137
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Theme: Sarcoma - Review

Do we still need chemotherapy for AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma?

, &
Pages 203-209 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014

References

  • Kaposi M. Idiopathisches multiples Pigmentsarkom der haut. Archiv fur Dermatologie und Syphilis 4, 265–273 (1872).
  • Coburn JG, Morgan JK. Multiple idiopathic hemorrhagic sarcoma of Kaposi. AMA Arch. Derm. 71(5), 618–624 (1955).
  • Oettle AG. Geographical and racial differences in the frequency of Kaposi’s sarcoma as evidence of environmental or genetic causes. Acta Unio Int. Contra Cancrum 18, 330–363 (1962).
  • Slavin G, Cameron HM, Forbes C, Mitchell RM. Kaposi’s sarcoma in East African children: a report of 51 cases. J. Pathol. 100(3), 187–199 (1970).
  • Bhagwat GP, Naik KG, Sachdeva R, Bhushan V. Disseminated lymphadenopathic Kaposi’s sarcoma in Zambian children. Med. J. Zambia 14(4), 61–63 (1980).
  • Siegel JH, Janis R, Alper JC, Schutte H, Robbins L, Blaufox MD. Disseminated visceral Kaposi’s sarcoma. Appearance after human renal homograft operation. JAMA 207(8), 1493–1496 (1969).
  • CDC. Kaposi’s sarcoma and Pneumocystis pneumonia among homosexual men – New York City and California. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 30(25), 305–308 (1981).
  • Gottlieb GJ, Ragaz A, Vogel JV et al. A preliminary communication on extensively disseminated Kaposi’s sarcoma in young homosexual men. Am. J. Dermatopathol. 3(2), 111–114 (1981).
  • Friedman-Kien A, Laubenstein L, Marmor M, Al E. Kaposi’s sarcoma and pneumocystis pneumonia among homosexual men-New York and California. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 30, 250–254 (1981).
  • Friedman-Kien AE, Laubenstein LJ, Rubinstein P et al. Disseminated Kaposi’s sarcoma in homosexual men. Ann. Intern. Med. 96(6 Pt 1), 693–700 (1982).
  • Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists; AIDS Program, Center for Infectious Diseases. Revision of the CDC surveillance case definition for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 36(Suppl. 1), 1S–S15 (1987).
  • Nguyen HQ, Magaret AS, Kitahata MM, Van Rompaey SE, Wald A, Casper C. Persistent Kaposi sarcoma in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: characterizing the predictors of clinical response. AIDS 22(8), 937–945 (2008).
  • Biggar RJ, Chaturvedi AK, Goedert JJ, Engels EA; HIV/AIDS Cancer Match Study. AIDS-related cancer and severity of immunosuppression in persons with AIDS. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 99(12), 962–972 (2007).
  • Williams I, Churchill D, Anderson J et al. British HIV Association guidelines for the treatment of HIV-1-positive adults with antiretroviral therapy 2012. HIV Med. 13(Suppl. 2), 1–85 (2012).
  • Shiels MS, Pfeiffer RM, Hall HI et al. Proportions of Kaposi sarcoma, selected non-Hodgkin lymphomas, and cervical cancer in the United States occurring in persons with AIDS, 1980-2007. JAMA 305(14), 1450–1459 (2011).
  • Cook-Mozaffari P, Newton R, Beral V, Burkitt DP. The geographical distribution of Kaposi’s sarcoma and of lymphomas in Africa before the AIDS epidemic. Br. J. Cancer 78(11), 1521–1528 (1998).
  • Dal Maso L, Serraino D, Franceschi S. Epidemiology of AIDS-related tumours in developed and developing countries. Eur. J. Cancer 37(10), 1188–1201 (2001).
  • Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D. Global cancer statistics. CA. Cancer J. Clin. 61(2), 69–90 (2011).
