of surgical margin and malignancy grade in extremity and trunk wall soft tissue sarcoma: a Scandinavian sarcoma group study. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.71(4), 1196–1203 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaushal AA, Citrin D. The role of radiation therapy in the management of sarcomas, Surg. Clin. North Am.88 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• O’Sullivan B, Davis AM, Turcotte R et al. Preoperative versus postoperative radiotherapy in soft-tissue sarcoma of the limbs: a randomized trial. Lancet359, 2235–2241 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis AM, O’Sullivan B, Turcotte R et al. Late radiation morbidity following randomization to preoperative versus postoperative radiotherapy in extremity soft tissue sarcoma. Radiother Oncol.75, 48–53 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Absi E, Farrokhyar F, Sharma R et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of oncologic outcomes of pre- versus postoperative radiation in localized resectable soft-tissue sarcoma. Ann. Surg. Oncol.17(5), 1367–1374 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suit HD, Mankin HJ, Wood WC et al. Preoperative, intra-operative, and postoperative radiation in the treatment of primary soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer55(11), 2659–2667 (1985).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al Yami A, Griffin AM, Ferguson PC et al. Positive surgical margins in soft tissue sarcoma treated with preoperative radiation: is a postoperative boost necessary? Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys77(4), 1191–1197 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bujko K, Suit HD, Springfield DS et al. Wound healing after surgery and preoperative radiation for sarcoma of soft tissues. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet.176, 124 (1992).
   Google Scholar
• Peat BG, Bell RS, Davis A et al. Wound-healing complications after soft-tissue sarcoma surgery. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.93(5), 980–987 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimner A, Brennan MF, Singer S et al. Patterns of morbidity by compartments in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of the thigh. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.69(3 Suppl. 1), S94 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Korytko TP, Alvarez-Breckenridge CA, Mayerson JL et al. Long term functional outcome in patients with extremity soft tissue sarcoma treated with intraoperative plus postoperative external beam radiotherapy or postoperative external beam radiotherapy Alone. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.75(3 Suppl. 1), S528–S529 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Arbeit JM, Hilaris BS, Brennan MF et al. Wound complications in the multimodality treatment of extremity and superficial truncal sarcomas. J. Clin. Oncol.5, 480 (1987).
   Google Scholar
• Ormsby MV, Hilaris BS, Nori D et al. Wound complications of adjuvant radiation therapy in patients with soft-tissue sarcomas. Ann. Surg.210, 93 (1989).
   Google Scholar
• Wayne JD, Langstein HN, Pollack A et al. Preoperative radiotherapy for extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS): site specific wound complication rates and the impact of reconstructive surgery. Proc. ASCO19, 558a (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Davis AM. Functional outcome in extremity soft tissue sarcoma. Semin. Radiat. Oncol.9, 360 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stinson SF, DeLaney TF, Greenberg J et al. Acute and long-term effects on limb function of combined modality limb sparing therapy for extremity soft tissue sarcoma. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.21, 1493 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell RS, O’Sullivan B, Davis A et al. Functional outcome in patients treated with surgery and irradiation for soft tissue tumours. J. Surg. Oncol.48, 224 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Kampen M, Eble MJ, Lehnert T et al. Correlation of intraoperatively irradiated volume and fibrosis in patients with soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremities. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.51, 94 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Spierer MM, Alektiar KM, Zelefsky MJ et al. Tolerance of tissue transfers to adjuvant radiation therapy in primary soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.56(4), 1112–1116 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Griffin AM, Euler CI, Sharpe MB et al. Radiation planning comparison for superficial tissue avoidance in radiotherapy for soft tissue sarcoma of the lower extremity. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.67(3), 847–856 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holt GE, Griffin AM, Pintilie M et al. Fractures following radiotherapy and limb-salvage surgery for lower extremity soft-tissue sarcomas. A comparison of high-dose and low-dose radiotherapy. J. Bone Joint Surg.87, 315–319 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Euler CI, Parent A, Griffin A et al. Bone fractures following external beam radiotherapy and limb-preservation surgery for extremity soft tissue sarcoma: relationship to irradiated bone length, volume and dose. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.69(3 Suppl. 1), S745–S746 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Dickie CI, Parent AL, Griffin AM et al. Bone fractures following external beam radiotherapy and limb-preservation surgery for lower extremity soft tissue sarcoma: relationship to irradiated bone length, volume, tumor location and dose. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.75(4), 1119–1124 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin PP, Schupak KD, Boland PJ et al. Pathologic femoral fracture after periosteal excision and radiation for the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer82, 2356–2365 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu E, Sabolch A, Pak D et al. Femoral fractures following limb-sparing surgery and radiotherapy for soft tissue sarcoma of the proximal lower-extremity: importance of prophylactic intramedullary nail stabilization. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.78(3 Suppl. 1), S614–S615 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• White LM, Wunder JS, Bell RS et al. Histologic assessment of peritumoral edema in soft tissue sarcoma. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.61, 1439–1445 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bossi A, Mousa A, Verstraete J et al. Target volume delineation for postoperative radiotherapy of soft tissue sarcoma: impact of digital fusion of preoperative images with postoperative images. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.69(S1–S3), 747 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Karam I, Devic S, Hickeson M, David et al. PET/CT for radiotherapy treatment planning in patients with soft tissue sarcomas Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.75(3), 817–821 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Barnett GC, Hoole AC, Twyman N et al. Post-operative radiotherapy for soft tissue sarcoma of the anterior compartment of the thigh: should the sartorius muscle be included? Sarcoma9(1–2), 1–6 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Alektiar KM, Leung D, Zelcfsky MJ et al. Adjuvant radiation for stage IIB soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity. J. Clin. Oncol.20, 1642 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Stewart AJ, Lee YK, Saran FH. Comparison of conventional radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for post-operative radiotherapy for primary extremity soft tissue sarcoma. Radiother. Oncol.93(1), 125–130 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alektiar KM, Hong L, Brennan MF et al. Intensity modulated radiation therapy for primary soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity: preliminary results. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.68(2), 458–464 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkelstein SE, Trott i A, Letson GD et al. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Consensus Panel Atlas of Musculoskeletal Anatomy (CAMAS) for soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.78(S1–S3), 612 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• DeLaney TF, Bosch WR, Roberge D et al. RTOG sarcoma radiation oncologists reach consensus on gross tumor volume (GTV) and clinical target volume (CTV) on computed tomography images for preoperative padiotherapy of primary soft tissue sarcoma of extremity in RTOG Studies. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.78(S1–S3), S87 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Nag S, Shasha D, Janjan N et al. The American Brachytherapy Society recommendations for brachytherapy of soft tissue sarcomas. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.49, 1033 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilaris BS, Bodner WR, Mastoras CA. Role of brachytherapy in adult soft tissue sarcomas. Semin. Surg. Oncol.13, 196 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• Erickson BA, Demanes DJ, Ibbott GS et al. American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) and American College of Radiology (ACR) practice guideline for the performance of high-dose-rate brachytherapy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.79(3), 641–649 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Alekhteyar KM, Leung DH, Brennan MF et al. The effect of combined external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy on local control and wound complications in patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity with positive microscopic margin. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.36, 321–324 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Oertel S, Treiber M, Zahlten-Hinguranage A et al. Intraoperative electron boost radiation followed by moderate doses of external beam radiotherapy in limb-sparing treatment of patients with extremity soft-tissue sarcoma. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.64, 1416 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Azinovic I, Martinez-Monge R, Javier-Artistu J et al. Intraoperative radiotherapy electron boost followed by moderate doses of external beam radiotherapy in resected soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremity. Radiother Oncol.67, 331 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Tsuji SY, O’Donnell RJ, Haas-Kogan D et al. Intraoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of extremity and limb-girdle soft tissue sarcoma. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.69, S751 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Korytko TP, Alvarez-Breckenridge C, Mayerson JL et al. Intraoperative radiotherapy plus external beam radiotherapy versus external beam radiotherapy alone for soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity: a case control Study. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.72(S1–S1), S120–S121 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Berry SL, Mechalakos JG, Alektiar K.M. Setup uncertainty analysis for intensity-modulated radiotherapy for soft tissue sarcoma of the thigh. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.75(S1–S3), S579 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Dickie CI, Parent AL, Chung PW et al. Measuring interfractional and intrafractional motion with cone beam computed tomography and an optical localization system for lower extremity soft tissue sarcoma patients treated with preoperative intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.78(5), 1437–1444 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• DeLaney TF, Kim B, Chen YE et al. An effective 3D target volume for preoperative radiotherapy in extremity soft tissue sarcoma and the effect of margin width on local control. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.75(S1–S3), S527–S528 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Dickie CI, Parent A, Griffin A et al. Examining the relationship between the location of local tumor recurrence and the radiotherapy treatment volume for extremity soft tissue sarcoma patients treated with limb salvage surgery and external beam radiotherapy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.75(S1–S3), S65–S66 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Mazeron JJ, Suit HD. Lymph nodes as sites of metastases from sarcomas of soft tissue. Cancer60, 1800 (1987).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clinical Target Volumes in Conformal and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy: A Clinical Guide to Cancer Treatment. Gregorie V, Scalliet P, Ang KK (Eds). Springer, USA, 219–221 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Zagars GK, Ballo MT. Significance of dose in post operative radiotherapy for soft tissue sarcoma. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.56(2), 473–481 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steel GG. The Growth Kinetics of Tumours. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK (1977).
   Google Scholar
• Hung AY, Hayden JB, Mansoor A et al. Single institution experience with preoperative hypofractionated radiation and concurrent dose-intense chemotherapy for patients with high-risk soft tissue sarcomas. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.72(1 Suppl. 1), S120 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Devisetty K, Kobayashi W, Suit HD et al. Low-dose neoadjuvant external beam radiation therapy for soft tissue sarcoma. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.80(3), 779–786 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Moreno HB, Cabanas GE, Hitt R. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in treating soft tissue sarcomas: sunitinib in non-GIST sarcomas. Clin. Transl. Oncol.12(7), 468–472 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Yanagi T, Kamada T, Tsuji H et al. Dose–volume histogram and dose-surface histogram analysis for skin reactions to carbon ion radiotherapy for bone and soft tissue sarcoma. Radiother. Oncol.95(1), 60–65 (2010).
   Google Scholar