  • Friedman-Kien AE, Saltzman BR. Clinical manifestations of classical, endemic African, and epidemic AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 22(6 Pt 2), 1237–1250 (1990).
  • Beral V, Peterman TA, Berkelman RL, Jaffe HW. Kaposi’s sarcoma among persons with AIDS: a sexually transmitted infection? Lancet 335(8682), 123–128 (1990).
  • Frisch M, Biggar RJ, Engels EA, Goedert JJ; AIDS-Cancer Match Registry Study Group. Association of cancer with AIDS-related immunosuppression in adults. JAMA 285(13), 1736–1745 (2001).
  • Friedman-Kien AE, Saltzman BR, Cao YZ et al. Kaposi’s sarcoma in HIV-negative homosexual men. Lancet 335(8682), 168–169 (1990).
  • Beral V, Bull D, Darby S et al. Risk of Kaposi’s sarcoma and sexual practices associated with faecal contact in homosexual or bisexual men with AIDS. Lancet 339(8794), 632–635 (1992).
  • Chang Y, Cesarman E, Pessin MS et al. Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma. Science 266(5192), 1865–1869 (1994).
  • Cesarman E, Chang Y, Moore PS, Said JW, Knowles DM. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-related body-cavity-based lymphomas. N. Engl. J. Med. 332(18), 1186–1191 (1995).
  • Soulier J, Grollet L, Oksenhendler E et al. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in multicentric Castleman’s disease. Blood 86(4), 1276–1280 (1995).
  • Waterston A, Bower M. Fifty years of multicentric Castleman’s disease. Acta Oncol. 43(8), 698–704 (2004).
  • Lee FC, Mitsuyasu RT. Chemotherapy of AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma. Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. 10(5), 1051–1068 (1996).
  • Rafiyath SM, Rasul M, Lee B, Wei G, Lamba G, Liu D. Comparison of safety and toxicity of liposomal doxorubicin vs. conventional anthracyclines: a meta-analysis. Exp. Hematol. Oncol. 1(1), 10 (2012).
  • Gill PS, Wernz J, Scadden DT et al. Randomized Phase III trial of liposomal daunorubicin versus doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vincristine in AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 14(8), 2353–2364 (1996).
  • Northfelt DW, Dezube BJ, Thommes JA et al. Pegylated-liposomal doxorubicin versus doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vincristine in the treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma: results of a randomized Phase III clinical trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 16(7), 2445–2451 (1998).
  • Stewart S, Jablonowski H, Goebel FD et al. Randomized comparative trial of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin versus bleomycin and vincristine in the treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma. International Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin Study Group. J. Clin. Oncol. 16(2), 683–691 (1998).
  • Lichterfeld M, Qurishi N, Hoffmann C et al.; German Clinical AIDS Working Group (KAAD). Treatment of HIV-1-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and HAART simultaneously induces effective tumor remission and CD4+ T cell recovery. Infection 33(3), 140–147 (2005).
  • EngelsEA, PfeifferRM, FraumeniJF Jr et al. Spectrum of cancer risk among US solid organ transplant recipients. JAMA 306(17), 1891–1901 (2011).
  • Lodi S, Guiguet M, Costagliola D, Fisher M, de Luca A, Porter K; CASCADE Collaboration. Kaposi sarcoma incidence and survival among HIV-infected homosexual men after HIV seroconversion. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 102(11), 784–792 (2010).
  • Jacobson LP, Yamashita TE, Detels R et al. Impact of potent antiretroviral therapy on the incidence of Kaposi’s sarcoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas among HIV-1-infected individuals. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 21(Suppl. 1), S34–S41 (1999).
  • International collaboration on HIV and cancer: highly active antiretroviral therapy and incidence of cancer in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 92(22), 1823–1830 (2000).
  • Portsmouth S, Stebbing J, Gill J et al. A comparison of regimens based on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or protease inhibitors in preventing Kaposi’s sarcoma. AIDS 17(11), F17–F22 (2003).
  • Clifford GM, Polesel J, Rickenbach M et al.; Swiss HIV Cohort. Cancer risk in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study: associations with immunodeficiency, smoking, and highly active antiretroviral therapy. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 97(6), 425–432 (2005).
  • Bower M, Fox P, Fife K, Gill J, Nelson M, Gazzard B. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) prolongs time to treatment failure in Kaposi’s sarcoma. AIDS 13(15), 2105–2111 (1999).
  • Stebbing J, Sanitt A, Nelson M, Powles T, Gazzard B, Bower M. A prognostic index for AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Lancet 367(9521), 1495–1502 (2006).
  • Holkova B, Takeshita K, Cheng DM et al. Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on survival in patients with AIDS-associated pulmonary Kaposi’s sarcoma treated with chemotherapy. J. Clin. Oncol. 19(18), 3848–3851 (2001).
  • Tam HK, Zhang ZF, Jacobson LP et al. Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on survival among HIV-infected men with Kaposi sarcoma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Int. J. Cancer 98(6), 916–922 (2002).
  • Powles T, Stebbing J, Bazeos A et al. The role of immune suppression and HHV-8 in the increasing incidence of HIV-associated multicentric Castleman’s disease. Ann. Oncol. 20(4), 775–779 (2009).
  • Paparizos VA, Kyriakis KP, Papastamopoulos V, Hadjivassiliou M, Stavrianeas NG. Response of AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma to highly active antiretroviral therapy alone. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 30(2), 257–258 (2002).
  • Gill J, Bourboulia D, Wilkinson J et al. Prospective study of the effects of antiretroviral therapy on Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection in patients with and without Kaposi sarcoma. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 31(4), 384–390 (2002).
  • Cattelan AM, Calabro ML, Aversa SM et al. Regression of AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma following antiretroviral therapy with protease inhibitors: biological correlates of clinical outcome. Eur. J. Cancer 35(13), 1809–1815 (1999).
  • Esdaile B, Davis M, Portsmouth S et al. The immunological effects of concomitant highly active antiretroviral therapy and liposomal anthracycline treatment of HIV-1-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma. AIDS 16(17), 2344–2347 (2002).
  • Núñez M, Saballs P, Valencia ME et al.; Caelyx/KS Spanish Study Group. Response to liposomal doxorubicin and clinical outcome of HIV-1-infected patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. HIV Clin. Trials 2(5), 429–437 (2001).
  • Bower M, Weir J, Francis N et al. The effect of HAART in 254 consecutive patients with AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma. AIDS 23(13), 1701–1706 (2009).
  • Stebbing J, Gazzard B, Douek DC. Where does HIV live? N. Engl. J. Med. 350(18), 1872–1880 (2004).
  • Carcelain G, Debré P, Autran B. Reconstitution of CD4+ T lymphocytes in HIV-infected individuals following antiretroviral therapy. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 13(4), 483–488 (2001).
  • Carcelain G, Tubiana R, Samri A et al. Transient mobilization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD4 T-helper cells fails to control virus rebounds during intermittent antiretroviral therapy in chronic HIV type 1 infection. J. Virol. 75(1), 234–241 (2001).
  • Sgadari C, Barillari G, Toschi E et al. HIV protease inhibitors are potent anti-angiogenic molecules and promote regression of Kaposi sarcoma. Nat. Med. 8(3), 225–232 (2002).
  • Bihl F, Mosam A, Henry LN et al. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-specific immune reconstitution and antiviral effect of combined HAART/chemotherapy in HIV clade C-infected individuals with Kaposi’s sarcoma. AIDS 21(10), 1245–1252 (2007).
  • Bourboulia D, Aldam D, Lagos D et al. Short- and long-term effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus immune responses and viraemia. AIDS 18(3), 485–493 (2004).
  • Wilkinson J, Cope A, Gill J et al. Identification of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes and evaluation of reconstitution of KSHV-specific responses in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-Infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. J. Virol. 76(6), 2634–2640 (2002).
  • Robey RC, Lagos D, Gratrix F et al. The CD8 and CD4 T-cell response against Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is skewed towards early and late lytic antigens. PLoS ONE 4(6), e5890 (2009).
  • Zhu FX, Chong JM, Wu L, Yuan Y. Virion proteins of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. J. Virol. 79(2), 800–811 (2005).
  • Mosam A, Shaik F, Uldrick TS et al. A randomized controlled trial of highly active antiretroviral therapy versus highly active antiretroviral therapy and chemotherapy in therapy-naive patients with HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma in South Africa. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 60(2), 150–157 (2012).
  • Krown SE, Metroka C, Wernz JC. Kaposi’s sarcoma in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a proposal for uniform evaluation, response, and staging criteria. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Oncology Committee. J. Clin. Oncol. 7(9), 1201–1207 (1989).
  • Krown SE, Testa MA, Huang J. AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma: prospective validation of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group staging classification. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Oncology Committee. J. Clin. Oncol. 15(9), 3085–3092 (1997).
  • Bower M, Collins S, Cottrill C et al.; AIDS Malignancy Subcommittee. British HIV Association guidelines for HIV-associated malignancies 2008. HIV Med. 9(6), 336–388 (2008).
  • Borok M, Fiorillo S, Gudza I et al. Evaluation of plasma human herpesvirus 8 DNA as a marker of clinical outcomes during antiretroviral therapy for AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma in Zimbabwe. Clin. Infect. Dis. 51(3), 342–349 (2010).
  • Autran B, Carcelain G. AIDS. Boosting immunity to HIV – can the virus help? Science 290(5493), 946–949 (2000).
  • Autran B, Carcelain G, Debre P. Immune reconstitution after highly active anti-retroviral treatment of HIV infection. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 495, 205–212 (2001).
  • Shelburne SA 3rd, Hamill RJ, Rodriguez-Barradas MC et al. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: emergence of a unique syndrome during highly active antiretroviral therapy. Medicine (Baltimore) 81(3), 213–227 (2002).
  • Weir A, Wansbrough-Jones M. Mucosal Kaposi’s sarcoma following protease inhibitor therapy in an HIV-infected patient. AIDS 11(15), 1895–1896 (1997).
  • Connick E, Kane MA, White IE, Ryder J, Campbell TB. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with Kaposi sarcoma during potent antiretroviral therapy. Clin. Infect. Dis. 39(12), 1852–1855 (2004).
  • Leidner R, Aboulafia D. Flare of AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) following HAART: a manifestation of immune reconstitution syndrome. Flare of AIDS-Associated Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS) Following HAART: A Manifestation of Immune Reconstitution Syndrome. Abstract 16 (2004).
  • Bower M, Nelson M, Young AM et al. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 23(22), 5224–5228 (2005).
  • Letang E, Almeida JM, Miró JM et al. Predictors of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome-associated with Kaposi sarcoma in mozambique: a prospective study. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 53(5), 589–597 (2010).
  • Achenbach CJ, Harrington RD, Dhanireddy S, Crane HM, Casper C, Kitahata MM. Paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-infected patients treated with combination antiretroviral therapy after AIDS-defining opportunistic infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. 54(3), 424–433 (2012).
  • Leidner RS, Aboulafia DM. Recrudescent Kaposi’s sarcoma after initiation of HAART: a manifestation of immune reconstitution syndrome. AIDS Patient Care STDS 19(10), 635–644 (2005).
  • Feller L, Anagnostopoulos C, Wood NH, Bouckaert M, Raubenheimer EJ, Lemmer J. Human immunodeficiency virus-associated Kaposi sarcoma as an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: a literature review and case report. J. Periodontol. 79(2), 362–368 (2008).
  • Read PJ, Desai M, Lucas S, Morris S, Kulasegaram R. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)-associated Kaposi sarcoma (KS) in the liver manifesting as acute obstructive hepatitis. HIV Medicine 10, 163 (2009).
  • Pal J, Shrivastav A, Pathak HS, Sarkar DK. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related gastrointestinal limited Kaposi’s sarcoma presenting as acute intestinal obstruction: a case report. J. Med. Case Rep. 5, 327 (2011).
  • Maurer T, Ponte M, Leslie K. HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma with a high CD4 count and a low viral load. N. Engl. J. Med. 357(13), 1352–1353 (2007).
  • Krown SE, Lee JY, Dittmer DP; AIDS Malignancy Consortium. More on HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 358(5), 535–536; author reply 536 (2008).
  • Mani D, Neil N, Israel R, Aboulafia DM. A retrospective analysis of AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma in patients with undetectable HIV viral loads and CD4 counts greater than 300 cells/mm(3). J. Int. Assoc. Physicians AIDS Care (Chic.) 8(5), 279–285 (2009).
  • Brown LF, Tognazzi K, Dvorak HF, Harrist TJ. Strong expression of kinase insert domain-containing receptor, a vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma and cutaneous angiosarcoma. Am. J. Pathol. 148(4), 1065–1074 (1996).
  • Masood R, Cai J, Zheng T, Smith DL, Naidu Y, Gill PS. Vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor is an autocrine growth factor for AIDS-Kaposi sarcoma. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94(3), 979–984 (1997).
  • Uldrick TS, Wyvill KM, Kumar P et al. Phase II study of bevacizumab in patients with HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma receiving antiretroviral therapy. J. Clin. Oncol. 30(13), 1476–1483 (2012).
  • Dezube BJ, Krown SE, Lee JY, Bauer KS, Aboulafia DM. Randomized Phase II trial of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor COL-3 in AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma: an AIDS Malignancy Consortium Study. J. Clin. Oncol. 24(9), 1389–1394 (2006).
  • Brinker BT, Krown SE, Lee JY et al. Phase 1/2 trial of BMS-275291 in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-related Kaposi sarcoma: a multicenter trial of the AIDS Malignancy Consortium. Cancer 112(5), 1083–1088 (2008).
  • Koon HB, Fingleton B, Lee JY et al. Phase II AIDS Malignancy Consortium trial of topical halofuginone in AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 56(1), 64–68 (2011).
  • Noy A, Scadden DT, Lee J et al. Angiogenesis inhibitor IM862 is ineffective against AIDS-Kaposi’s sarcoma in a Phase III trial, but demonstrates sustained, potent effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy: from the AIDS Malignancy Consortium and IM862 Study Team. J. Clin. Oncol. 23(5), 990–998 (2005).
  • Shimabukuro KA, Reid EG. AMC 070: a Phase I/II study of lenalidomide in patients with AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcomas. J. Clin. Oncol. 29(15 Suppl. 1), Abstract TPS246 (2011).
  • Koon HB, Bubley GJ, Pantanowitz L et al. Imatinib-induced regression of AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 23(5), 982–989 (2005).
  • Ardavanis A, Doufexis D, Kountourakis P, Rigatos G. A Kaposi’s sarcoma complete clinical response after sorafenib administration. Ann. Oncol. 19(9), 1658–1659 (2008).
  • Vart RJ, Nikitenko LL, Lagos D et al. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded interleukin-6 and G-protein-coupled receptor regulate angiopoietin-2 expression in lymphatic endothelial cells. Cancer Res. 67(9), 4042–4051 (2007).
  • Krown SE, Roy D, Lee JY et al. Rapamycin with antiretroviral therapy in AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma: an AIDS Malignancy Consortium study. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 59(5), 447–454 (2012).
  • Windebank AJ, Grisold W. Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst. 13(1), 27–46 (2008).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.